{"id":7823,"date":"2025-12-20T22:28:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T22:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7823"},"modified":"2025-12-20T22:28:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T22:28:34","slug":"tumatar-aputek-og-kommonistar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2025\/12\/20\/tumatar-aputek-og-kommonistar\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00famatar, ap\u00fatek \u2013 og komm\u00f3nistar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Af nokkrum g\u00f6mlum t\u00f6kuor\u00f0um sem hafa komi\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00far d\u00f6nsku eru til tv\u00edmyndir sem hafa \u00fdmist einhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fa<\/em> e\u00f0a tv\u00edhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f3<\/em>. \u00deekktast \u00feeirra er l\u00edklega t\u00f3matur <\/em>\/ t\u00famatur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega langoftast me\u00f0 \u00f3<\/em> en \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> eru \u00fe\u00f3 nokku\u00f0 \u00e1 anna\u00f0 hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6mi um myndir me\u00f0 \u00fa<\/em> og \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru r\u00famlega 250 d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edkar myndir. T\u00f6luver\u00f0ur hluti s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu d\u00e6manna s\u00fdnir reyndar ekki virka notkun myndanna heldur er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera gr\u00edn a\u00f0 \u00feeim, fur\u00f0a sig \u00e1 \u00feeim e\u00f0a hafna \u00feeim, en \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00fdnir samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r eru talsvert \u00feekktar \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er upphaflega komi\u00f0 \u00far tungum\u00e1linu nahuatl sem Toltekar og Astekar \u00ed Mex\u00edk\u00f3 t\u00f6lu\u00f0u, og var \u00fear tomatl<\/em>, eins og Erla Erlendsd\u00f3ttir rekur \u00ed grein<\/a> \u00ed Or\u00f0i og tungu <\/em>2005.<\/p>\n

\u00cd d\u00f6nsku var\u00f0 ritmyndin tomat <\/em>og \u00ed \u00feeirri mynd barst or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00cdslands undir lok n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar. \u00cd \u00cdsafold<\/em> 1890 segir: \u201eAlls konar \u00feurka\u00f0ar s\u00fapujurtir mj\u00f6g \u00f3d\u00fdrar (Tomater, Persille, Porrel\u00f6g, Gr\u00f6nkaal, R\u00f6dkaal, Hvidkaal, Guler\u00f6dder og Julienne).\u201c \u00cd Andvara <\/em>1894 segir: \u201eMiki\u00f0 er og komi\u00f0 undir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 uppskeran \u00e1 \u201etomat\u201c-\u00e1vextinum heppnist vel.\u201c \u00cd Kvennabla\u00f0inu <\/em>1897 segir: \u201e\u201eTomaterne\u201c eru skornar \u00ed bita\u201c \u2013 eins og Erla Erlendsd\u00f3ttir bendir \u00e1 \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndri grein er or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fearna \u00ed kvenkyni. En flj\u00f3tlega f\u00e9kk \u00fea\u00f0 \u00edslenska ritmynd \u2013 \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1894 segir: \u201e\u00cd verzlun H.Th.A. Thomsens f\u00e6st [\u2026] fisk- og t\u00f3mat-s\u00f3sa.\u201c \u00cd N\u00fdrri danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k me\u00f0 \u00edslenzkum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum <\/em>eftir J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nasson fr\u00e1 1896 er danska or\u00f0i\u00f0 tomat<\/em> \u00fe\u00fdtt t\u00f3mat<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Myndin t\u00f3mat <\/em>getur formsins vegna anna\u00f0hvort veri\u00f0 endingarlaust sterkt karlkynsor\u00f0 e\u00f0a hvorugkynsor\u00f0 og oft er \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 skera \u00far \u00fev\u00ed hvort er. