{"id":7589,"date":"2025-08-28T08:36:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T08:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7589"},"modified":"2025-08-28T08:36:40","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T08:36:40","slug":"helling-af-berjum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/08\/28\/helling-af-berjum\/","title":{"rendered":"Helling af berjum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var spurt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c um or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>hellingur <\/em>\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/18950\">merkingunni<\/a> 'miki\u00f0 af einhverju' sem fyrirspyrjandi sag\u00f0ist hafa \u00ed karlkyni en heyra oft \u00ed kvenkyni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er virtist \u2013 \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er alveg helling af berjum \u00ed St\u00edfluh\u00f3lum\u201c. J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson <a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/73976\">skrifa\u00f0i<\/a> um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed einum af \u00fe\u00e1ttum s\u00ednum sem birtir eru \u00ed <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> og sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 notkun \u00feess v\u00e6ri \u201eeinkum bundin vi\u00f0 talm\u00e1l og m\u00e1l l\u00ed\u00f0andi stundar, og \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u201eekki gamalt \u00ed \u00edslensku\u201c \u2013 elstu d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed <em>Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans v\u00e6ru fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri tuttugustu \u00f6ld. V\u00edsunin er auglj\u00f3s, sag\u00f0i J\u00f3n enn fremur: \u201e<em>Hellingur<\/em> merkir upphaflega '\u00fea\u00f0 sem hellt er' en f\u00e6r s\u00ed\u00f0an merkinguna 'hellidemba' og s\u00fa merking vir\u00f0ist liggja til grundvallar merkingunni 'miki\u00f0 magn; eitthva\u00f0 miki\u00f0'.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>En undanfari karlkynsor\u00f0sins <em>hellingur <\/em>er kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>helling <\/em>sem er gefi\u00f0 \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 \u00ed \u00feremur merkingum \u2013 '\u00fathelling', 'austur\u2018 og 'steypiregn'. S\u00ed\u00f0astnefnda merkingin er merkt \u201eVf.\u201c, \u00fe.e. talin bundin vi\u00f0 Vestfir\u00f0i. Karlkynsmyndin <em>hellingur <\/em>er ekki \u00ed b\u00f3kinni en er hins vegar komin inn \u00ed <em>Vi\u00f0b\u00e6ti <\/em>hennar fr\u00e1 1963, sem og \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenska or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>\u00fear sem h\u00fan er sk\u00fdr\u00f0 annars vegar 'hellidemba' sem sagt er \u201estb.\u201c, \u00fe.e. sta\u00f0bundi\u00f0, og hins vegar 'miki\u00f0 magn, e-\u00f0 miki\u00f0'. Merkingin 'hellidemba' \u00ed karlkynsor\u00f0inu <em>hellingur <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed \u00e6ttu\u00f0 fr\u00e1 kvenkynsor\u00f0inu <em>helling<\/em> sem merkir upphaflega '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hella' e\u00f0a '\u00fea\u00f0 sem hellt er' \u2013 hins vegar er \u00f3v\u00edst a\u00f0 karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 hafi nokkurn t\u00edma haft \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu.<\/p>\n<p>Elsta <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/187085\">d\u00e6mi<\/a> um <em>helling <\/em>er \u00ed latnesk-\u00edslensku or\u00f0ab\u00f3kinni <em>Nucleus Latinitatis <\/em>eftir J\u00f3n \u00c1rnason fr\u00e1 1738: \u201eHelling \u00far einn \u00ed anna\u00f0\u201c sem er sk\u00fdring \u00e1 <em>transfusio<\/em>. \u00cd <em>\u00cdsafold <\/em>1889 segir: \u201ealt af hjelzt sama hellingin \u00far loptinu.\u201c En d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed <em>Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans eru f\u00e1 og m\u00e1 rekja flest til Vestfjar\u00f0a sem r\u00edmar vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem segir \u00ed <em>\u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> \u2013 eitt \u00feeirra er \u00far <em>Konunginum \u00e1 K\u00e1lfskinni <\/em>eftir Gu\u00f0mund G. Hagal\u00edn fr\u00e1 1945: \u201e\u00deetta er n\u00fa soddan helling \u00far loftinu.\u201c Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti eru samsetningarnar <em>\u00fathelling <\/em>(t.d. <em>t\u00e1ra<\/em>) og <em>bl\u00f3\u00f0s\u00fathelling <\/em>(sem oftast er \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu, <em>bl\u00f3\u00f0s\u00fathellingar<\/em>) algengar allt fr\u00e1 sext\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. Yngri eru svo samsetningar eins og <em>\u00e1helling<\/em>, <em>ni\u00f0urhelling<\/em>, <em>umhelling<\/em>, <em>upp\u00e1helling<\/em>, <em>yfirhelling <\/em>og fleiri.<\/p>\n<p>En karlkynsmyndin <em>hellingur<\/em>, \u00ed venjulegri n\u00fat\u00edmamerkingu, g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 talsvert eldri en J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson taldi. \u00cd <em>Almanaki fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 1903<\/em> segir: \u201eBrezka stj\u00f3rnin gj\u00f6r\u00f0i fr\u00e9tta\u00fer\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign og l\u00e6kka\u00f0i ver\u00f0 \u00e1 hra\u00f0skeytum um helling.