{"id":7193,"date":"2025-03-26T10:48:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T10:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7193"},"modified":"2025-03-26T10:49:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T10:49:38","slug":"hver-verdur-framtidarstada-islenskunnar-ef-kynhlutlaust-mal-verdur-radandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/03\/26\/hver-verdur-framtidarstada-islenskunnar-ef-kynhlutlaust-mal-verdur-radandi\/","title":{"rendered":"Framt\u00ed\u00f0arsta\u00f0a \u00edslenskunnar ef kynhlutlaust m\u00e1l ver\u00f0ur r\u00e1\u00f0andi"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><em>V\u00edsindavefurinn <\/em>ba\u00f0 mig a\u00f0 svara spurningunni\u00a0<em>Hver ver\u00f0ur framt\u00ed\u00f0arsta\u00f0a \u00edslenskunnar ef kynhlutlaust m\u00e1l ver\u00f0ur r\u00e1\u00f0andi<\/em>? \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 v\u00edsu nokku\u00f0 \u00f3lj\u00f3st vi\u00f0 hva\u00f0 er \u00e1tt me\u00f0 <em>framt\u00ed\u00f0arst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenskunnar<\/em>, <em>kynhlutlausu m\u00e1li<\/em> og <em>r\u00e1\u00f0andi<\/em>, en \u00e9g reyndi samt a\u00f0 segja eitthva\u00f0 um \u00feetta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cdslenska er mj\u00f6g kynja\u00f0 m\u00e1l, \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00f6ll fallor\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins hafa eitthvert \u00feriggja kynja \u2013 eru karlkyns, kvenkyns e\u00f0a hvorugkyns. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=649\">Kyni\u00f0<\/a> er fastur eiginleiki nafnor\u00f0a \u00feannig a\u00f0 hvert nafnor\u00f0 er a\u00f0eins til \u00ed einu kyni (me\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=6991\">\u00f6rf\u00e1um undantekningum<\/a>) en kyni\u00f0 er hins vegar beygingar\u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um, forn\u00f6fnum og t\u00f6luor\u00f0um \u2013 \u00feau geta sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed hva\u00f0a kyni sem er og \u00feiggja kyn sitt oftast fr\u00e1 nafnor\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri vitanlega gerbreyting \u00e1 m\u00e1linu ef nafnor\u00f0 yr\u00f0u kynlaus e\u00f0a l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0, forn\u00f6fn og t\u00f6luor\u00f0 h\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 beygjast \u00ed kynjum, enda hefur engum dotti\u00f0 neitt sl\u00edkt \u00ed hug. Umr\u00e6\u00f0a um svokalla\u00f0 kynhlutleysi m\u00e1lsins sn\u00fdst ekki um neitt \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 veru, heldur um tengslin milli <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2516\">m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs kyns og l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs kyns<\/a> e\u00f0a kynvitundar f\u00f3lks.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku s\u00e9 mikill kynjahalli \u2013 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9 mj\u00f6g karll\u00e6gt. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt karlkyn er mj\u00f6g oft nota\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 s\u00e9 (eing\u00f6ngu) til karla. \u00deetta kemur einkum fram \u00e1 \u00ferennan h\u00e1tt. \u00cd fyrsta lagi er karlkyn oft nota\u00f0 \u00ed v\u00edsun til einstaklinga og h\u00f3pa sem eru \u00f3skilgreindir e\u00f0a ekki afmarka\u00f0ir \u2013 <em>allir eru velkomnir<\/em>, <em>fj\u00f3rir eru slasa\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>enginn er \u00f3missandi<\/em>. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi er karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>ma\u00f0ur<\/em> sem oft merkir eing\u00f6ngu \u201akarlma\u00f0ur\u2018 (<em>ma\u00f0ur og kona<\/em>, <em>ma\u00f0urinn minn<\/em>) einnig nota\u00f0 \u00ed almennri merkingu \u2013 <em>ma\u00f0urinn er spend\u00fdr<\/em>, <em>menn eru \u00ed vafa<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi eru langflest starfs-, hlutverks- og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheiti karlkyns \u2013 <em>forma\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>forstj\u00f3ri<\/em>, <em>skipherra<\/em>, <em>bar\u00fej\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>t\u00f6lvunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur<\/em>, <em>kennari<\/em>, <em>\u00cdslendingur<\/em>, <em>Dani<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar \u00fdmsar tilraunir til a\u00f0 draga \u00far kynjahallanum og f\u00e6ra m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt til kynhlutleysis, svo sem a\u00f0 nota hvorugkyn sem hlutlaust (\u00f3marka\u00f0) kyn \u00ed sta\u00f0 karlkyns \u00ed v\u00edsun til h\u00f3pa me\u00f0 \u00f3\u00feekkta kynjasamsetningu \u2013 <em>\u00f6ll eru velkomin<\/em>, <em>fj\u00f6gur eru sl\u00f6su\u00f0<\/em> og svo framvegis. Einnig hefur veri\u00f0 reynt a\u00f0 draga \u00far notkun or\u00f0sins <em>ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og samsetninga af \u00fev\u00ed, b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0 eins og <em>manneskja<\/em> og <em>man<\/em> og me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa til samsetningar me\u00f0 <em>-f\u00f3lk<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>-ma\u00f0ur<\/em> (til d\u00e6mis <em>stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laf\u00f3lk<\/em>, <em>\u00feingf\u00f3lk<\/em>) e\u00f0a samsetningar me\u00f0 <em>-kona<\/em> vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 samsetninga me\u00f0 <em>-ma\u00f0ur<\/em> (til d\u00e6mis <em>\u00feingkona<\/em>). En fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg vandam\u00e1l og vafam\u00e1l koma upp \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkar breytingar \u2013 \u00feetta er enn stutt \u00e1 veg komi\u00f0 og \u00f3lj\u00f3st hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 eftir a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3ast.