{"id":7575,"date":"2025-08-22T14:35:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T14:35:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7575"},"modified":"2025-08-22T14:35:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T14:35:09","slug":"einu-sinni-malvilla-alltaf-malvilla-eda-hvad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/08\/22\/einu-sinni-malvilla-alltaf-malvilla-eda-hvad\/","title":{"rendered":"Einu sinni m\u00e1lvilla, alltaf m\u00e1lvilla \u2013 e\u00f0a hva\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd gagnr\u00fdni \u00e1 m\u00e1lfar mennta- og barnam\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00ed vi\u00f0tali \u00e1 Bylgjunni <\/em>\u00ed g\u00e6r hefur veri\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feriggja atri\u00f0a \u00fear sem m\u00e1lnotkun hans samr\u00e6mdist ekki venjulegum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um \u2013 hann sag\u00f0i \u201em\u00e9r hlakkar til\u201c og \u201e\u00e9g vill\u201c og nota\u00f0i fleirt\u00f6luna \u201eeinkanir\u201c. \u00c9g bar \u00ed b\u00e6tifl\u00e1ka fyrir \u00feetta, benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 allt \u00e1 \u00feetta s\u00e9r margra \u00e1ratuga s\u00f6gu \u00ed m\u00e1linu og er mj\u00f6g \u00fatbreitt, a.m.k. tvennt \u00fea\u00f0 fyrrnefnda, og sj\u00e1lfur er \u00e9g alinn upp vi\u00f0 einkanir<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 hafi kannski aldrei veri\u00f0 mitt m\u00e1l. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c sag\u00f0i \u00d3l\u00edna \u00deorvar\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir: \u201e\u00c6, g\u00f3\u00f0i Eir\u00edkur, \u00feetta eru m\u00e1lvillur\u201c og b\u00e6tti vi\u00f0: \u201e\u00feetta er ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sem skilgreint og kennt hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega r\u00e9tt \u2013 en hva\u00f0a forsendur eru fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 telja \u00feetta rangt?<\/p>\n

Hef\u00f0bundin skilgreining \u00e1 \u201er\u00e9ttu\u201c m\u00e1li og \u201er\u00f6ngu\u201c var fyrst sett fram \u00e1ri\u00f0 1986 \u00ed \u00e1litsger\u00f0 nefndar um m\u00e1lv\u00f6ndun og frambur\u00f0arkennslu \u00ed grunnsk\u00f3lum sem menntam\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra skipa\u00f0i, og hlj\u00f3\u00f0ar svo: \u201eNau\u00f0synlegt er a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig vel \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l<\/strong> er \u00fea\u00f0 sem er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lvenju, rangt<\/strong> er \u00fea\u00f0 sem br\u00fdtur \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lvenju.\u201c R\u00e6tur \u00feessarar skilgreiningar eru raunar \u00ed grein eftir Baldur J\u00f3nsson sem birtist<\/a> fyrst \u00ed Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/em>1973: \u201eEf venjur m\u00e1lsins eru virtar, er m\u00e1li\u00f0 r\u00e9tt<\/strong>. Ef \u00fe\u00e6r eru brotnar, er m\u00e1li\u00f0 rangt<\/strong>.\u201c Ari P\u00e1ll Kristinsson or\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00feetta svo \u00ed grein<\/a> \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum <\/em>2002: \u201eR\u00e9tt \u00edslenskt m\u00e1l er m\u00e1lnotkun sem samr\u00e6mist (einhverri) \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lvenju en rangt \u00edslenskt m\u00e1l samr\u00fdmist engri \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lvenju.\u201c<\/p>\n

