{"id":7296,"date":"2025-05-12T20:54:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T20:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7296"},"modified":"2025-05-12T22:00:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T22:00:35","slug":"ad-fedra-born-og-maedra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/05\/12\/ad-fedra-born-og-maedra\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 fe\u00f0ra b\u00f6rn \u2013 og m\u00e6\u00f0ra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 ber s\u00edfellt meira \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 merking \u00edslenskra or\u00f0a hnikist til vegna \u00e1hrifa fr\u00e1 ensku. Oft er \u00fe\u00e1 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a or\u00f0 sem eru or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega og merkingarlega skyld \u00ed \u00edslensku og ensku en merkja ekki alveg \u00fea\u00f0 sama, en vegna l\u00edkinda or\u00f0anna fer merkingarmunurinn fram hj\u00e1 m\u00e1lnotendum. Eitt sl\u00edkt d\u00e6mi er s\u00f6gnin <em>fe\u00f0ra<\/em>. H\u00fan er g\u00f6mul \u00ed m\u00e1linu og <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/10852\">merkti<\/a> lengst af 'tilgreina f\u00f6\u00f0ur a\u00f0 barni' e\u00f0a '\u00e1kvar\u00f0a fa\u00f0erni barns'. \u00d3giftar konur \u00feurftu a\u00f0 <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>b\u00f6rn s\u00edn og stundum \u00feurfti d\u00f3ms\u00farskur\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a fa\u00f0erni barns \u2013 <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>\u00fea\u00f0. Fyrir kom a\u00f0 ekki t\u00e6kist a\u00f0 <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>barn \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var <em>\u00f3fe\u00f0ra\u00f0<\/em>, og einnig bar vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn v\u00e6ru <em>rangfe\u00f0ru\u00f0<\/em>. S\u00f6gnin er l\u00edka oft notu\u00f0 \u00ed yfirf\u00e6r\u00f0ri merkingu um a\u00f0 'tilgreina h\u00f6fund' \u2013 <em>fe\u00f0ra kv\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em>, <em>fe\u00f0ra hugmynd<\/em> o.fl.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 er hins vegar algengt a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 sem samsv\u00f6run vi\u00f0 ensku s\u00f6gnina <em>father<\/em> sem er vissulega or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega skyld, en <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/father\">merkir<\/a> hins vegar d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 anna\u00f0 \u2013 'to become the father of a child by making a woman pregnant', e\u00f0a 'ver\u00f0a fa\u00f0ir barns me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera konu \u00feunga\u00f0a'. S\u00fa merking var \u00e1\u00f0ur tj\u00e1\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6gninni <em>geta <\/em>sem hefur m.a. <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/15354\">merkinguna<\/a> \u201agera konu barn\u2018 en hefur ekki veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 notu\u00f0 \u00ed almennu m\u00e1li lengi og notkun hennar \u00ed \u00e6ttart\u00f6lu Jes\u00fa Krists \u00ed upphafi Mattheusargu\u00f0spjalls hefur \u00f6rugglega vafist fyrir \u00fdmsum: \u201eAbraham gat \u00cdsak, \u00cdsak gat Jakob, Jakob gat J\u00fada og br\u00e6\u00f0ur hans\u201c \u2013 o.s.frv. \u00c9g man eftir \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar \u00e9g var a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra bibl\u00edus\u00f6gur \u00ed barnask\u00f3la a\u00f0 m\u00e9r fannst \u00feetta mj\u00f6g undarleg m\u00e1lnotkun.<\/p>\n<p>Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g hef fundi\u00f0 um \u00feessa n\u00fdju merkingu \u00ed <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>er \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1976: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 \u00e1 hann ennfremur a\u00f0 hafa\u00a0fe\u00f0ra\u00f0\u00a0tv\u00edbura og er \u00fea\u00f0 einn li\u00f0ur \u00e1k\u00e6runnar \u00e1 hendur honum.\u201c \u00cd <em>Vikunni <\/em>1989 segir: \u201eL\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilega eru karlar ekki heftir \u00e1 \u00feennan sama h\u00e1tt og margir geta\u00a0fe\u00f0ra\u00f0\u00a0b\u00f6rn langt fram eftir elli\u00e1runum.\u201c D\u00e6mum fj\u00f6lgar svo \u00e1 seinni hluta t\u00edunda \u00e1ratugarins. \u00cd <em>Helgarp\u00f3stinum <\/em>1996 segir: \u201e\u00c9g hef fe\u00f0ra\u00f0 fj\u00f3rt\u00e1n b\u00f6rn.\u201c \u00cd <em>Degi-T\u00edmanum <\/em>1996: \u201eSvo \u00fe\u00f3tti hann alveg \u00f3tr\u00falega kvensamur og er sag\u00f0ur hafa fe\u00f0ra\u00f0 fleiri b\u00f6rn en nokkur annar k\u00f3ngur \u00ed Bretlandi fyrr og s\u00ed\u00f0ar.