{"id":7897,"date":"2026-01-16T18:02:23","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T18:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7897"},"modified":"2026-01-16T18:02:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T18:02:24","slug":"ad-gaeta-varhugar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/01\/16\/ad-gaeta-varhugar\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhug(ar)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fr\u00e9tt<\/a> \u00e1 mbl.is<\/em> segir \u201eSegja \u00feeir a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00feurfi varhugar vi\u00f0 \u00e1framhaldandi samningsger\u00f0.\u201c \u00c9g hj\u00f3 eftir \u00feessu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0<\/a> varhugur <\/em>\u2013 e\u00f0a<\/a> varhugi<\/em>, b\u00e1\u00f0ar myndir eru til \u2013 er yfirleitt a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 \u00ed einu f\u00f6stu or\u00f0asambandi, gjalda varhug<\/em>(a<\/em>) vi\u00f0 einhverju<\/em>, r\u00e9tt eins og bo\u00f0st\u00f3ll <\/em>er a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 \u00ed hafa<\/em>\/vera \u00e1 bo\u00f0st\u00f3lum <\/em>og takteinn <\/em>\u00ed hafa \u00e1 takteinum<\/em>. \u00dearna er or\u00f0i\u00f0 hins vegar nota\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6gninni g\u00e6ta <\/em>og haft \u00ed eignarfalli sem er venjulegt andlagsfall sagnarinnar. Or\u00f0alag fr\u00e9ttarinnar er komi\u00f0 \u00far b\u00f3kun<\/a> fulltr\u00faa Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins \u00e1 fundi sk\u00f3la- og fr\u00edstundar\u00e1\u00f0s en \u00fear segir hins vegar \u201eg\u00e6ta varhug vi\u00f0 \u00e1framhaldandi samningsger\u00f0\u201c \u2013 \u00fear er varhug <\/em>\u00ed \u00feolfalli eins og me\u00f0 gjalda<\/em>. En \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g hafi ekki kannast vi\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhug<\/em>(ar<\/em>) vi\u00f0 <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki n\u00fdjung.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li kom or\u00f0i\u00f0 varhugi <\/em>eing\u00f6ngu fyrir \u00ed sambandinu gjalda varhuga vi\u00f0 <\/em>sem merkir<\/a> 'vera \u00e1 ver\u00f0i gagnvart', t.d. \u201eHann l\u00e9t \u00fe\u00e1 vandlega g\u00e6ta hans og galt mikinn varhuga vi\u00f0 svikum hans\u201c \u00ed \u00d3lafs s\u00f6gu helga<\/em>. \u00cd \u00f6llum fornm\u00e1lsd\u00e6mum er veika myndin varhugi <\/em>notu\u00f0 og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en undir aldam\u00f3tin 1900 sem sterka myndin varhugur <\/em>fer a\u00f0 sj\u00e1st. S\u00fa veika var samt lengst af mun algengari og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>segir undir varhugur<\/em>: \u201eoftar: gjalda varhuga vi\u00f0 e-u.\u201c En um 1970 n\u00e1\u00f0i sterka myndin yfirh\u00f6ndinni og hefur auki\u00f0 forskoti\u00f0 sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt. S\u00fa veika vir\u00f0ist vera alveg a\u00f0 hverfa ef marka m\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>og \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em> er sterka myndin t\u00f3lf sinnum algengari en hin \u00ed textum fr\u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 varhugi<\/em>\/varhugur <\/em>er s\u00e6milega gagns\u00e6tt, en vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin gjalda <\/em>hefur auglj\u00f3slega ekki venjulega merkingu s\u00edna \u00ed sambandinu gjalda varhug<\/em>(a<\/em>) vi\u00f0<\/em> skiljum vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem heild og \u00fea\u00f0 er sk\u00fdrt sem heild \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum. \u00deess vegna er ekkert undarlegt a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur hneigist til a\u00f0 breyta \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed \u00e1tt til meira gagns\u00e6is me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota s\u00f6gnina g\u00e6ta <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0inn. Um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta tug d\u00e6ma \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, \u00feau elstu fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld eins og \u00feetta \u00ed Nor\u00f0anfara <\/em>1875: \u201eVer\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhuga vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00fan komist a\u00f0 mat.\u201c Elsta d\u00e6mi um sterku myndina varhugur <\/em>me\u00f0 g\u00e6ta <\/em>er \u00ed Heimskringlu <\/em>1889: \u201e\u00f6kumenn skyldu einnig g\u00e6ta varhuga vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkri \u00f3\u00fearfa n\u00e6rgengni drengja.\u201c Eins og me\u00f0 gjalda <\/em>eru d\u00e6mi um veiku myndina a\u00f0 hverfa.