{"id":7768,"date":"2025-11-20T17:46:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T17:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7768"},"modified":"2025-11-20T17:46:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T17:46:29","slug":"haefilegleikar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/11\/20\/haefilegleikar\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e6fi(leg)leikar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd n\u00fd\u00fatkominni b\u00f3k sem \u00e9g var a\u00f0 lesa, Utanveltuma\u00f0ur <\/em>eftir Valdimar Gunnarsson, staldra\u00f0i \u00e9g vi\u00f0 tilvitnun \u00ed grein eftir J\u00f3n Jensson \u00ed \u00cdsafold <\/em>1894 \u00fear sem segir: \u201emjer var alveg \u00f3kunnugt um h\u00e6filegleika hr. Fr. B. A. \u00ed \u00feessu efni og \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegleik hans\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 voru or\u00f0in h\u00e6fileg<\/strong>leikur <\/em>(e\u00f0a h\u00e6fileg<\/strong>leiki<\/em>) og \u00e1rei\u00f0anleg<\/strong>leikur<\/em> sem komu m\u00e9r sp\u00e1nskt fyrir sj\u00f3nir \u2013 \u00e9g hef\u00f0i sleppt vi\u00f0skeytinu -leg- <\/em>\u00far or\u00f0unum og tala\u00f0 um h\u00e6fileika <\/em>og \u00e1rei\u00f0anleik<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 athugun kom \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 lengri myndir \u00fdmissa sl\u00edkra or\u00f0a t\u00ed\u00f0ku\u00f0ust \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr. \u00cd Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>er a\u00f0 finna 85 or\u00f0<\/a> af \u00feessu tagi, \u00fear af nokkrar tv\u00edmyndir me\u00f0 -legleiki <\/em>e\u00f0a -legleikur<\/em>, en f\u00e6st \u00feessara or\u00f0a ef nokkur er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6rg or\u00f0anna eru aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00ed \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 \u00feau hafa veri\u00f0 \u00feekkt \u00ed byrjun s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar. Me\u00f0al or\u00f0a af \u00feessu tagi sem vir\u00f0ast hafa veri\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 algeng er eiginlegleiki<\/em>. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201eOr\u00f0ab\u00f3kin\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2003 segir<\/a> J\u00f3n A\u00f0alsteinn J\u00f3nsson: \u201eFyrr \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0 var tala\u00f0 um eiginlegleika manna, en s\u00ed\u00f0ar breyttist \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed eiginleika. \u00deannig er m\u00e1l okkar \u00e1 s\u00edfelldri hreyfingu.\u201c \u00d6nnur algeng or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -legleik- <\/em>eru t.d. innilegleiki<\/em>\/-leikur<\/em>, maklegleiki<\/em>\/-leikur<\/em>, m\u00f6gulegleiki<\/em>\/-leikur<\/em>, verulegleiki<\/em>\/-leikur<\/em>, og \u00fdmis fleiri. \u00d6ll hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 styst \u00feannig a\u00f0 -leg- <\/em>hefur falli\u00f0 brott og eru n\u00fa innileiki<\/em>, makleiki<\/em>, m\u00f6guleiki<\/em> og veruleiki<\/em>. \u00cd \u00f6llum tilvikum eru styttri myndirnar margfalt algengari en \u00fe\u00e6r lengri.<\/p>\n

Sameiginlegt lengri myndunum er a\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>vir\u00f0ist t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feeirra hafa veri\u00f0 mest kringum aldam\u00f3tin 1900 og \u00e1 fyrstu \u00e1ratugum tuttugustu aldar, en allar eru \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6far n\u00faor\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist l\u00edka lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 lengri myndirnar eru yfirleitt eldri. \u00deannig er elsta d\u00e6mi um eiginlegleika <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> fr\u00e1 1831 en \u00fea\u00f0 elsta um eiginleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1851; elsta d\u00e6mi um h\u00e6filegleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1822 en um h\u00e6fileika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1877; elsta d\u00e6mi um m\u00f6gulegleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1850 en um m\u00f6guleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1874; um verulegleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1844 en veruleika <\/em>fr\u00e1 1890; o.s.frv. \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 styttri myndirnar, \u00fe\u00e6r sem venjulegar eru \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li, hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 til vi\u00f0 styttingu myndanna me\u00f0 -leg- <\/em>frekar en a\u00f0 um sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a og \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0a or\u00f0myndun s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

