{"id":7486,"date":"2025-07-30T22:41:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T22:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7486"},"modified":"2025-07-30T22:41:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T22:41:11","slug":"merking-og-ordflokkur-ordsins-lumskt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/07\/30\/merking-og-ordflokkur-ordsins-lumskt\/","title":{"rendered":"Merking og or\u00f0flokkur or\u00f0sins l\u00famskt"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00famskur <\/em>er komi\u00f0 inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld sem t\u00f6kuor\u00f0<\/a> \u00far lumsk <\/em>\u00ed d\u00f6nsku sem merkir<\/a> 'l\u00e6v\u00eds, sl\u00f3ttugur', 'inn undir sig'. A\u00f0 uppruna<\/a> er \u00feetta sama or\u00f0 og lymskur <\/em>sem kemur fyrir<\/a> \u00ed fornm\u00e1li, t.d. \u201e\u201eEkki er eg,\u201c sag\u00f0i Kn\u00fatur, \u201elymskari en \u00fe\u00e9r \u00fe\u00f3tt eg s\u00e9 skapbr\u00e1\u00f0ur\u201c\u201c \u00ed Sturlungu<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li \u2013 a\u00f0eins n\u00edtj\u00e1n d\u00e6mi eru um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>, m\u00f6rg hver \u00far g\u00f6mlum textum. Hins vegar lifir \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00ed samsetningum eins og lymskulegur<\/em>, lymskufullur<\/em>, lymskubrag\u00f0 <\/em>o.fl. \u00cd Vi\u00f0b\u00e6ti \u00cdslensk-danskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar <\/em>fr\u00e1 1963 er l\u00famskur <\/em>einfaldlega sk\u00fdrt 'lumsk', og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt 'undirf\u00f6rull, l\u00e6v\u00eds, lymskur'. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er sk\u00fdringin<\/a> einnig 'undirf\u00f6rull, l\u00e6v\u00eds'.<\/p>\n

En sk\u00fdringaror\u00f0in 'undirf\u00f6rull', 'l\u00e6v\u00eds', 'sl\u00f3ttugur' og \u201a'inn undir sig' eiga ekki alltaf vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00feau eru oft of neikv\u00e6\u00f0 og eiga einkum vi\u00f0 um lifandi verur, f\u00f3lk e\u00f0a d\u00fdr. \u00deannig er or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 sjaldnast nota\u00f0, heldur oftast um hluti, fyrirb\u00e6ri e\u00f0a hugmyndir \u2013 s\u00e9rstaklega hvorugkyni\u00f0 l\u00famskt<\/em> sem er langalgengasta myndin. \u00cd Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2020 segir: \u201eMargr\u00e9t \u00d3laf\u00eda segir a\u00f0 h\u00e1\u00fer\u00fdstingur geti veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g l\u00famskur.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2013 segir: \u201eH\u00fan er me\u00f0 l\u00famsk skot og \u00f3tr\u00falega gott auga fyrir leiknum.\u201c \u00cd Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2020 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00famskt markmi\u00f0 hj\u00e1 okkur a\u00f0 koma hvert \u00f6\u00f0ru \u00e1 \u00f3vart.\u201c \u00c1\u00f0urnefnd sk\u00fdringaror\u00f0 eiga ekki vi\u00f0 \u00fearna \u2013 heppilegra v\u00e6ri '\u00f3v\u00e6nt', 'laumulegt', 'sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 fara l\u00e1gt', 'l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00e1berandi', 'duli\u00f0', '\u00f3s\u00fdnilegt' o.\u00fe.h.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er vel \u00feekkt a\u00f0 hvorugkyn l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0a f\u00e6r oft setningarst\u00f6\u00f0u atviksor\u00f0s og er \u00fe\u00e1 i\u00f0ulega s\u00e9rstakt flettior\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum \u2013 sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna h\u00e1tt<\/em>, l\u00e1gt<\/em>, h\u00e6gt<\/em>, hratt<\/em>, br\u00e1tt<\/em>, flj\u00f3t<\/em>t <\/em>og m\u00f6rg fleiri sem or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur gefa upp sem atviksor\u00f0 eins og e\u00f0lilegt er. \u00dev\u00ed fer \u00fe\u00f3 fjarri a\u00f0 hvorugkyn allra l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0a s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt, og \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum er myndin l\u00famskt <\/em>sem atviksor\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9rstakt flettior\u00f0 \u2013 a\u00f0eins l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00famskur<\/em>. Notkunard\u00e6mi\u00f0<\/a> um \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er hafa l\u00famskt gaman af a\u00f0 <str\u00ed\u00f0a yfirmanninum><\/em>. D\u00e6mi um \u00feetta samband eru reyndar meira en helmingur af \u00f6llum d\u00e6mum um myndina l\u00famskt <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta \u00ed M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1952: \u201eH\u00f6f\u00f0u menn l\u00famskt gaman, a\u00f0 \u00feessum kennslustundum.\u201c<\/p>\n

