{"id":7721,"date":"2025-10-29T23:04:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T23:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7721"},"modified":"2025-11-01T10:26:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T10:26:15","slug":"mig-thvarr-kjark-eda-mer-thvarr-kjarkur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/10\/29\/mig-thvarr-kjark-eda-mer-thvarr-kjarkur\/","title":{"rendered":"Mig \u00fevarr kjark \u2013 e\u00f0a m\u00e9r \u00fevarr kjarkur"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur hva\u00f0a frumlagsfall \u00e6tti a\u00f0 nota me\u00f0 s\u00f6gninni \u00feverra <\/em>\u2013 \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota nefnifall og segja kjarkurinn<\/strong> \u00fevarr <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00feolfall og segja kjarkinn<\/strong> \u00fevarr<\/em>? \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er s\u00f6gnin a\u00f0eins s\u00fdnd<\/a> me\u00f0 nefnifallsfrumlagi en \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eS\u00f6gnin \u00feverra<\/strong> getur veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 \u00f3pers\u00f3nulega og stendur \u00fe\u00e1 me\u00f0 henni frumlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli. Mig \u00feverr kraft.<\/em> Yfirleitt er \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00f6gnin notu\u00f0 pers\u00f3nulega. Kraftarnir \u00feurru. Kraftarnir hafa \u00feorri\u00f0.<\/em>\u201c \u00dearna er \u00fev\u00ed nefnifall ef s\u00f6gnin er \u00e1hrifslaus (\u00e1n andlags) en \u00feolfallsfrumlag me\u00f0 andlagi. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og<\/a> Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>eru \u00feessar tv\u00e6r setningager\u00f0ir nefndar, en einnig s\u00fa \u00feri\u00f0ja \u2013 dagsbirtuna \u00fevarr<\/em> \u00fear sem frumlagi\u00f0 er \u00ed \u00feolfalli \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin s\u00e9 \u00e1n andlags.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>og \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>ber saman um a\u00f0 s\u00e9 s\u00f6gnin \u00e1hrifss\u00f6gn standi b\u00e6\u00f0i frumlag og andlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli \u2013 mig<\/em><\/strong> \u00feverr kraft<\/em>, manninn<\/em><\/strong> \u00fevarr kjark<\/em>. En \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 andlagi\u00f0 geti l\u00edka veri\u00f0 \u00ed nefnifalli \u2013 manninn \u00fevarr kjarkur<\/strong><\/em>. \u00cd Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>eru s\u00f6mu setningager\u00f0ir nefndar, og auk \u00feess d\u00e6mi um \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlag. \u00dear eru nefnd d\u00e6min gestina<\/em><\/strong> \u00fevarr m\u00e1tt <\/em>og henni<\/em><\/strong> \u00fevarr allur m\u00e1ttur<\/strong><\/em> \u00fear sem \u00feolfallsandlag fylgir \u00feolfallsfrumlagi en nefnifallsandlag fylgir \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlagi. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feekkt mynstur hj\u00e1 s\u00f6gnum \u00fear sem frumlagi\u00f0 hvarflar milli \u00feolfalls og \u00fe\u00e1gufalls \u2013 \u00feannig er t.d. venjulega sagt mig<\/em><\/strong> brast kjark <\/em>en hins vegar m\u00e9r<\/em><\/strong> brast kjarkur<\/strong><\/em>, en yfirleitt ekki mig<\/em><\/strong> brast kjarkur<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt hvorki or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur n\u00e9 M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>nefni a\u00f0 \u00feverra <\/em>geti teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlag vir\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0 lengi hafa veri\u00f0 algengt \u2013 \u00e9g s\u00e9 reyndar ekki betur en a\u00f0 a.m.k. s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld hafi \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlag veri\u00f0 margfalt algengara en \u00feolfallsfrumlag og s\u00e9 enn, og \u00fev\u00ed fylgi n\u00e6r alltaf nefnifallsandlag. \u00cd I\u00f0unni <\/em>1884 segir: \u201e\u00deegar hinni d\u00f6kku sveit \u00fevarr r\u00f3mur.\u201c \u00cd Reykjav\u00edk <\/em>1904 segir: \u201eSvo f\u00f3r l\u00edka, a\u00f0 Valt\u00fdskunni \u00f3x heldur fylgi, en heimastj\u00f3rnarflokknum \u00fevarr \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 sama skapi.\u201c \u00cd Ver\u00f0i lj\u00f3s <\/em>1904 segir: \u201ehonum \u00fevarr allur m\u00e1ttur.\u201c \u00cd \u00cdsafold <\/em>1908 segir: \u201e\u00feeim \u00fevarr \u00ferek og \u00ferautseigja.\u201c \u00cd \u00cdsafold <\/em>1910 segir: \u201eMe\u00f0 ellinni \u00fevarr honum heilsa og \u00fer\u00f3ttur.\u201c N\u00e6stum \u00f6ll d\u00e6mi um \u00feverra <\/em>me\u00f0 andlagi \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>vir\u00f0ast hafa \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlag.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi um \u00feolfallsfrumlag eru vissulega til, en s\u00e1raf\u00e1. \u00cd Kirkjuritinu <\/em>1937 segir: \u201eHann \u00fevarr hvergi stilling n\u00e9 hugpr\u00fd\u00f0i.\u201c \u00cd Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2011 segir: \u201emig \u00fevarr \u00fathald til a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 T\u00edma nornarinnar s\u00ed\u00f0asta vor.