{"id":7568,"date":"2025-08-21T14:07:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T14:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7568"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:14:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T14:14:37","slug":"einkanir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/08\/21\/einkanir\/","title":{"rendered":"Einkanir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c s\u00e1 \u00e9g hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tiltekinn r\u00e1\u00f0ama\u00f0ur hef\u00f0i tala\u00f0 um \u201eeinkanir\u201c \u00ed \u00fatvarpsvi\u00f0tali. \u00dearna var um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu or\u00f0sins einkunn <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni<\/a> 'vitnisbur\u00f0ur fyrir frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00e1 pr\u00f3fi' og vissulega er vi\u00f0urkennd fleirtala<\/a> \u00feess ekki einkanir<\/em> heldur einkunnir<\/em>. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt einkun <\/em>r\u00edmi vi\u00f0 seinkun <\/em>er or\u00f0i\u00f0 mynda\u00f0 \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt \u2013 seinkun <\/em>er mynda\u00f0 af s\u00f6gninni seinka <\/em>me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu -un<\/em> og mikill fj\u00f6ldi kvenkynsor\u00f0a er mynda\u00f0ur af s\u00f6gn \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt. En fj\u00f6gur kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 -un<\/em> eru ekki myndu\u00f0 \u00feannig, heldur er seinni hluti \u00feeirra kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 kunn<\/em> sem merkir<\/a> 'eigind, kennimark', og \u00feess vegna eru \u00feau ritu\u00f0 me\u00f0 tveimur n<\/em>-um \u2013 \u00feetta eru or\u00f0in einkunn<\/em>, forkunn<\/em>, miskunn <\/em>og vorkunn<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00e1hersluleysi er enginn frambur\u00f0armunur \u00e1 einf\u00f6ldu og tv\u00f6f\u00f6ldu n<\/em> og \u00feess vegna hlj\u00f3mar seinni hluti \u00feessara or\u00f0a alveg eins og seinni hluti or\u00f0a mynda\u00f0ra me\u00f0 -un<\/em>. \u00dear sem s\u00ed\u00f0ari h\u00f3purinn er margfalt st\u00e6rri hafa m\u00e1lnotendur e\u00f0lilega tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 hafa bara eitt n<\/em> \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndum fj\u00f3rum or\u00f0um og skrifa einkun<\/em>, forkun<\/em>, miskun <\/em>og vorkun <\/em>me\u00f0 einu n<\/em>-i \u00ed sta\u00f0 hinna vi\u00f0urkenndu mynda einkunn<\/em>, forkunn<\/em>, miskunn <\/em>og vorkunn<\/em> \u2013 reyndar kemur forkunn<\/em> eiginlega aldrei fyrir nema \u00ed samsetningum eins og forkunnarfagur<\/em>, forkunnarvel <\/em>o.fl. Vi\u00f0 \u00feetta b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 or\u00f0in eru ekki gagns\u00e6 \u2013 or\u00f0i\u00f0 kunn <\/em>kemur aldrei fyrir eitt og s\u00e9r og m\u00e1lnotendur \u00feekkja \u00fev\u00ed ekki merkingu \u00feess. \u00deess vegna \u00fearf alltaf a\u00f0 kenna \u00feessi or\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed stafsetningarkennslu.<\/p>\n

Ritun umr\u00e6ddra fj\u00f6gurra or\u00f0a me\u00f0 einu n<\/em>-i \u00e1 s\u00e9r langa hef\u00f0, allt fr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u00ed \u00feremur \u00feeirra. \u00cd Nor\u00f0lingi <\/em>1876 segir: \u201e\u00d3lafur \u00d3lafsson fr\u00e1 Melsta\u00f0 [\u2026] me\u00f0 2. einkun 47 stig.\u201c \u00cd Skuld <\/em>1882 segir: \u201efengu b\u00e1\u00f0ir 2. betri einkun.\u201c \u00cd Fjallkonunni <\/em>1896 segir: \u201ea\u00f0 hann hafi hloti\u00f0 bl\u00e1tt \u00e1fram a\u00f0ra einkun.\u201c \u00cd Fj\u00f6lni <\/em>1838 segir: \u201eme\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ver\u00f0i sem hann af miskun sinni vill gjefa.\u201c \u00cd Nor\u00f0urfara <\/em>1849 segir: \u201ehelga moldir \u00feeirra me\u00f0 miskun \u00feinni.\u201c \u00cd Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1829 segir: \u201eAd hinu leytinu er \u00cdrskum mj\u00f6g vorkun.\u201c \u00cd Fj\u00f6lni <\/em>1863 segir: \u201e\u00c1 \u00feessu er aungvum manni vorkun a\u00f0 skinja, hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er r\u00e1ngt.\u201c Elstu d\u00e6mi um forkun <\/em>me\u00f0 einu n<\/em>-i eru nokkru yngri en \u00fe\u00f3 meira en hundra\u00f0 \u00e1ra. \u00cd Heimskringlu <\/em>1909 segir: \u201evar \u00fear teki\u00f0 forkunarvel \u00e1 m\u00f3ti okkur.\u201c<\/p>\n

