{"id":7784,"date":"2025-12-01T14:27:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7784"},"modified":"2025-12-01T14:27:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:27:42","slug":"beyging-fraendsemisorda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/12\/01\/beyging-fraendsemisorda\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyging fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eint\u00f6lubeyging fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0anna <em>fa\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>systir <\/em>og <em>d\u00f3ttir<\/em> er einst\u00f6k \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 \u00feau hafa <em>-i- <\/em>\u00ed endingunni \u00ed nefnifalli en <em>-u<\/em>- \u00ed \u00f6llum aukaf\u00f6llum. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 \u00ed <em>fa\u00f0ir <\/em>ver\u00f0ur <em>u<\/em>-hlj\u00f3\u00f0varp sem breytir <em>a <\/em>\u00ed <em>\u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed aukaf\u00f6llunum. Karlkynsor\u00f0in <em>fa\u00f0ir <\/em>og <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir <\/em>hafa tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 <em>-s<\/em>-endingu \u00ed eignarfalli, <em>f\u00f6\u00f0ur<strong>s<\/strong> <\/em>og <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ur<strong>s<\/strong><\/em>, en um \u00fea\u00f0 hef \u00e9g <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2023\/09\/25\/i-nafni-guds-fodurs\/\">skrifa\u00f0<\/a> \u00e1\u00f0ur. En fleiri tilbrig\u00f0i eru \u00ed beygingu \u00feessara or\u00f0a \u2013 \u00feau hafa einnig (nema <em>fa\u00f0ir<\/em>) r\u00edka tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 halda <em>-i- <\/em>\u00ed aukaf\u00f6llunum. \u00cd <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/greinar\/systir\">segir<\/a> t.d.: \u201eLengi hefur \u00feekkst a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>systir<\/em> s\u00e9 haft \u00f3beygt \u00ed eint\u00f6lu eins og \u00ed eftirfarandi d\u00e6mum: \u00feau k\u00f6llu\u00f0u \u00e1 \u201esystir\u201c s\u00edna, hann sat hj\u00e1 \u201esystir\u201c sinni, h\u00fan f\u00e9kk l\u00e1na\u00f0an kj\u00f3l \u201esystir\u201c sinnar. Sl\u00edk m\u00e1lnotkun \u00feykir ekki h\u00e6fa \u00ed v\u00f6ndu\u00f0u m\u00e1li.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd b\u00f3k Bj\u00f6rns Karels \u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfssonar <em>Um \u00edslenskar or\u00f0myndir \u00e1 14. og 15. \u00f6ld<\/em> fr\u00e1 1925 segir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201ealgengt \u00ed n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0arm\u00e1li, a\u00f0 hafa nefnifallsmyndina \u00ed allri eint\u00f6lunni af or\u00f0unum <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>d\u00f3ttir<\/em>, <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>systir<\/em>\u201c og s\u00fa beyging eigi s\u00e9r langa s\u00f6gu: \u201eRuglingur \u00e1 beygingarendingum r-stofna kemur fyrst fram \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta 14. aldar [\u2026]. \u00c1 15. \u00f6ld ver\u00f0ur ruglingur \u00feessi algengur \u00ed brjefum [\u2026]\u201c segir Bj\u00f6rn. \u00cd <em>M\u00e1linu \u00e1 N\u00fdja testamenti Odds Gottsk\u00e1lkssonar <\/em>1540 segir J\u00f3n Helgason a\u00f0 \u201enokkur ruglingur\u201c \u00e1 beygingu fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0anna komi \u201egreinilega fram, sem v\u00e6nta m\u00e1tti\u201c. \u00cd <em>Islandsk Grammatik <\/em>eftir Valt\u00fd Gu\u00f0mundsson fr\u00e1 1922 segir a\u00f0 or\u00f0in <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>d\u00f3ttir <\/em>og <em>systir <\/em>s\u00e9u oftast h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00f3beyg\u00f0 \u00ed talm\u00e1li og einnig stundum \u00ed ritm\u00e1li.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 Valt\u00fdr b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feetta sj\u00e1ist einkum \u00e1 prenti \u00ed vestur\u00edslenskum bl\u00f6\u00f0um og b\u00f3kum. Lausleg athugun \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> sta\u00f0festir \u00feetta \u2013 meginhluti d\u00e6ma um aukafallsmyndir me\u00f0 <em>-ir <\/em>allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um aldam\u00f3tin 1900 og langt fram eftir tuttugustu \u00f6ld er \u00far vestur\u00edslensku bl\u00f6\u00f0unum. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00fdnir v\u00e6ntanlega a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt m\u00e1lhreinsun \u00feessa t\u00edma hefur tekist a\u00f0 berja beyginguna a\u00f0 verulegu leyti ni\u00f0ur \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00cdslandi hefur h\u00fan minna n\u00e1\u00f0 vestur um haf. Engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er \u00fe\u00f3 til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla anna\u00f0 en beygingin hafi alla t\u00ed\u00f0 lifa\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00ed talm\u00e1li og jafnvel veri\u00f0 a\u00f0albeygingin. \u00deegar \u00e9g var a\u00f0 alast upp \u00ed Skagafir\u00f0i fyrir 60-70 \u00e1rum held \u00e9g a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi veri\u00f0 r\u00edkjandi \u00ed umhverfi m\u00ednu \u2013 foreldrar m\u00ednir notu\u00f0u hana og \u00fea\u00f0 eldra f\u00f3lk sem \u00e9g umgekkst.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 <em>-ir<\/em>-myndirnar \u00ed aukaf\u00f6llum slapp sl\u00e6\u00f0ingur af \u00feeim \u00e1 prent alla tuttugustu \u00f6ldina. \u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 d\u00e6mum um \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> fj\u00f6lgar talsvert \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1980-1990 \u2013 um svipa\u00f0 leyti og m\u00e1lsni\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la var\u00f0 frj\u00e1lslegra og slakna\u00f0i \u00e1 pr\u00f3farkalestri. \u00cd <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>skipta d\u00e6min tugum \u00fe\u00fasunda, einkum um myndirnar <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, <em>systir <\/em>og <em>d\u00f3ttir <\/em>\u00ed aukaf\u00f6llum \u2013 <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir <\/em>er af einhverjum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um miklu sjaldg\u00e6fari sem aukafallsmynd. 90-95% d\u00e6ma um \u00feessar myndir eru af samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum og \u00fear eru <em>-ir<\/em>-myndirnar sj\u00f6tti hluti og allt upp \u00ed fimmtungur af heildinni, nema a\u00f0eins tuttugasti hluti \u00ed <em>m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feessi beyging er sprelllifandi \u00ed m\u00e1linu og engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til annars en telja hana fullgilt og r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eint\u00f6lubeyging fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0anna fa\u00f0ir, br\u00f3\u00f0ir, m\u00f3\u00f0ir, systir og d\u00f3ttir er einst\u00f6k \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 \u00feau hafa -i- \u00ed endingunni \u00ed nefnifalli en -u- \u00ed \u00f6llum aukaf\u00f6llum. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 \u00ed fa\u00f0ir ver\u00f0ur u-hlj\u00f3\u00f0varp sem breytir a \u00ed \u00f6 \u00ed aukaf\u00f6llunum. Karlkynsor\u00f0in fa\u00f0ir og br\u00f3\u00f0ir hafa tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 -s-endingu \u00ed eignarfalli, f\u00f6\u00f0urs og br\u00f3\u00f0urs, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7785,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7784\/revisions\/7785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}