\u201c A\u00f0 v\u00edsu er \u00feetta ekki \u00f6ruggt d\u00e6mi vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 <em>-ing<\/em> f\u00e1i n\u00fana endinguna <em>-u <\/em>\u00ed \u00feolfalli voru \u00feau \u00e1\u00f0ur endingarlaus og \u00fev\u00ed er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 \u00fearna s\u00e9 um kvenkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>helling <\/em>a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. En um 1940 ver\u00f0ur karlkyni\u00f0 algengt. \u00cd <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1939 segir: \u201eme\u00f0 skipinu er hellingur af prestum, nunnum og munkum.\u201c \u00cd <em>Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/em>1944 segir: \u201eSvo kom hellingur af tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0um br\u00f6ndurum.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00darvali <\/em>1945 segir: \u201eSegi\u00f0 \u00feeim a\u00f0 senda heilan helling.\u201c Fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma er svo fr\u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n<p>Eignarfallsmyndin <em>hellings<\/em>, sem hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vera karlkynsmynd, er \u00fe\u00f3 mun eldri \u00ed samsetningum \u00ed eldri merkingu. \u00cd <em>Reykv\u00edkingi <\/em>1893 segir: \u201etil a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 m\u00f3ti k\u00f6ldum hellings-regnsk\u00farum.\u201c \u00cd <em>Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/em>1932 segir: \u201ehann \u00e6tla\u00f0i a\u00f0 gera hellings sk\u00far \u00far einhverri \u00e1tt.\u201c \u00dearna er merkingin auglj\u00f3slega '\u00farhelli', en svo fara m\u00e1lnotendur a\u00f0 skynja \u00feetta sem \u00e1hersluor\u00f0 og tengingin vi\u00f0 rigningu hverfur. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 t.d. sj\u00e1 \u00ed <em>Sj\u00f3mannabla\u00f0inu V\u00edkingi <\/em>1950: \u201eef \u00feeir fengju reglulega t\u00f6rn \u00ed hellings fiskir\u00edi vestur \u00e1 Hala.\u201c \u00cd <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1956 segir: \u201eHellings s\u00edldvei\u00f0i \u00ed n\u00f3tt.\u201c Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fearna skrifa\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakt en er einnig oft haft \u00e1fast eftirfarandi or\u00f0i \u2013 \u201eSumir fengu hellingsafla\u201c segir \u00ed <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1963. En hlutverk \u00feess er \u00fea\u00f0 sama hvort sem heldur er.<\/p>\n<p>Kvenkynsmyndin <em>helling <\/em>\u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li g\u00e6ti vissulega veri\u00f0 leifar af eldri notkun kvenkynsins en \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 ekki tr\u00falegt vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e6r engin d\u00e6mi eru um kvenkyni\u00f0 undanfarin 80-100 \u00e1r. \u00dea\u00f0 er hins vegar au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hvernig kvenkyni\u00f0 g\u00e6ti hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00far karlkyninu. Ef sagt er t.d. <em>\u00e9g fann helling af berjum \u00ed St\u00edfluh\u00f3lum<\/em> vir\u00f0ist \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 <em>helling<\/em> s\u00e9 \u00feolfall karlkyns vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 kvenkynsor\u00f0 myndi enda \u00e1 <em>-u<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli \u2013 vera <em>hellingu<\/em>. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 langoftast kemur <em>af <\/em>\u00e1 eftir myndi <em>-u<\/em> venjulega falla brott \u00ed frambur\u00f0i \u2013 <em>helling<\/em>\u2019<em>af<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3tt framangreint d\u00e6mi s\u00e9 einr\u00e6tt \u00ed riti er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u00ed tali og vel hugsanlegt a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur skilji \u00fea\u00f0 sem kvenkyn, enda miklu fleiri kvenkynsor\u00f0 en karlkynsor\u00f0 me\u00f0 <em>-ing<\/em>-.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd g\u00e6r var spurt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c um or\u00f0i\u00f0 hellingur \u00ed merkingunni 'miki\u00f0 af einhverju' sem fyrirspyrjandi sag\u00f0ist hafa \u00ed karlkyni en heyra oft \u00ed kvenkyni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er virtist \u2013 \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er alveg helling af berjum \u00ed St\u00edfluh\u00f3lum\u201c. J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson skrifa\u00f0i um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed einum af \u00fe\u00e1ttum s\u00ednum sem birtir eru \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum og [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7589"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7590,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7589\/revisions\/7590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}