{"id":7816,"date":"2025-12-17T22:31:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T22:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7816"},"modified":"2025-12-17T22:31:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T22:31:29","slug":"brennimerkt-ordalag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/12\/17\/brennimerkt-ordalag\/","title":{"rendered":"Brennimerkt or\u00f0alag"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stundum gerist \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt og hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 \u00edslenskt or\u00f0alag sem er \u00ed fullu samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0 f\u00e6r a\u00f0 \u00f3sekju \u00e1 sig \u00feann stimpil a\u00f0 vera \u201erangt m\u00e1l\u201c \u2013 oftast vegna misskilnings e\u00f0a van\u00feekkingar. En \u00feegar or\u00f0 e\u00f0a or\u00f0alag hefur fengi\u00f0 \u00e1 sig \u00feennan stimpil er h\u00e6gara sagt en gert a\u00f0 \u00fevo hann af, og dugir ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00fdnt s\u00e9 me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrum r\u00f6kum a\u00f0 hann eigi ekki r\u00e9tt \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u2013 eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur er hamra\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 rangt. \u00dev\u00ed er eiginlega n\u00e6r a\u00f0 tala um brennimark en stimpil. Eitt sk\u00fdrasta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um \u00feetta er sambandi\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi<\/em> sem barist hefur veri\u00f0 gegn undanfarin sj\u00f6t\u00edu \u00e1r a.m.k., \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 Helgi H\u00e1lfdanarson hafi s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrum r\u00f6kum fyrir meira en fimmt\u00edu \u00e1rum a\u00f0 \u00feetta samband er fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt og r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta or\u00f0alag hefur t\u00ed\u00f0kast a.m.k. s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed Stefni <\/em>1899: \u201eme\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e6tti for\u00f0a slysum.\u201c Eldri d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum andl\u00f6gum en slys<\/em>. \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1872 segir: \u201efor\u00f0a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ey\u00f0ilegging, sem ann\u00adars hef\u00f0i ber\u00adlega legi\u00f0 fyrir h\u00f6ndum\u201c. \u00cd \u00cdsafold<\/em> 1876 er tala\u00f0 um \u201ea\u00f0 leita l\u00e1ns \u00far landssj\u00f3\u00f0i til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a hall\u00e6ri hjer \u00ed sj\u00e1varsveit\u00adunum\u201c. \u00cd Nor\u00f0anfara<\/em> 1877 segir: \u201efari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta saman st\u00f3rfje til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a meiri mannfelli\u201c. \u00cd Fr\u00f3\u00f0a <\/em>1882 seg\u00adir: \u201esendu \u00feanga\u00f0 matv\u00e6li \u00e1 10 hestum til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a hung\u00adurs\u00adney\u00f0 \u00ed br\u00e1\u00f0\u201c. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1883 segir: \u201esvo m\u00e1l\u00adleysu s\u00e9 for\u00f0a\u00f0\u201c. \u00cd \u00cdsafold <\/em>1888 segir: \u201e\u00fear var\u00f0 for\u00f0a\u00f0 miklu \u00f3happi\u201c. \u00cd \u00cdsafold<\/em> 1891 segir: \u201eHjer hafa hollar hend\u00adur a\u00f0 hl\u00fa\u00f0 og for\u00f0a\u00f0 grandi\u201c.<\/p>\n

Fram yfir mi\u00f0ja tuttugustu \u00f6ld var margoft tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi <\/em>\u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nokkrum \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00fea\u00f0 athugavert a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er s\u00e9\u00f0 ver\u00f0i. En \u00ed \u201eM\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1ls\u00fe\u00e6tti\u201c V\u00edsis <\/em>1956 sag\u00f0i Eir\u00edkur Hreinn Finnbogason: \u201eS\u00f6gnin a\u00f0 for\u00f0a<\/strong> er oft ranglega notu\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir, afst\u00fdra. Oft er sagt og rita\u00f0: Hann for\u00f0a\u00f0i slysi<\/strong>, l\u00f6gregan for\u00f0a\u00f0i vandr\u00e6\u00f0um<\/strong>. [\u2026] \u00d6ll \u00feessi d\u00e6mi eru r\u00f6ng. For\u00f0a merkir a\u00f0 bjarga. For\u00f0a slysi merkir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bjarga slysi, vandr\u00e6\u00f0um a\u00f0 bjarga vandr\u00e6\u00f0um. En hvorki slysum n\u00e9 vandr\u00e6\u00f0um. er for\u00f0a\u00f0 (bjarga\u00f0), heldur er \u00feeim afst\u00fdrt, komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir \u00feau.