N\u00fa er gaman <\/em>vissulega nafnor\u00f0, en mj\u00f6g s\u00e9rstakt nafnor\u00f0<\/a> a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 \u00ed sambandinu hafa gaman af <\/em>tekur \u00fea\u00f0 venjulega me\u00f0 s\u00e9r atviksor\u00f0 en ekki l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 eins og vi\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u2013 oftast er sagt mj\u00f6g gaman<\/em>, \u00e1kaflega gaman <\/em>en s\u00ed\u00f0ur miki\u00f0 gaman<\/em> og varla \u00e1kaft gaman<\/em>. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 gaman <\/em>er hvorugkynsor\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00fatiloka me\u00f0 \u00f6llu a\u00f0 l\u00famskt <\/em>s\u00e9 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 \u00feegar or\u00f0in standa saman, og h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 finna d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem sambandi\u00f0 fallbeygist og er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt um l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u2013 \u201eOg \u00e1 me\u00f0an mj\u00f3lkin soga\u00f0ist \u00far tanknum t\u00e6pti Bergur \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0indum af traktorakaupum, heyfeng og heimas\u00e6tum og r\u00e9\u00f0i unglingspiltum heilt \u00ed l\u00famsku gamni\u201c segir \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1992. En \u00feetta er eina d\u00e6mi\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi sem \u00e9g hef fundi\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 finna d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem l\u00famskt <\/em>stendur \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt sem atviksor\u00f0. \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1952 er tala\u00f0 um \u201et\u00f3lf af br\u00e6\u00f0rum \u00feeirra mor\u00f0ingja, sem svo l\u00famskt h\u00f6f\u00f0u unni\u00f0 \u00e1 hinum hr\u00f6ktu m\u00f6nnum\u201c. \u00deetta er sennilega \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00far d\u00f6nsku og g\u00e6ti notkun l\u00famskt <\/em>\u00fearna m\u00f3tast af \u00fev\u00ed, en n\u00f3g er af \u00f6\u00f0rum d\u00e6mum. \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1957 segir: \u201eUm leik Valeri ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 segjast, a\u00f0 hann er l\u00famskt g\u00f3\u00f0ur.\u201c \u00cd M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1959 segir: \u201eSumar h\u00fasm\u00e6\u00f0ur [\u2026] ur\u00f0u \u00ed rauninni ,,l\u00famskt\u201c fegnar eggjaleysinu.\u201c \u00cd Speglinum <\/em>1965 segir: \u201e\u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi m\u00e6tti svo nefna Akureyringa, sem oss grunar l\u00famskt a\u00f0 s\u00e9u Frams\u00f3knarmenn.\u201c \u00cd M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1965 segir: \u201eUstinov er oft helzti hjaldrj\u00fagur, l\u00famskt hrifinn af sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r.\u201c<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mum af \u00feessu tagi hefur fj\u00f6lga\u00f0 mj\u00f6g \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum og enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 gera atviksor\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00famskt <\/em>a\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku flettior\u00f0i \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum. Merking \u00feess er svipu\u00f0 merkingu l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0sins, en merkingin 'd\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0' e\u00f0a 'b\u00fdsna' vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 oft b\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 'laumulega'. \u00a0\u201eS\u00f6mulei\u00f0is hef \u00e9g l\u00famskt gaman af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 elda mat\u201c segir \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2016 og \u201ePabbi haf\u00f0i l\u00edka l\u00famskt gaman af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 setja saman v\u00edsur\u201c segir \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2016. \u00dearna finnst m\u00e9r merkingin eiginlega vera '\u00fea\u00f0 kemur kannski \u00e1 \u00f3vart, en \u00e9g hef b\u00fdsna gaman af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 elda mat' og '\u00fea\u00f0 kemur kannski \u00e1 \u00f3vart, en pabbi haf\u00f0i b\u00fdsna gaman af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 setja saman v\u00edsur'. S\u00e1 neikv\u00e6\u00f0i bl\u00e6r sem er \u00e1 'undirf\u00f6rull', 'l\u00e6v\u00eds' og 'sl\u00f3ttugur' er \u00fearna v\u00ed\u00f0s fjarri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00famskur er komi\u00f0 inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld sem t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 \u00far lumsk \u00ed d\u00f6nsku sem merkir 'l\u00e6v\u00eds, sl\u00f3ttugur', 'inn undir sig'. A\u00f0 uppruna er \u00feetta sama or\u00f0 og lymskur sem kemur fyrir \u00ed fornm\u00e1li, t.d. \u201e\u201eEkki er eg,\u201c sag\u00f0i Kn\u00fatur, \u201elymskari en \u00fe\u00e9r \u00fe\u00f3tt eg s\u00e9 skapbr\u00e1\u00f0ur\u201c\u201c \u00ed Sturlungu. \u00dea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7486"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7487,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486\/revisions\/7487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}