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00edklega yr\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 sn\u00fanast a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 starfs-, hlutverks- og \u00edb\u00faaheitin. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feessi heiti s\u00e9u m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega karlkyns eru \u00feau eigi a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur kynhlutlaus \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00feau eru notu\u00f0 um f\u00f3lk af \u00f6llum kynjum. Auglj\u00f3slega v\u00e6ri meirih\u00e1ttar m\u00e1l a\u00f0 b\u00faa til hvorugkynsor\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feeirra allra og litlar l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0i gert \u00ed fyrirsj\u00e1anlegri framt\u00ed\u00f0, enda oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 fullkomlega \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt kyn og kyn f\u00f3lks s\u00e9 tvennt \u00f3l\u00edkt. \u00dea\u00f0 er r\u00e9tt svo langt sem \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6r, en samt bendir margt til \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur tengi \u00feessi or\u00f0 \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 fremur vi\u00f0 karlmenn eins og \u00e9g hef s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 \u00ed \u00fdmsum pistlum \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/07\/10\/um-meint-kynhlutleysi-samsetninga-med-madur\/\">Um meint kynhlutleysi samsetninga me\u00f0 <\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/07\/10\/um-meint-kynhlutleysi-samsetninga-med-madur\/\">ma\u00f0ur<\/a><\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/07\/11\/karllaegni-islenskra-ibuaheita\/\">Karll\u00e6gni \u00edslenskra \u00edb\u00faaheita<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2024\/09\/23\/eru-danir-karlkyns\/\">Eru Danir karlkyns?<\/a> o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 kynhlutlaust m\u00e1l ver\u00f0i \u201er\u00e1\u00f0andi\u201c \u00ed \u00edslensku m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi \u00ed n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0, ef \u00e1tt er vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kynjahalla tungum\u00e1lsins ver\u00f0i \u00fatr\u00fdmt me\u00f0 \u00f6llu. \u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar vel hugsanlegt, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a nokku\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt dragi \u00far kynjahallanum vegna me\u00f0vita\u00f0ra a\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt, en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 neinar skyndilegar breytingar e\u00f0a kollsteypur ver\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 breytingar \u00ed \u00e1tt til kynhlutleysis hafi st\u00f3rv\u00e6gileg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framt\u00ed\u00f0arst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslensku. Eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur ver\u00f0a \u00ferj\u00fa kyn \u00ed m\u00e1linu og \u00fe\u00f3tt innbyr\u00f0is verkaskipting \u00feeirra breytist eitthva\u00f0, og b\u00fain ver\u00f0i til einhver n\u00fd hvorugkynsor\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 karlkynsor\u00f0a, heldur m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 vera \u00edslenska.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edsindavefurinn ba\u00f0 mig a\u00f0 svara spurningunni\u00a0Hver ver\u00f0ur framt\u00ed\u00f0arsta\u00f0a \u00edslenskunnar ef kynhlutlaust m\u00e1l ver\u00f0ur r\u00e1\u00f0andi? \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 v\u00edsu nokku\u00f0 \u00f3lj\u00f3st vi\u00f0 hva\u00f0 er \u00e1tt me\u00f0 framt\u00ed\u00f0arst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenskunnar, kynhlutlausu m\u00e1li og r\u00e1\u00f0andi, en \u00e9g reyndi samt a\u00f0 segja eitthva\u00f0 um \u00feetta. \u00cdslenska er mj\u00f6g kynja\u00f0 m\u00e1l, \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00f6ll fallor\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins hafa eitthvert \u00feriggja [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7193"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7195,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7193\/revisions\/7195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}