\u201c \u00c1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1ratugum og fram undir \u00feetta m\u00e1 finna fj\u00f6lda d\u00e6ma \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um og t\u00edmaritum um a\u00f0 amast hafi veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 or\u00f0alaginu, sem er tali\u00f0 \u00f3\u00e6skilegt \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En svol\u00edti\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi d\u00e6mi eru l\u00edka til. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi<\/em> 1856 segir: \u201etil a\u00f0 for\u00f0a \u00feeim k\u00fagun \u00feeirri, sem h\u00e9r er kvarta\u00f0 yfir\u201c. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi<\/em> 1873 segir: \u201ea\u00f0 for\u00f0a Reykv\u00edkingum \u00f6llu grandi, \u00f6llum vansa\u201c. \u00cd Kristilegu sm\u00e1riti handa \u00cdslendingum<\/em> 1865 segir: \u201eVak \u00fe\u00fa yfir m\u00e9r \u00ed dag, og for\u00f0a m\u00e9r \u00f6llu illu\u201c. \u00cd Baldri<\/em> 1868 segir: \u201egeta \u00fe\u00f3 fengi\u00f0 bj\u00f6rg til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a sjer hungri\u201c. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi<\/em> 1869 segir: \u201etil a\u00f0 for\u00f0a \u00feeim ey\u00f0ingu\u201c. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi 1873 segir: \u201ebi\u00f0ja stj\u00f3rnina a\u00f0 for\u00f0a s\u00e9r hungrsdau\u00f0a\u201c. Eldri d\u00e6mi eru l\u00edka til: \u201eskipar oss \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fl\u00fdja fyrir henni og for\u00f0a oss hennar n\u00e1nd\u201c segir \u00ed Fimmt\u00edu heil\u00f6gum hugvekjum<\/em> fr\u00e1 1630. \u201eFor\u00f0a hr\u00ed\u00f0um \/ for\u00f0a m\u00e9r vi\u00f0 hr\u00ed\u00f0um\u201c segir \u00ed \u201e\u00c1radals\u00f3\u00f0i\u201c eftir J\u00f3n Gu\u00f0mundsson l\u00e6r\u00f0a fr\u00e1 svipu\u00f0um t\u00edma \u2013 og fleiri d\u00e6mi m\u00e6tti nefna.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum tekur for\u00f0a<\/em> sem s\u00e9 me\u00f0 s\u00e9r tv\u00f6 \u00fe\u00e1gufallsandl\u00f6g, for\u00f0a einhverjum einhverju<\/em>, eins og t.d. lofa<\/em> og \u00fathluta<\/em> \u2013 h\u00fan lofa\u00f0i m\u00e9r \u00f6llu f\u00f6gru<\/em>, hann \u00fathluta\u00f0i \u00feeim verkefnum<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er alkunna a\u00f0 \u00feessar sagnir geta sleppt fyrra andlaginu en haldi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed seinna eftir \u2013 h\u00fan lofa\u00f0i \u00f6llu f\u00f6gru<\/em>, hann \u00fathluta\u00f0i verkefnum<\/em>. Uppruna d\u00e6ma eins og for\u00f0a<\/em> mannfelli<\/em> \/ hungursney\u00f0<\/em> \/\u00f3happi<\/em> \/ grandi<\/em> \/ slysi <\/em>o.s.frv. m\u00e1 greina \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt \u2013 \u00fe.e. \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00feau liggur for\u00f0a<\/em> (\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni<\/em>) mannfelli<\/em> \/ hungursney\u00f0<\/em>, for\u00f0a<\/em> (s\u00e9r<\/em>) \u00f3happi<\/em> \/ grandi<\/em> \/ slysi <\/em>o.s.frv. \u00cd d\u00e6mum eins og for\u00f0a slysi<\/em>, for\u00f0a tj\u00f3ni<\/em>, for\u00f0a \u00f3happi<\/em> er \u00fe\u00e1gufallsandlagi\u00f0 upprunni\u00f0 sem seinna andlag sagnarinnar, en andlagi\u00f0 \u00ed for\u00f0a s\u00e9r<\/em>, for\u00f0a l\u00edfi s\u00ednu<\/em>, for\u00f0a barninu<\/em> o.s.frv. sem \u00fea\u00f0 fyrra.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt lofa<\/em> og \u00fathluta<\/em> taki tv\u00f6 \u00fe\u00e1gufallsandl\u00f6g eru merkingarleg vensl \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gnina \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3l\u00edk. Anna\u00f0 \u00feeirra v\u00edsar til pers\u00f3nu, \u00feiggjanda lofor\u00f0s e\u00f0a \u00fathlutunar, hitt v\u00edsar til \u00feess hlutar e\u00f0a verkna\u00f0ar sem er lofa\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00fathluta\u00f0. Svipa\u00f0 er me\u00f0 for\u00f0a <\/em>eins og Helgi H\u00e1lfdanarson benti \u00e1<\/a> \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1974: \u201eGl\u00f6ggt d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta er or\u00f0alagi\u00f0 a\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi <\/strong>og ofs\u00f3knin \u00e1 hendur \u00fev\u00ed. \u00c1ratugum saman hefur \u00feessi \u00e1g\u00e6ti talsh\u00e1ttur veri\u00f0 hundeltur me\u00f0 \u00feeim freka \u00fat\u00farsn\u00faningi, a\u00f0 hann hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 merkja for\u00f0a slysinu fr\u00e1<\/strong> einhverju. Engum getur \u00fe\u00f3 dulizt, a\u00f0 merkingin er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 einhverju, sem ekki er nefnt, er for\u00f0a\u00f0 fr\u00e1 slysi<\/strong>. [\u2026] [M]unu vandfundin bo\u00f0leg r\u00f6k gegn \u00feessari notkun sagnarinnar a\u00f0 for\u00f0a, enda var h\u00fan algeng til skamms t\u00edma.\u201c<\/p>\n