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 snemma finna \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ar karlkynsmyndir \u2013 \u00ed Fanney <\/em>1906 segir: \u201eEinn bor\u00f0a\u00f0i t.d. a\u00f0 eins eitt epli, annar einn t\u00f3mat [\u2026] o.s.frv.\u201c og \u00ed s\u00f6mu grein kemur fram fleirt\u00f6lumyndin t\u00f3matar<\/em>. En \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ar hvorugkynsmyndir m\u00e1 einnig finna \u2013 \u00ed Frey <\/em>1911 segir: \u201e\u00e1 t\u00f3m\u00f6tin komu gr\u00e6n ber.\u201c Karlkyn me\u00f0 nefnifallsendingunni -ur <\/em>s\u00e9st fyrst 1936. Veika myndin t\u00f3mati <\/em>kemur fram um svipa\u00f0 leyti \u2013 \u00ed N\u00fdja dagbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1934 segir: \u201e\u00fear sem b\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00feeirra t\u00f3mati og gr\u00e1\u00f0aostur.\u201c Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er einnig til sem veikt kvenkynsor\u00f0 \u2013 \u00ed T\u00edmanum <\/em>1925 segir: \u201eEkki veit eg, hva\u00f0an nafni\u00f0 t\u00f3mata er komi\u00f0.\u201c<\/p>\n

Elsta d\u00e6mi um ritmynd me\u00f0 \u00fa <\/em>er \u00ed \u00cdslendingi <\/em>1919: \u201eSard\u00ednur \u00ed ol\u00edu og t\u00famat.\u201c \u00d3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 karlkynsmynd s\u00e9st fyrst \u00ed V\u00edsi <\/em>1928: \u201eN\u00fdkomi\u00f0: T\u00famatar og kart\u00f6flur.\u201c Veika karlkynsmyndin t\u00famati <\/em>kemur fyrst fram \u00ed Vikunni <\/em>1961: \u201eh\u00fan sag\u00f0i, a\u00f0 hann v\u00e6ri rj\u00f3\u00f0ur og kringluleitur eins og t\u00famati.\u201c \u00dear sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 greina kyni\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist alltaf vera um karlkyn a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. En \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir tv\u00edmyndunum er v\u00e6ntanlega \u00e1rekstur rith\u00e1ttar og frambur\u00f0ar. Sennilegt er a\u00f0 rith\u00e1tturinn t\u00f3mat<\/em>(ur<\/em>) hafi veri\u00f0 valinn vegna l\u00edkinda vi\u00f0 danskan rith\u00e1tt, en \u00ed d\u00f6nsku er or\u00f0i\u00f0 bori\u00f0 fram [to\u02c8m\u00e6\u02c0d], me\u00f0 einhlj\u00f3\u00f0i, ekki tv\u00edhlj\u00f3\u00f0i eins og \u00edslensku \u00f3<\/em>, og \u00fe\u00f3tt danska hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega eins og \u00edslenskt \u00fa<\/em> hlj\u00f3mar \u00fea\u00f0 svipa\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskum eyrum.<\/p>\n

Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem \u00e9g held a\u00f0 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ar tv\u00edmyndir hafi \u00feekkst \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g finni litlar heimildir um \u00fea\u00f0 er ap\u00f3tek <\/em>\/ ap\u00fatek<\/em>. \u00cd Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans er \u00fe\u00f3 eitt d\u00e6mi<\/a> um ap\u00fatek<\/em>, \u00far Vefarinn me\u00f0 t\u00f3lfk\u00f3ngaviti <\/em>fr\u00e1 1854: \u201eJeg er ekki \u00f3hr\u00e6dd um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 ap\u00fateks me\u00f0\u00f6lin fari a\u00f0 rata hinga\u00f0 eptirlei\u00f0is.\u201c \u00d6nnur d\u00e6mi hef \u00e9g ekki fundi\u00f0 nema \u00e1 vefnum fastinn.is <\/em>\u00fear sem segir m.a.: \u201eFr\u00e1b\u00e6r sta\u00f0setning \u00fear sem \u00f6rstutt er \u00ed Hagkaup, V\u00ednb\u00fa\u00f0ina, ap\u00fatek og fleira.