En \u00feessi sams\u00f6mun or\u00f0anna vi\u00f0 \u00feau sem hafa vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -un<\/em> hefur ekki bara \u00e1hrif \u00e1 stafsetninguna, heldur einnig \u00e1 beyginguna. Or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -kunn<\/em> a\u00f0 seinni li\u00f0 eiga a\u00f0 f\u00e1 fleirt\u00f6luna -kunnir<\/em> en or\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -un<\/em> f\u00e1 fleirt\u00f6lu me\u00f0 -anir<\/em>, en vegna \u00e1hrifa fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda h\u00f3pnum f\u00e6r einkun<\/em>(n<\/em>) oft fleirt\u00f6luna einkanir<\/em>, sbr. seinkanir <\/em>\u2013 hin or\u00f0in \u00ferj\u00fa, forkunn<\/em>, miskunn<\/em> og vorkunn<\/em>, eru aldrei notu\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. \u00deessi beyging er vel \u00feekkt s\u00ed\u00f0an snemma \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld. \u00cd Vestra <\/em>1909 segir: \u201eeru \u00fear birtar einkanir hvers f\u00e9lagsmanns.\u201c \u00cd Dagsbr\u00fan <\/em>1915 segir: \u201e\u00c9g f\u00f3r a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 lesa \u00far andliti hans hugsanir og lyndiseinkanir.\u201c \u00cd Fr\u00e9ttum <\/em>1918 segir: \u201eeinkanirnar fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 munnlega voru svo l\u00e1gar, a\u00f0 t\u00e6past svara\u00f0i me\u00f0al-frammist\u00f6\u00f0u.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00e1tt hafi veri\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00f0 meiri \u00e1hersla \u00ed stafsetningarkennslu undanfarinna \u00e1ratuga en a\u00f0 or\u00f0in einkunn<\/em>, forkunn<\/em>, miskunn <\/em>og vorkunn<\/em> eigi a\u00f0 rita me\u00f0 tveimur n<\/em>-um er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 myndirnar einkun<\/em>, miskun<\/em> og vorkun <\/em>lifa g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00ed ritm\u00e1li almennings. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru h\u00e1tt \u00ed 2.400 d\u00e6mi um eint\u00f6lumyndir af einkun<\/em>, fimm hundru\u00f0 um eint\u00f6lumyndir af miskun <\/em>og h\u00e1lft fj\u00f3rt\u00e1nda hundra\u00f0 um eint\u00f6lumyndir af vorkun<\/em>. En \u00feetta tekur ekki bara til rith\u00e1ttar \u2013 h\u00e1tt \u00ed sj\u00f6 hundru\u00f0 d\u00e6mi eru um fleirt\u00f6luna einkanir<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fdtir enn undir \u00feessa beygingu \u00e1 einkun<\/em>(n<\/em>) a\u00f0 til er or\u00f0i\u00f0 tileinkun <\/em>sem er mynda\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu -un<\/em> af s\u00f6gninni tileinka <\/em>(\u00f3samsetta s\u00f6gnin einka <\/em>var til<\/a> \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li en er horfin \u00far m\u00e1linu) og \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 f\u00e6r fleirt\u00f6luna tileinkanir<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g er almennt s\u00e9\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningsma\u00f0ur samr\u00e6mdrar stafsetningar og fastra stafsetningarreglna, en hins vegar hef \u00e9g lengi veri\u00f0 \u00feeirrar sko\u00f0unar a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 einfalda reglur um einrita\u00f0 og tv\u00edrita\u00f0 n <\/em>\u00ed endingum or\u00f0a og rita bara einfalt n<\/em> enda enginn frambur\u00f0armunur \u00e1 n<\/em> og nn<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feessu tilviki hangir a\u00f0 v\u00edsu d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 meira \u00e1 sp\u00fdtunni vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 -kunn<\/em> er upphaflega sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt or\u00f0 en hvorki vi\u00f0skeyti n\u00e9 beygingarending \u2013 einkunn <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed samsett or\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt seinkun <\/em>s\u00e9 afleitt. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 \u00feessi tengsl vi\u00f0 upprunann glatist ef fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 skrifa or\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 einu n<\/em>-i. En tengslin vi\u00f0 upprunann eru hvort e\u00f0 er ekki fyrir hendi \u00ed huga venjulegra m\u00e1lnotenda sem ekki \u00feekkja or\u00f0i\u00f0 kunn<\/em>. \u00c9g myndi vilja leyfa rith\u00e1ttinn einkun <\/em>\u2013 og fleirt\u00f6luna einkanir<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c s\u00e1 \u00e9g hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tiltekinn r\u00e1\u00f0ama\u00f0ur hef\u00f0i tala\u00f0 um \u201eeinkanir\u201c \u00ed \u00fatvarpsvi\u00f0tali. \u00dearna var um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu or\u00f0sins einkunn \u00ed merkingunni 'vitnisbur\u00f0ur fyrir frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00e1 pr\u00f3fi' og vissulega er vi\u00f0urkennd fleirtala \u00feess ekki einkanir heldur einkunnir. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt einkun r\u00edmi vi\u00f0 seinkun er or\u00f0i\u00f0 mynda\u00f0 \u00e1 annan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7568"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7571,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7568\/revisions\/7571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}