{"id":7373,"date":"2025-06-11T15:47:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T15:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7373"},"modified":"2025-06-11T15:49:58","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T15:49:58","slug":"umhverfisvaenar-malningar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/06\/11\/umhverfisvaenar-malningar\/","title":{"rendered":"Umhverfisv\u00e6nar m\u00e1lningar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var birt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c mynd af augl\u00fdsingaskilti \u00fear sem st\u00f3\u00f0 \u201eN\u00e6stum allar m\u00e1lningarnar okkar eru umhverfisv\u00e6nar\u201c og spurt hvort \u00feetta v\u00e6ri n\u00fdtt \u2013 fyrirspyrjandi sag\u00f0ist ekki \u00e1\u00f0ur hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 <em>m\u00e1lningu <\/em>\u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. \u00cd <em>Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em><span style=\"--tw-border-spacing-x: 0;--tw-border-spacing-y: 0;--tw-translate-x: 0;--tw-translate-y: 0;--tw-rotate: 0;--tw-skew-x: 0;--tw-skew-y: 0;--tw-scale-x: 1;--tw-scale-y: 1;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity;--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px;--tw-ring-offset-color: #fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000\"> er a\u00f0eins eintala or\u00f0sins gefin, og fleirtalan er vissulega sjalds\u00e9\u00f0 en \u00fe\u00f3 m\u00e1 finna d\u00e6mi um hana. \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1920 segir: \u201eV\u00e9r m\u00e6lum s\u00e9rstaklega me\u00f0 amer\u00edskum m\u00e1lningum fyrir \u00feakj\u00e1rn.\u201c \u00cd <em>NT <\/em>1984 segir: \u201eFr\u00e1b\u00e6r reynsla af akr\u00fdlplastm\u00e1lningunum.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00c1rb\u00f3k VF\u00cd\/TF\u00cd <\/em>1994-1995 segir: \u201en\u00fdjar m\u00e1lningartegundir [\u2026] \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 vera mun betri en g\u00f6mlu sementsbundu m\u00e1lningarnar.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1997 segir: \u201eBl\u00fd er helst a\u00f0 finna \u00ed eldri grunnm\u00e1lningum og ol\u00edum\u00e1lningu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p>F\u00e1ein fleiri d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna, einkum um \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 <em>m\u00e1lningum<\/em>, en erfitt er a\u00f0 leita a\u00f0 nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u00e1n greinis, <em>m\u00e1lningar<\/em>, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau falla saman vi\u00f0 eignarfall eint\u00f6lu. \u00cd <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 finna d\u00e6mi um nefnifall \u00e1n greinis \u00far \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0u 2001: \u201eOl\u00edubundnar m\u00e1lningar og l\u00f6kk eru fremur \u00e1 undanhaldi fyrir vistv\u00e6nni afur\u00f0um.\u201c Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er t\u00f6luvert af d\u00e6mum um eignarfalli\u00f0 <em>m\u00e1lninga<\/em>. Meginhluti \u00feeirra er \u00far samsettum or\u00f0um, eins og <em>m\u00e1lningav\u00f6rur<\/em>, <em>m\u00e1lningavinna<\/em>, <em>m\u00e1lningapenslar<\/em> o.fl. \u00deau d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekki a\u00f0 veri\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>m\u00e1lning <\/em>\u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00ed lok fyrri hluta samsettra or\u00f0a er oft skoti\u00f0 inn <em>r <\/em>sem ekki \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera \u00fear, eins og \u00ed <em>m\u00e1na\u00f0arm\u00f3t<\/em>, e\u00f0a fellt brott <em>r <\/em>sem \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera.<\/p>\n<p>Hins vegar s\u00fdna \u00feessi or\u00f0 a\u00f0ra merkingu or\u00f0sins <em>m\u00e1lning <\/em>en \u00f6nnur d\u00e6mi sem h\u00e9r hafa veri\u00f0 tilf\u00e6r\u00f0, og sama m\u00e1li gegnir um d\u00e6mi eins og \u201emargir litir til m\u00e1lninga eru \u00f3d\u00fdrastir \u00ed verzlun Ben. S. \u00de\u00f3rarinssonar\u201c \u00ed <em>Reykjav\u00edk <\/em>1903, \u201eM\u00e1lningarv\u00f6rur og alt er til m\u00e1lninga l\u00fdtur, er best a\u00f0 kaupa \u00ed Kolasundi \u00ed versl. Dan\u00edels Halld\u00f3rssonar\u201c \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1920, \u201eLeitast skal vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna \u00far s\u00edldarl\u00fdsi ol\u00edu til m\u00e1lninga\u201c \u00ed <em>N\u00fdja dagbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1936, og nokkur fleiri. Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kask\u00fdringar \u00e1 <em>m\u00e1lning<\/em> n\u00e1 ekki yfir \u00feessi d\u00e6mi \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00edsa eing\u00f6ngu til efnis \u2013 \u2018flj\u00f3tandi litur til a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 veggi og loft \u00ed h\u00fasum, bekki og b\u00e1ta og fleiri hluti\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/27954\"><span style=\"color: #363737\">\u00ed<\/span><\/a> <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og \u2018flj\u00f3tandi litur, efni til a\u00f0 m\u00e1la me\u00f0\u2019 \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00ed \u00feessari notkun er auglj\u00f3slega ekki veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til efnisins heldur verkna\u00f0arins \u2018a\u00f0 m\u00e1la\u2019 eins og nafnor\u00f0 myndu\u00f0 af s\u00f6gn me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu <em>-ing<\/em> gera oftast, \u00ed byrjun a.m.k., \u00fe\u00f3tt merkingin hnikist oft til me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum og f\u00e6rist yfir \u00e1 afur\u00f0 verkna\u00f0arins eins og \u00ed <em>teikning<\/em>, <em>bygging <\/em>o.fl., e\u00f0a efni sem nota\u00f0 er til hans, eins og \u00ed <em>m\u00e1lning<\/em> \u2013 stundum ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 til n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna verkna\u00f0inn \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt, eins og <em>teiknun <\/em>og <em>m\u00e1lun<\/em>. Flest <em>-ing<\/em>-or\u00f0 halda \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed verkna\u00f0armerkinguna a\u00f0 einhverju leyti og h\u00fan kemur st\u00f6ku sinnum fram \u00ed <em>m\u00e1lning<\/em> \u2013 \u201eM\u00e1lning h\u00fassins g\u00e6ti b\u00f3ndinn annazt sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed <em>Andvara <\/em>1931. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 sjaldg\u00e6ft a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed verkna\u00f0armerkingunni, helst \u00ed eignarfalli eins og h\u00e9r er s\u00fdnt.<\/p>\n<p>Fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 or\u00f0 sem \u00e1\u00f0ur voru eing\u00f6ngu h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lu s\u00e9u n\u00fa einnig notu\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 merking \u00feeirra hefur hnikast til. Mj\u00f6g algengt er a\u00f0 amast s\u00e9 vi\u00f0 \u00feessari fleirt\u00f6lunotkun en \u00fe\u00f3 vir\u00f0ist f\u00f3lk venjast henni sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt, \u00ed sumum or\u00f0um a.m.k. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sulta <\/em>var t.d. \u00e1\u00f0ur tali\u00f0 eint\u00f6luor\u00f0 og er s\u00fdnt sem sl\u00edkt \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> en \u00e9g held a\u00f0 f\u00e6stum \u00feyki nokku\u00f0 athugavert vi\u00f0 <em>sultur <\/em>lengur og fleirtalan er <a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/428504\"><span style=\"color: #363737\">gefin<\/span><\/a> \u00ed <em>Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>. Enn n\u00e6rt\u00e6kara d\u00e6mi er <em>m\u00e1lningar og l\u00f6kk <\/em>sem vitna\u00f0 var til h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan \u2013 <em>lakk <\/em>og <em>m\u00e1lning <\/em>vir\u00f0ast vera hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri en fleirtalan <em>l\u00f6kk <\/em>er vi\u00f0urkennd og \u00e1 s\u00e9r langa hef\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 myndum \u00f6rugglega venjast fleirt\u00f6lunni <em>m\u00e1lningar <\/em>ef h\u00fan f\u00e6ri a\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0kast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var birt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c mynd af augl\u00fdsingaskilti \u00fear sem st\u00f3\u00f0 \u201eN\u00e6stum allar m\u00e1lningarnar okkar eru umhverfisv\u00e6nar\u201c og spurt hvort \u00feetta v\u00e6ri n\u00fdtt \u2013 fyrirspyrjandi sag\u00f0ist ekki \u00e1\u00f0ur hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 m\u00e1lningu \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. \u00cd Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls er a\u00f0eins eintala or\u00f0sins gefin, og fleirtalan er vissulega sjalds\u00e9\u00f0 en \u00fe\u00f3 m\u00e1 finna d\u00e6mi um hana. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7377,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373\/revisions\/7377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}