\u201c \u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum s\u00e9st ekki hvort andlagi\u00f0 er \u00ed nefnifalli e\u00f0a \u00feolfalli (or\u00f0 eins og stilling<\/em> voru \u00e1\u00f0ur endingarlaus \u00ed \u00feolfalli). En \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna um hvort tveggja. \u00cd Faxa <\/em>1973 segir: \u201eMig \u00fevarr \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1tt\u201c en \u00ed Vikunni <\/em>1988 segir: \u201emig \u00fevarr allur m\u00e1ttur\u201c. Tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi eru s\u00e9rlega athyglisver\u00f0. \u00cd \u00fe\u00fdddri fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn \u00ed \u00darvali <\/em>1956 segir: \u201eEn g\u00e6sin brauzt um og reyndi a\u00f0 losa sig, unz hana \u00fevarr m\u00e1ttur a\u00f0 n\u00fdju\u201c en \u00ed sama texta \u00ed \u00c6skunni <\/em>1960 er setningin: \u201eEn g\u00e6sin brauzt um og reyndi a\u00f0 losa sig, unz hana \u00fevarr m\u00e1tt a\u00f0 n\u00fdju\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar \u00feverra <\/em>er \u00e1n andlags er frumlagi\u00f0 langoftast \u00ed nefnifalli eins og M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>segir, en d\u00e6mi um \u00feolfallsfrumlag eins og nefnd eru \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>eru \u00fe\u00f3 til. \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1960 segir: \u201ekraftana \u00fevarr n\u00fa undarlega flj\u00f3tt.\u201c \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1981 segir: \u201ejafnvel fr\u00e6gir sk\u00e1kmenn geta \u00e1tt von \u00e1 breytingum til hins verra \u00feegar aldurinn f\u00e6rist yfir e\u00f0a kraftana \u00feverr af einhverjum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1992 segir: \u201eS\u00e1 sem hana fremur, stingur sig \u00ed kvi\u00f0inn me\u00f0 hn\u00edfi e\u00f0a stuttu sver\u00f0i og ristir upp \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fear til m\u00e1ttinn \u00feverr.\u201c \u00cd Skagfir\u00f0ingab\u00f3k <\/em>1994 segir: \u201e\u00dear sem heilsu Stef\u00e1ns hraka\u00f0i n\u00e6stu \u00e1rin, m\u00e1ttinn \u00fevarr.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2000 segir: \u201e\u00feegar \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fevarr f\u00f3ru \u00feeir f\u00e9lagar a\u00f0 hl\u00e6ja af \u00e1setningi.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ekki ver\u00f0ur skilist vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gnina \u00feverra <\/em>\u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nefna a\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr beyg\u00f0ist h\u00fan i\u00f0ulega veikt. \u00cd athugasemd vi\u00f0 hana \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eAllm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um veika beygingu, \u00fet. \u00feverra\u00f0i<\/strong>, eru \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni og \u00e1 timarit.is, a\u00f0allega fr\u00e1 19. \u00f6ld, en \u00feeim fer f\u00e6kkandi me\u00f0 \u00e1runum.\u201c Sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 finna<\/a> \u00feegar \u00ed Gu\u00f0brandsbibl\u00edu <\/em>fr\u00e1 1584: \u201evi\u00f0smj\u00f6ri\u00f0 \u00ed kr\u00fasinni \u00feverra\u00f0i ekki.\u201c N\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0armyndir sagnarinnar voru einnig i\u00f0ulega veikar \u2013 \u00ed Heima er bezt <\/em>1961 segir t.d.: \u201eEn sigurgle\u00f0i fulltr\u00faans \u00feverrar br\u00e1tt.\u201c B\u00e6\u00f0i sterk og veik beyging er gefin \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og ekki gert upp \u00e1 milli. Veika beygingin vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 algeng fram yfir mi\u00f0ja tuttugustu \u00f6ld, en er n\u00fa l\u00edklega n\u00e6r horfin \u2013 en reyndar er s\u00f6gnin ekki algeng.<\/p>\n

Spurningunni sem \u00e9g nefndi \u00ed upphafi svara\u00f0i \u00e9g \u2013 \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00e9g haf\u00f0i kanna\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 vandlega: \u201e\u00c9g held a\u00f0 \u00f6ruggara s\u00e9 a\u00f0 hafa nefnifall \u00fearna en \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti alveg verja \u00feolfalli\u00f0 l\u00edka.\u201c M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>gerir r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir nefnifalli eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir en \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi eru um \u00feolfall og varla h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00edta alveg fram hj\u00e1 \u00feeim. Hins vegar er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi M\u00e1lfarsbankans <\/em>um notkun \u00feverra <\/em>me\u00f0 andlagi \u00fear sem b\u00e6\u00f0i frumlag og andlag eru \u00ed \u00feolfalli, mig<\/em><\/strong> \u00feverr kraft<\/strong><\/em>, er ekki \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundna m\u00e1lnotkun \u2013 allt fr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld hefur s\u00f6gnin \u00ed yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluta tilvika veri\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufallsfrumlagi og nefnifallsandlagi, m\u00e9r<\/em><\/strong> \u00feverr kraftur<\/strong><\/em>. Engar forsendur eru fyrir \u00f6\u00f0ru en telja \u00feetta r\u00e9tta \u2013 og e\u00f0lilegustu \u2013 notkun sagnarinnar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur hva\u00f0a frumlagsfall \u00e6tti a\u00f0 nota me\u00f0 s\u00f6gninni \u00feverra \u2013 \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota nefnifall og segja kjarkurinn \u00fevarr e\u00f0a \u00feolfall og segja kjarkinn \u00fevarr? \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k er s\u00f6gnin a\u00f0eins s\u00fdnd me\u00f0 nefnifallsfrumlagi en \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum segir: \u201eS\u00f6gnin \u00feverra getur veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 \u00f3pers\u00f3nulega og stendur \u00fe\u00e1 me\u00f0 henni frumlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli. Mig \u00feverr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7721"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7731,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7721\/revisions\/7731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}