{"id":7181,"date":"2025-03-22T12:57:06","date_gmt":"2025-03-22T12:57:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7181"},"modified":"2025-03-22T12:57:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T12:57:24","slug":"talmun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/03\/22\/talmun\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1lmun"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum s\u00e1 \u00e9g a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk var a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hvort or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>hef\u00f0i \u201eeinhverja s\u00e9rstaka merkingu\u201c e\u00f0a merkti \u00fea\u00f0 sama og <em>hindrun<\/em>. Sagnirnar <em>t\u00e1lma <\/em>og <em>hindra <\/em>eru sk\u00fdr\u00f0ar hvor me\u00f0 annarri \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k <\/em>og \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0b\u00f3k <\/em>og <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/48795\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 t\u00e1lma e-\u00f0, hindrun'. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 or\u00f0in hafa lengi haft d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 mismunandi notkunarsvi\u00f0 \u2013 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>er formlegra og er fremur nota\u00f0 \u00ed lagalegri merkingu. \u00cd 73. grein <em>Stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r <\/em>segir t.d.: \u201eRitsko\u00f0un og a\u00f0rar samb\u00e6rilegar t\u00e1lmanir \u00e1 tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi m\u00e1 aldrei \u00ed l\u00f6g lei\u00f0a.\u201c Einnig er i\u00f0ulega tala\u00f0 um <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 atvinnur\u00e9tti<\/em>, <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 sko\u00f0anafrelsi<\/em>, <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingar\u00e9tti<\/em>, <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 tr\u00fafrelsi<\/em>, <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 umfer\u00f0 <\/em>o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>Svo vir\u00f0ist sem <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>s\u00e9 fremur nota\u00f0 \u00feegar hindrunum er beitt \u00e1 me\u00f0vita\u00f0an h\u00e1tt \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega s\u00e9 einnig h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota <em>hindrun <\/em>\u00ed \u00feeirri merkingu. En \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>oftast nota\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'koma \u00ed veg fyrir umgengni foreldris vi\u00f0 barn'. \u00deessi merking er ekki nefnd s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum og vir\u00f0ist hafa \u00fer\u00f3ast sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum. Hana m\u00e1 l\u00edklega rekja til <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.althingi.is\/altext\/103\/s\/pdf\/0556.pdf\">Barnalaga<\/a> <\/em>nr. 9\/1981 \u00fear sem segir: \u201eN\u00fa torveldar \u00fea\u00f0 foreldri, sem hefir forsj\u00e1 barns, a\u00f0 hitt f\u00e1i a\u00f0 umgangast barni\u00f0, og getur d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 kn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0um allt a\u00f0 20000 kr\u00f3na dagsektum, er renni til r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0s, til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta af t\u00e1lmunum.\u201c \u00dearna er lj\u00f3st af \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e1 undan er komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201et\u00e1lmunum\u201c merkir 't\u00e1lmunum \u00e1 umgengni'.<\/p>\n<p>Framan af vir\u00f0ist or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>l\u00edka yfirleitt hafa veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00e1b\u00fdli vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>umgengni<\/em>. \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2000 segir: \u201eOkkur er kunnugt um a\u00f0 till\u00f6gur s\u00e9u \u00ed undirb\u00faningi hj\u00e1 d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu sem feli \u00ed s\u00e9r hertari vi\u00f0url\u00f6g vi\u00f0 t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 umgengni.\u201c \u00cd grein \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2003 kemur nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>og s\u00f6gnin <em>t\u00e1lma <\/em>fj\u00f3rum sinnum fyrir, alltaf \u00ed sambandi vi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>umgengni<\/em>. \u00cd grein \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2004 kemur fyrir samsetningin <em>umgengnist\u00e1lmun<\/em>. En \u00ed grein \u00ed <em>DV <\/em>2008 er <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 <em>umgengni<\/em> s\u00e9 \u00ed setningunni: \u201e\u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin hafi veri\u00f0 beitt mj\u00f6g alvarlegum t\u00e1lmunum.\u201c \u00cd s\u00f6mu grein koma fyrir samsetningar eins og <em>t\u00e1lmunart\u00edmabil <\/em>og <em>t\u00e1lmunarferli<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dearna er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 tengsl or\u00f0sins <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>umgengni <\/em>eru a\u00f0 rofna og <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>eitt og s\u00e9r er fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 merkja 't\u00e1lmun \u00e1 umgengni'. \u00deetta kemur l\u00edka fram \u00ed grein \u00ed <em>T\u00edmariti l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga <\/em>2009: \u201e\u00deegar umgengni liggur ni\u00f0ri til lengri t\u00edma liggja venjulega fl\u00f3knar og marg\u00fe\u00e6ttar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fear a\u00f0 baki. Ein af \u00feeim \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um er t\u00e1lmun.\u201c Vissulega kemur <em>umgengni <\/em>\u00fearna fyrir \u00ed n\u00e1grenninu en samt er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>hefur \u00fearna yfirteki\u00f0 merkingu sambandsins <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 umgengni<\/em>. \u00deessi \u00fer\u00f3un hefur svo haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram og <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>er n\u00fa i\u00f0ulega nota\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 <em>umgengni <\/em>s\u00e9 n\u00e6rri. \u00cd <em>mbl.is<\/em> 2023 segir t.d.: \u201eH\u00e9r f\u00e6r h\u00fan spurningu fr\u00e1 manni sem segist hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir t\u00e1lmun.\u201c \u00cd <em>Stundinni <\/em>2019 segir: \u201e\u00e9g hef \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g gagnr\u00fdninn \u00e1 t\u00e1lmun.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta er mj\u00f6g \u00e1hugavert d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig merking or\u00f0s \u00far almennu m\u00e1li \u00ferengist sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt og ver\u00f0ur s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 almennt or\u00f0 ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0i \u00feegar <em>t\u00e1lmun <\/em>yfirtekur merkingu sambandsins <em>t\u00e1lmun \u00e1 umgengni<\/em>. Vitanlega tengist \u00feetta \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til er margfalt meira r\u00e6tt en \u00e1\u00f0ur og \u00feess vegna \u00fe\u00e6gilegt a\u00f0 geta v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feess me\u00f0 einu or\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 er alls ekki einsd\u00e6mi a\u00f0 merking or\u00f0a breytist \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt og or\u00f0 \u00far almennu m\u00e1li ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0um. Oft fer vel \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, en vissulega getur \u00fea\u00f0 stundum leitt til misskilnings ef s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0 merking or\u00f0sins fl\u00e6kist fyrir almennu merkingunni \u2013 e\u00f0a \u00f6fugt. \u00cd flestum tilvikum er samt tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 samhengi\u00f0 dugi f\u00f3lki til a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 merkingunni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd M\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum s\u00e1 \u00e9g a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk var a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hvort or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00e1lmun hef\u00f0i \u201eeinhverja s\u00e9rstaka merkingu\u201c e\u00f0a merkti \u00fea\u00f0 sama og hindrun. Sagnirnar t\u00e1lma og hindra eru sk\u00fdr\u00f0ar hvor me\u00f0 annarri \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0b\u00f3k og \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k er nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00e1lmun sk\u00fdrt '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 t\u00e1lma e-\u00f0, hindrun'. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7181"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7183,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181\/revisions\/7183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}