\u201c \u00cd <em>Vikunni <\/em>1999 segir: \u201eAlls hefur Quinn fe\u00f0ra\u00f0 13 b\u00f6rn en \u00feau voru ekki \u00f6ll me\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00f6r.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2000 segir: \u201e\u00c1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i hann fe\u00f0ra\u00f0 st\u00falkubarn.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1 sama h\u00e1tt og s\u00f6gnin <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>er myndu\u00f0 af nafnor\u00f0inu <em>fa\u00f0ir<\/em> er vitaskuld h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mynda s\u00f6gnina <em>m\u00e6\u00f0ra <\/em>af nafnor\u00f0inu <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em> en e\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt hafa veri\u00f0 minni not fyrir hana. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur \u00fe\u00f3 breyst me\u00f0 breyttu fj\u00f6lskyldumynstri. \u00cd h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi fr\u00e1 2015 segir t.d.: \u201esamkv\u00e6mt \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum er r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed gert a\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 barn f\u00e6\u00f0ist, og hefur veri\u00f0 m\u00e6\u00f0ra\u00f0, kunni m\u00f3\u00f0erni \u00feess a\u00f0 vera breytt me\u00f0 \u00e6ttlei\u00f0ingu.\u201c Merking sagnarinnar <em>m\u00e6\u00f0ra <\/em>er \u00fearna hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundinni merkingu sagnarinnar <em>fe\u00f0ra<\/em> \u2013 afleidda nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>m\u00e6\u00f0run <\/em>er \u00ed L\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ior\u00f0asafni \u00ed <em>\u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankanum <\/em>\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/idordabanki.arnastofnun.is\/faersla\/900893\">merkingunni<\/a> '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a m\u00f3\u00f0erni barns'. En \u00ed samsetningunni <em>sta\u00f0g\u00f6ngum\u00e6\u00f0run <\/em>er merkingin hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 n\u00fdju merkingunni \u00ed <em>fe\u00f0ra<\/em>, \u00fe.e. 'ganga me\u00f0\/f\u00e6\u00f0a barn'.<\/p>\n<p>Hin n\u00fdja merking sagnarinnar <em>fe\u00f0ra <\/em>vir\u00f0ist sm\u00e1m saman ver\u00f0a algengari \u00fe\u00f3tt eldri merkingin lifi enn g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi. \u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i s\u00fdnist m\u00e9r n\u00fdja merkingin ekki s\u00edst vera notu\u00f0 \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00e6\u00f0isgjafa \u2013 \u201eFa\u00f0ir hans mun hafa\u00a0fe\u00f0ra\u00f0\u00a0\u00e1 milli 500 og 1.000 b\u00f6rn \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ferj\u00e1 \u00e1ratugi, sem hann vann me\u00f0 s\u00e6\u00f0isb\u00f6nkum\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2013. \u00dea\u00f0 eru svo sem \u00f3tal d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 or\u00f0 hafi fleiri en eina merkingu og \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki er oftast lj\u00f3st af samhenginu um hvora merkinguna er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u2013 \u00ed hef\u00f0bundinni merkingu eru \u00fea\u00f0 t.d. yfirleitt konur (e\u00f0a d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar) sem fe\u00f0ra b\u00f6rn en \u00ed n\u00fdju merkingunni eru \u00fea\u00f0 karlmenn. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur g\u00e6ti n\u00fdja notkunin rugla\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem \u00feekkir hana ekki \u00ed r\u00edminu og r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 hafa \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed huga ef h\u00fan er notu\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 ber s\u00edfellt meira \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 merking \u00edslenskra or\u00f0a hnikist til vegna \u00e1hrifa fr\u00e1 ensku. Oft er \u00fe\u00e1 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a or\u00f0 sem eru or\u00f0sifjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega og merkingarlega skyld \u00ed \u00edslensku og ensku en merkja ekki alveg \u00fea\u00f0 sama, en vegna l\u00edkinda or\u00f0anna fer merkingarmunurinn fram hj\u00e1 m\u00e1lnotendum. Eitt sl\u00edkt d\u00e6mi er s\u00f6gnin fe\u00f0ra. H\u00fan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7296"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7301,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7296\/revisions\/7301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}