Allar \u00feessar skilgreiningar byggjast \u00e1 hugtakinu m\u00e1lvenja <\/em>en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki skilgreint og svo sem h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 deila um hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merki. \u00c9g hef sett fram fimm vi\u00f0mi\u00f0<\/a> um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0a skilyr\u00f0i tilteki\u00f0 m\u00e1lfarsatri\u00f0i \u00feurfi a\u00f0 uppfylla til a\u00f0 geta talist m\u00e1lvenja<\/em> en \u00feau eru vitanlega umdeilanleg. En \u00ed lj\u00f3si aldurs og t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00e1\u00f0urnefndra \u00feriggja atri\u00f0a s\u00e9 \u00e9g ekki a\u00f0 nokkur vafi geti leiki\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u m\u00e1lvenja einhvers hluta m\u00e1lnotenda \u2013 vitanlega ekki allra, en ekkert er \u00fev\u00ed til fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 tv\u00e6r e\u00f0a fleiri mismunand m\u00e1lvenjur s\u00e9u \u00ed gangi samt\u00edmis eins og s\u00e9st \u00e1 skilgreiningu Ara P\u00e1ls, \u201esamr\u00e6mist (einhverri) \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lvenju.\u201c \u00deess vegna \u00e6ttu \u00feessi \u00ferj\u00fa atri\u00f0i \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt a\u00f0 teljast \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c en ekki \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c samkv\u00e6mt vi\u00f0urkenndum skilgreiningum.<\/p>\n

En samt er haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 kenna \u00feau sem \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er \u00f3tr\u00faleg \u00edhaldssemi \u00ed \u00edslenskukennslu og vi\u00f0horfum til tungum\u00e1lsins. Um flokkinn m\u00e1lvillur <\/em>m\u00e1 segja eins og sagt er um konungsgar\u00f0 \u00ed Egils s\u00f6gu<\/em>, a\u00f0 hann er \u201er\u00famur inngangs en \u00fer\u00f6ngur brottfarar\u201c. Ef f\u00f3lk hefur alist upp vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tilteki\u00f0 atri\u00f0i s\u00e9 tali\u00f0 \u201em\u00e1lvilla\u201c er eins og \u00fea\u00f0 eigi \u00e1kaflega erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka \u00fea\u00f0 atri\u00f0i \u00ed s\u00e1tt sem \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00f6ll r\u00f6k hn\u00edgi til \u00feess. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 breytist m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u2013 m\u00e1lvenjur falla \u00ed skuggann og n\u00fdjar koma upp. Sumar hverfa aftur en a\u00f0rar festast \u00ed sessi, og \u00e6ttu \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ta vi\u00f0urkenningu sem \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1\u00f0urnefndum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um. En m\u00f6rg vir\u00f0ast vera f\u00f6st \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00feau l\u00e6r\u00f0u a\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u201em\u00e1lvilla\u201c ver\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 um aldur og \u00e6vi.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3 er au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem vi\u00f0mi\u00f0in hafa breyst. Sagnirnar vona <\/em>og v\u00e6nta <\/em>t\u00f3ku stundum \u00feolfallsfrumlag<\/a> \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u2013 \u201emig vonar\u201c skrifa\u00f0i J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson \u00ed Fj\u00f6lni <\/em>1835 og \u201emig v\u00e6ntir\u201c skrifa\u00f0i Konr\u00e1\u00f0 G\u00edslason \u00ed sama rit 1838. Sagnirnar fj\u00f6lga <\/em>og f\u00e6kka <\/em>t\u00f3ku nefnifallsfrumlag<\/a> \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u2013 \u201ef\u00f3lki\u00f0 [\u2026] f\u00f3r a\u00f0 f\u00e6kka\u201c og \u201eheimab\u00e6ndur fj\u00f6lga\u201c segir \u00ed Fj\u00f6lni <\/em>1839. Engum hefur samt dotti\u00f0 \u00ed hug a\u00f0 kalla \u00fea\u00f0 \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki\u201c \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 segjum n\u00fa f\u00f3lki f\u00e6kkar <\/em>og b\u00e6ndum fj\u00f6lgar<\/em>. \u00de\u00e1gufall af Egill <\/em>var<\/a> venjulega Egli <\/em>fram \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld \u2013 og tali\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c. Eignarfall eint\u00f6lu me\u00f0 greini af fa\u00f0ir <\/em>var<\/a> f\u00f6\u00f0ursins <\/em>\u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar \u2013 og l\u00edka tali\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c. Svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja upp atri\u00f0i sem hafa breyst s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