\u00cd lengri myndunum koma vi\u00f0skeytin -leg- <\/em>og -leik-<\/em> hvort \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0ru, en um \u00fdmsar sl\u00edkar vi\u00f0skeytara\u00f0ir hefur \u00deorsteinn G. Indri\u00f0ason skrifa\u00f0<\/a> \u00ed Or\u00f0 og tungu <\/em>2021. Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -leg- <\/em>er skylt l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0inu l\u00edkur <\/em>og merking \u00feess er oft eitthva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt, 'l\u00edkur', 'sem l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 vera', 'sem minnir \u00e1' o.\u00fe.h. \u2013 kj\u00e1nalegur <\/em>er 'l\u00edkur kj\u00e1na' e\u00f0a 'sem l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 vera kj\u00e1ni', g\u00f3\u00f0legur <\/em>er 'sem l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 vera g\u00f3\u00f0ur'; en merkingin er oft mj\u00f6g \u00f3lj\u00f3s. \u201eVi\u00f0li\u00f0urinn -leikur<\/em>, -leiki<\/em>\u201c er skyldur nafnor\u00f0inu leikur <\/em>og einkum nota\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 mynda nafnor\u00f0 af l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um \u2013 \u201ehefur \u00ed \u00f6ndver\u00f0u v\u00edsast veri\u00f0 haf\u00f0ur me\u00f0 \u00feeim forli\u00f0um sem eiginleg merking hans h\u00e6f\u00f0i, s\u00ed\u00f0ar hefur hann or\u00f0i\u00f0 algengari og merkingin \u00f3lj\u00f3sari\u201c segir<\/a> \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ekki ver\u00f0ur betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en styttri myndirnar hafi yfirleitt alveg s\u00f6mu merkingu og \u00fe\u00e6r lengri \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 heilt vi\u00f0skeyti s\u00e9 falli\u00f0 brott \u00far \u00feeim. \u00dar \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 -leg- <\/em>m\u00e1 \u00feannig missa sig m\u00e6tti \u00e6tla a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00fearna merkingarlaust. \u00deegar or\u00f0in sem nefnd eru h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan eru sko\u00f0u\u00f0 kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 merking -leg- <\/em>\u00ed grunnor\u00f0unum \u2013 \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegur<\/em>, eiginlegur<\/em>, h\u00e6filegur<\/em>, innilegur<\/em>, \u00a0maklegur<\/em>, m\u00f6gulegur<\/em>, verulegur <\/em>\u2013 er ekki mj\u00f6g lj\u00f3s. Hvert or\u00f0 fyrir sig hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0na merkingu sem heild, en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 fyrri hlutinn hafi einhverja afmarka\u00f0a merkingu \u2013 hva\u00f0 er t.d. inni- <\/em>\u00ed innilegur <\/em>e\u00f0a m\u00f6gu<\/em>- \u00ed m\u00f6gulegur<\/em>? \u00cd \u00feessum or\u00f0um hefur -leg-<\/em> \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00e1kve\u00f0na afmarka\u00f0a merkingu heldur hlutverk \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 hlutverk a\u00f0 mynda l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu -leiki<\/em>\/-leikur <\/em>m\u00e1 mynda nafnor\u00f0 af l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir, og \u00fea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 gert vi\u00f0 m\u00f6rg l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 sem myndu\u00f0 eru me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu -leg<\/em>- eins og d\u00e6min h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan s\u00fdna. En \u00fe\u00e1 eru or\u00f0in au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki lengur l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 og vi\u00f0skeytinu -leg- <\/em>sem haf\u00f0i enga afmarka\u00f0a merkingu heldur fyrst og fremst \u00fea\u00f0 hlutverk a\u00f0 b\u00faa til l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed raun ofauki\u00f0. \u00deess vegna er ekkert undarlegt a\u00f0 me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum falli \u00fea\u00f0 brott og or\u00f0in styttist. En \u00fe\u00f3tt flest g\u00f6mul or\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi hafi styst er l\u00edklega enn veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00faa til n\u00fd or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -legleik<\/em>-sem eiga \u00fe\u00e1 eftir a\u00f0 styttast. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>m\u00e1 finna sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi af samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum sem vir\u00f0ast vera n\u00fdleg, svo sem asnalegleiki<\/em>, lei\u00f0inlegleiki<\/em>, sorglegleiki<\/em> og fleiri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd n\u00fd\u00fatkominni b\u00f3k sem \u00e9g var a\u00f0 lesa, Utanveltuma\u00f0ur eftir Valdimar Gunnarsson, staldra\u00f0i \u00e9g vi\u00f0 tilvitnun \u00ed grein eftir J\u00f3n Jensson \u00ed \u00cdsafold 1894 \u00fear sem segir: \u201emjer var alveg \u00f3kunnugt um h\u00e6filegleika hr. Fr. B. A. \u00ed \u00feessu efni og \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegleik hans\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 voru or\u00f0in h\u00e6filegleikur (e\u00f0a h\u00e6filegleiki) og \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegleikur sem komu m\u00e9r sp\u00e1nskt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7768"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7769,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7768\/revisions\/7769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}