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6gnin g\u00e6ta <\/em>stj\u00f3rnar venjulega eignarfalli eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur er nefnt og framan af var venjulega tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhugar <\/em>\u00feegar sterka myndin var notu\u00f0 \u2013 s\u00fa veika er eins \u00ed \u00f6llum aukaf\u00f6llum og \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9st ekki hvort nota\u00f0 er \u00feolfall e\u00f0a eignarfall \u00ed g\u00e6ta varhuga<\/em>. En \u00e1 seinni \u00e1rum er oftast nota\u00f0 \u00feolfall af sterku myndinni. Elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1953: \u201eSamt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhug vi\u00f0 mj\u00f3um g\u00f6tum.\u201c Af t\u00edu d\u00e6mum um sterku myndina me\u00f0 g\u00e6ta <\/em>\u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru n\u00edu me\u00f0 \u00feolfall, g\u00e6ta varhug<\/em>. \u00dearna er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 rj\u00fafa tengslin vi\u00f0 venjulega heg\u00f0un sagnarinnar g\u00e6ta<\/em> \u2013 engum dytti \u00ed hug a\u00f0 segja t.d. *g\u00e6ta var\u00fa\u00f0<\/em>. \u00deetta er \u00fev\u00ed fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 haga s\u00e9r eins og fast or\u00f0asamband \u00fear sem merkingin felst \u00ed heildinni en ekki einst\u00f6kum or\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

Merking sambandsins g\u00e6ta varhug<\/em>(ar<\/em>) er reyndar eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 reiki \u2013 \u00ed sumum tilvikum vir\u00f0ist sambandi\u00f0 fremur haft \u00ed merkingunni \u201afara varlega\u2018 en \u201avera \u00e1 ver\u00f0i gagnvart\u2018 og er \u00fe\u00e1 yfirleitt nota\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 <\/em>komi \u00e1 eftir. \u00cd B\u00fana\u00f0arritinu <\/em>1887 segir: \u201eVer\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhuga vi\u00f0 kaup \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed\u201c (h\u00e9r kemur a\u00f0 v\u00edsu vi\u00f0 <\/em>\u00e1 eftir en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 kaup<\/em>, ekki varhuga<\/em>). \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>2012 segir: \u201eH\u00fan hvetur f\u00f3lk til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhugar \u00fear sem \u00f6fgarnar geti ey\u00f0ilagt g\u00f3\u00f0an m\u00e1lsta\u00f0.\u201c Einhver d\u00e6mi eru l\u00edka um \u00feessa merkingu \u00ed gjalda varhug<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau vir\u00f0ist ekki vera m\u00f6rg. \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2005 segir: \u201e\u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 gjalda varhug eigi enskan ekki a\u00f0 sigla upp a\u00f0 hli\u00f0 \u00edslenskunnar.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>2012 segir: \u201evi\u00f0 eigum jafnframt a\u00f0 vera \u00e1 var\u00f0bergi og gjalda varhug.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 g\u00e6ta varhuga<\/em>\/varhugar<\/em>\/varhug vi\u00f0<\/em> s\u00e9 tilkomi\u00f0 fyrir misskilning en \u00fe\u00f3 liggur beinna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fearna hafi or\u00f0asambandi sem var torskili\u00f0 og ruglingslegt, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed var algeng s\u00f6gn sem auglj\u00f3slega haf\u00f0i ekki venjulega merkingu, veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed samband sem var skiljanlegt \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu einstakra or\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed. En \u00feegar fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 nota \u00feolfall me\u00f0 g\u00e6ta <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 eignarfallsins sem s\u00f6gnin tekur annars, og segja g\u00e6ta varhug vi\u00f0<\/em>, ver\u00f0ur \u00ed raun til n\u00fdtt fast or\u00f0asamband sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 skilja \u00ed heild. Hva\u00f0 sem \u00feessu l\u00ed\u00f0ur er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00f6gnin gjalda <\/em>s\u00e9 upphafleg \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi \u00e1 s\u00f6gnin g\u00e6ta <\/em>s\u00e9r h\u00e1lfrar annarrar aldar s\u00f6gu \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed. M\u00e9r finnst ekkert a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 telja g\u00e6ta varhug vi\u00f0 <\/em>gott og gilt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fr\u00e9tt \u00e1 mbl.is segir \u201eSegja \u00feeir a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00feurfi varhugar vi\u00f0 \u00e1framhaldandi samningsger\u00f0.\u201c \u00c9g hj\u00f3 eftir \u00feessu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 varhugur \u2013 e\u00f0a varhugi, b\u00e1\u00f0ar myndir eru til \u2013 er yfirleitt a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 \u00ed einu f\u00f6stu or\u00f0asambandi, gjalda varhug(a) vi\u00f0 einhverju, r\u00e9tt eins og bo\u00f0st\u00f3ll er a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 \u00ed hafa\/vera \u00e1 bo\u00f0st\u00f3lum og […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7897","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7897"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7897\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7898,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7897\/revisions\/7898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}