Einst\u00f6ku atri\u00f0i hafa \u00fe\u00f3 breyst \u00e1 seinni \u00e1rum. \u00deegar \u00e9g var \u00ed sk\u00f3la \u00fe\u00f3tti hin herfilegasta m\u00e1lvilla a\u00f0 segja<\/a> \u00feora \u00fev\u00ed<\/em>, en \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eS\u00f6gnin \u00feora<\/strong> st\u00fdr\u00f0i upprunalega \u00feolfalli en er n\u00fa l\u00edka farin a\u00f0 st\u00fdra \u00fe\u00e1gufalli. B\u00e6\u00f0i kemur \u00fev\u00ed til greina a\u00f0 segja \u00e9g \u00feori \u00fea\u00f0 ekki<\/em> og \u00e9g \u00feori \u00fev\u00ed ekki<\/em>.\u201c Eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur s\u00fdnist m\u00e9r \u00feora \u00fev\u00ed <\/em>enn i\u00f0ulega vera tali\u00f0 \u201em\u00e1lvilla\u201c. Og \u00feetta vekur au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 spurningu hvers vegna ekki \u201ekemur til greina\u201c a\u00f0 mati<\/a> M\u00e1lfarsbankans<\/em> a\u00f0 segja b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e9g hlakka til <\/em>og mig<\/em>\/m\u00e9r hlakkar til<\/em> \u2013 \u00fear er vitanlega \u00f3umdeilanlegt a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin hlakka<\/em> er \u201en\u00fa l\u00edka farin a\u00f0 st\u00fdra \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u201c \u00e1 frumlagi s\u00ednu. \u00dearna r\u00edkir \u201eskipulagslaus \u00edhaldssemi\u201c svo a\u00f0 \u00e9g v\u00edsi \u00ed grein<\/a> m\u00edna um \u00edslenska m\u00e1lstefnu \u00ed Sk\u00edmu <\/em>1985 (sem ekki m\u00e6ltist alls sta\u00f0ar vel fyrir).<\/p>\n

\u00deegar \u00e9g h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c a\u00f0 umr\u00e6dd atri\u00f0i \u00e6ttu ekki a\u00f0 teljast \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c voru vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0in m.a. \u201eJa h\u00e9rna, allt mitt \u00edslenskun\u00e1m til einskis\u201c sem er vitanlega dapurlegur vitnisbur\u00f0ur \u2013 anna\u00f0hvort um \u00edslenskukennsluna sem h\u00f6fundur hefur fengi\u00f0 e\u00f0a um \u00fea\u00f0 sem h\u00fan skynja\u00f0i sem a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i hennar. En vegna \u00feeirrar \u00e1herslu sem hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 kenna \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c skil \u00e9g vel a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk eigi erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 kyngja \u00fev\u00ed ef eitthva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 kennt a\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201em\u00e1lvilla\u201c er allt \u00ed einu \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u lagi. Einu sinni h\u00e9lt \u00e9g \u00fev\u00ed fram<\/a> a\u00f0 \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 treg\u00f0u okkar til a\u00f0 taka m\u00e1lbreytingar \u00ed s\u00e1tt, jafnvel \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r eru l\u00f6ngu or\u00f0nar m\u00e1lvenja, l\u00e6gi hugmyndin: \u00deetta er rangt af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 kennt svo lengi a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 rangt.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd gagnr\u00fdni \u00e1 m\u00e1lfar mennta- og barnam\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00ed vi\u00f0tali \u00e1 Bylgjunni \u00ed g\u00e6r hefur veri\u00f0 v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feriggja atri\u00f0a \u00fear sem m\u00e1lnotkun hans samr\u00e6mdist ekki venjulegum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um \u2013 hann sag\u00f0i \u201em\u00e9r hlakkar til\u201c og \u201e\u00e9g vill\u201c og nota\u00f0i fleirt\u00f6luna \u201eeinkanir\u201c. \u00c9g bar \u00ed b\u00e6tifl\u00e1ka fyrir \u00feetta, benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 allt \u00e1 \u00feetta s\u00e9r margra \u00e1ratuga […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7575"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7576,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7575\/revisions\/7576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}