\u201c \u00deetta er ekki innsl\u00e1ttarvilla \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9st v\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 sama vef. S\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fearna \u00ed \u00e1hersluleysi milli tveggja \u00e1hersluatkv\u00e6\u00f0a og sennilega sjaldnast bori\u00f0 fram sem sk\u00fdrt \u00f3<\/em> heldur einhvers konar \u00f3r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 kringt uppm\u00e6lt h\u00e1lfn\u00e1l\u00e6gt s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0, [\u028a], sem getur veri\u00f0 skynja\u00f0 \u00fdmist sem \u00fa <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00f3<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00deri\u00f0ja or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fear sem hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 v\u00edxl koma fram er komm\u00fanisti <\/em>\/ komm\u00f3nisti<\/em>, en \u00fear eru \u00fea\u00f0 myndir me\u00f0 \u00fa <\/em>sem eru yfirgn\u00e6fandi. Elsta d\u00e6mi<\/a> um or\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00ed br\u00e9fi fr\u00e1 1849: \u201esumir eru komm\u00fanistar, \u00feeir heimta j\u00f6fn r\u00e9ttindi, jafna nautn.\u201c \u00deegar leita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 d\u00e6mum um myndir me\u00f0 \u00f3 <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>finnast h\u00e1tt \u00e1 anna\u00f0 hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6mi en flest \u00feeirra reynast vera lj\u00f3slestrarvillur. Einst\u00f6ku d\u00e6mi me\u00f0 \u00f3 <\/em>m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 finna. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1980 segir: \u201eH\u00e9r \u00e1\u00f0ur var fullt af \u00feorski \u00ed Grindav\u00edk en engir komm\u00f3nistar.\u201c \u00cd Degi <\/em>1981 segir: \u201e\u00deetta eru einkum komm\u00f3nistar og frams\u00f3knarmenn.\u201c \u00cd Skessuhorni <\/em>2007 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 fr\u00e9tti peysu- lopa- li\u00f0 \/ og lagsmenn komm\u00f3nista.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2020 segir: \u201eSvo er oft me\u00f0 komm\u00f3nista, verkal\u00fd\u00f0srekendur og l\u00fd\u00f0sleikjur.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu d\u00e6mi me\u00f0 \u00f3<\/em>, langflest n\u00fdleg af samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 eitthvert l\u00edf er \u00ed \u00feessum myndum. Athyglisvert d\u00e6mi er \u00far endurminningum Ragnars Stef\u00e1nssonar, \u00dea\u00f0 skelfur<\/em>, fr\u00e1 2013: \u201e\u00c1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum \u00fe\u00f3tti komm\u00f3nisti sterkara skammaryr\u00f0i en komm\u00fanisti.\u201c \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 myndir me\u00f0 \u00f3 <\/em>hafi veri\u00f0 talsvert meira nota\u00f0ar en rita\u00f0ar heimildir s\u00fdna, enda s\u00e1ust talm\u00e1lsmyndir sjaldan \u00ed ritm\u00e1li fyrir daga samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0la. \u00dearna gildir sama og um ap\u00f3tek <\/em>\/ ap\u00fatek <\/em>a\u00f0 s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 sem um r\u00e6\u00f0ir er \u00ed \u00e1hersluleysi milli tveggja \u00e1hersluatkv\u00e6\u00f0a og sennilega oftast bori\u00f0 fram sem einhvers\u00a0 konar millihlj\u00f3\u00f0 sem getur veri\u00f0 skynja\u00f0 \u00fdmist sem \u00fa <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00f3 <\/em>\u2013 og l\u00edka sem o<\/em>, kommonisti<\/em>, sem f\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi eru um.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Af nokkrum g\u00f6mlum t\u00f6kuor\u00f0um sem hafa komi\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00far d\u00f6nsku eru til tv\u00edmyndir sem hafa \u00fdmist einhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fa e\u00f0a tv\u00edhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f3. \u00deekktast \u00feeirra er l\u00edklega t\u00f3matur \/ t\u00famatur. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega langoftast me\u00f0 \u00f3 en \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is eru \u00fe\u00f3 nokku\u00f0 \u00e1 anna\u00f0 hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6mi um myndir me\u00f0 \u00fa og \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni eru r\u00famlega 250 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7824,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7823\/revisions\/7824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}