En samt var haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi<\/em>. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l <\/em>\u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2004 segir<\/a> J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson: \u201e\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li ber oft vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin s\u00e9 l\u00e1tin merkja \u2018koma \u00ed veg fyrir e-\u00f0, afst\u00fdra e-u, hindra e-\u00f0\u2019. [\u2026] Sl\u00edk notkun mun einungis vera kunn \u00far n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li og getur ekki talist til fyrirmyndar.\u201c \u00cd sama \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2006 segir<\/a> J\u00f3n: \u201e\u00cd pistlum \u00feessum hefur \u00e1\u00f0ur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 bent a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin for\u00f0a er alloft notu\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00e9rkennilegum h\u00e6tti. [\u2026] [G]u\u00f0 for\u00f0i okkur fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feetta n\u00fdm\u00e6li n\u00e1i a\u00f0 festa r\u00e6tur.\u201c \u00cd Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2007 segir<\/a> Nj\u00f6r\u00f0ur P. Njar\u00f0v\u00edk: \u201e\u00c9g h\u00e9lt a\u00f0 allir v\u00e6ru h\u00e6ttir \u00feeirri vitleysu a\u00f0 \u201efor\u00f0a slysum\u201c [\u2026]. Hvert \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysum? Fr\u00e1 hverju \u00e1 a\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysum? Sj\u00e1 ekki allir hva\u00f0 \u00feetta er vitlaust?\u201c<\/p>\n

N\u00fdjustu d\u00e6min af \u00feessu tagi sem \u00e9g hef s\u00e9\u00f0 eru \u00ed d\u00e1lknum \u201eM\u00e1li\u00f0\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>b\u00e6\u00f0i 2018<\/a> og 2019<\/a>. L\u00edklega hefur \u00feessi bar\u00e1tta haft einhver \u00e1hrif \u2013 a.m.k. hefur d\u00e6mum um for\u00f0a slysi <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>fari\u00f0 f\u00e6kkandi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugum. \u00datsk\u00fdring Helga H\u00e1lfdanarsonar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ekkert s\u00e9 athugavert vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi <\/em>vir\u00f0ist \u00fev\u00ed ekki hafa haft nein \u00e1hrif \u2013 sem er s\u00e9rlega \u00e1hugavert. Helgi var nefnilega i\u00f0inn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 \u00fdmis tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00e1li sem hann taldi r\u00f6ng, og yfirleitt var teki\u00f0 mark \u00e1 honum um \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 margt af \u00fev\u00ed sem hann upph\u00f3fst me\u00f0 (og er sumt b\u00fdsna vafasamt) hefur t.d. rata\u00f0 inn \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankann<\/em>. En \u00fearna var hann a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 endurreisa sambandi\u00f0 for\u00f0a slysi <\/em>\u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 gekk ekki. Sambandi\u00f0 var brennimerkt \u2013 og er \u00fea\u00f0 enn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stundum gerist \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt og hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 \u00edslenskt or\u00f0alag sem er \u00ed fullu samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0 f\u00e6r a\u00f0 \u00f3sekju \u00e1 sig \u00feann stimpil a\u00f0 vera \u201erangt m\u00e1l\u201c \u2013 oftast vegna misskilnings e\u00f0a van\u00feekkingar. En \u00feegar or\u00f0 e\u00f0a or\u00f0alag hefur fengi\u00f0 \u00e1 sig \u00feennan stimpil er h\u00e6gara sagt en gert a\u00f0 \u00fevo hann af, og dugir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7816"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7817,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7816\/revisions\/7817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}