{"id":7540,"date":"2025-08-14T09:35:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T09:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7540"},"modified":"2025-08-14T09:50:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T09:50:22","slug":"eg-er-gagntekinn-altekinn-heltekinn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/08\/14\/eg-er-gagntekinn-altekinn-heltekinn\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9g er gagntekinn, altekinn, heltekinn . . ."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201e\u00c9g er gagntekinn, altekinn, heltekinn, tekinn \u00ed framan\u201c sungu Stu\u00f0menn eftirminnilega \u00ed myndinni <em>Me\u00f0 allt \u00e1 hreinu<\/em> fyrir meira en fj\u00f6rut\u00edu \u00e1rum. \u00cd innleggi \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u00ed g\u00e6r voru tv\u00f6 \u00feessara or\u00f0a til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u2013 innleggsh\u00f6fundur sag\u00f0ist geta veri\u00f0 <em>altekin <\/em>\u201eaf g\u00f3\u00f0ri hugmynd e\u00f0a tilfinningu t.d. gle\u00f0i e\u00f0a \u00feakkl\u00e6ti\u201c en alls ekki geta veri\u00f0 <em>heltekin<\/em> \u201eaf gle\u00f0i e\u00f0a f\u00f6gnu\u00f0i\u201c. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>eru b\u00e6\u00f0i or\u00f0in sk\u00fdr\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00far \u00feessum h\u00f3pi, 'gagntekinn', sem aftur er <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/14715\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'uppfullur af e-u'. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu eru or\u00f0in \u00ferj\u00fa samheiti \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 e\u00f0a l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1tturinn <em>heltekinn <\/em>ekki uppflettior\u00f0 heldur fellt undir s\u00f6gnina <em>heltaka<\/em>, en fyrsta sk\u00fdring hennar er 'dey\u00f0a, drepa' og \u00f6nnur 'gagntaka'.<\/p>\n<p>Fyrri hluti or\u00f0sins er v\u00e6ntanlega nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>hel<\/em>, 'hi\u00f0 kalda r\u00edki sem menn fara til eftir dau\u00f0ann' eins og <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/18886\">segir<\/a> \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Upphafleg merking sagnarinnar <em>heltaka<\/em> er \u00fev\u00ed \u00f6rugglega 'f\u00e6ra \u00ed r\u00edki dau\u00f0ra\u2018'og s\u00fa merking kemur gl\u00f6ggt fram \u00ed elstu d\u00e6mum. \u00cd <em>Ritum \u00feess \u00edslendska L\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistaf\u00e9lags <\/em>fr\u00e1 1786 segir um t\u00fan: \u201ever \u00feau frosti og h\u00f6rkum, sem annars heltekur \u00feau.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1871 segir: \u201efanst hann \u00fe\u00e1 br\u00e1tt heltekinn [...] og reyndist \u00f6rendur.\u201c \u00cd <em>Heilbrig\u00f0ist\u00ed\u00f0indum <\/em>1872 segir: \u201eallmargir drykkjumenn fara \u00e1 endanum \u00far krampa, er \u00feannig heltekur allan l\u00edkamann, a\u00f0 l\u00edfi\u00f0 slokknar \u00fat af allt \u00ed einu.\u201c \u00cd <em>L\u00fd\u00f0 <\/em>1890 segir: \u201e22. des. anda\u00f0ist Bogi P. P\u00e9tursson [...] \u00far sk\u00e6\u00f0ri lungnab\u00f3lgu, er helt\u00f3k hann af vosi eptir l\u00e6knisfer\u00f0ir.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta samr\u00e6mist vitanlega sk\u00fdringum sagnarinnar <em>heltaka <\/em>\u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>\u2013 \u00feau sem eru <em>heltekin <\/em>eru 'merkt dau\u00f0anum', en jafnframt er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u <em>gagntekin <\/em>af \u00fev\u00ed sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u2013 kulda, krampa, vosi o.s.frv. \u2013 \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 yfirtaki \u00feau. Sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt hefur merking sagnarinnar <em>heltaka<\/em> (og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0sins <em>heltekinn<\/em>) s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00feannig a\u00f0 dau\u00f0amerkingin dofnar e\u00f0a hverfur en merkingin 'gagntekinn' ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 eins og sk\u00fdringar or\u00f0anna \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>s\u00fdna. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir samt ekki a\u00f0 <em>heltekinn <\/em>og <em>gagntekinn <\/em>s\u00e9u alger samheiti og tilfinning \u00e1\u00f0urnefnds innleggsh\u00f6fundar fyrir merkingarmun \u00feeirra s\u00e9 \u00far lausu lofti gripin. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u2013 m\u00e1lnotendur gera almennt sk\u00fdran mun \u00e1 or\u00f0unum.<\/p>\n<p>Merkingarmunur or\u00f0anna <em>heltekinn <\/em>og <em>gagntekinn<\/em> vir\u00f0ist felast \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hi\u00f0 fyrrnefnda v\u00edsar til einhvers sem er sj\u00faklegt e\u00f0a fer yfir venjuleg m\u00f6rk \u2013 ver\u00f0ur \u00fer\u00e1hyggja. \u00dea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 vera <em>heltekinn af \u00e1st <\/em>eins og \u00ed Stu\u00f0mannalaginu \u00a0\u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 eru um 80 d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 samband \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, og um 20 \u00ed <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>. En \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1stin s\u00e9 \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r g\u00f3\u00f0 og j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0 getur h\u00fan samt veri\u00f0 eitru\u00f0 og \u00f3heilbrig\u00f0, og \u00fea\u00f0 eru engin d\u00e6mi um <em>heltekinn af hamingju<\/em>, <em>heltekinn af \u00e1n\u00e6gju<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>heltekinn af s\u00e6lu<\/em>, og a\u00f0eins eitt um <em>heltekinn af gle\u00f0i<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0in j\u00f6fnum h\u00f6ndum \u00ed neikv\u00e6\u00f0u samhengi, me\u00f0 or\u00f0um eins og <em>rei\u00f0i<\/em>, <em>hatur<\/em>, <em>illska<\/em> o.s.frv., en tengingin vi\u00f0 <em>hel <\/em>er enn til sta\u00f0ar \u00ed huga m\u00e1lnotenda \u2013 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum tilfinningu fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>heltekinn <\/em>s\u00e9 ekki j\u00e1kv\u00e6tt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201e\u00c9g er gagntekinn, altekinn, heltekinn, tekinn \u00ed framan\u201c sungu Stu\u00f0menn eftirminnilega \u00ed myndinni Me\u00f0 allt \u00e1 hreinu fyrir meira en fj\u00f6rut\u00edu \u00e1rum. \u00cd innleggi \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u00ed g\u00e6r voru tv\u00f6 \u00feessara or\u00f0a til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u2013 innleggsh\u00f6fundur sag\u00f0ist geta veri\u00f0 altekin \u201eaf g\u00f3\u00f0ri hugmynd e\u00f0a tilfinningu t.d. gle\u00f0i e\u00f0a \u00feakkl\u00e6ti\u201c en alls ekki geta veri\u00f0 heltekin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7540"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7542,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7540\/revisions\/7542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}