{"id":7901,"date":"2026-01-18T11:08:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T11:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7901"},"modified":"2026-01-18T16:28:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T16:28:35","slug":"ad-thjonka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/01\/18\/ad-thjonka\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fyrirs\u00f6gn \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>\u00ed g\u00e6r st\u00f3\u00f0<\/a>: \u201eVill a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 setji markmi\u00f0in og h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka vi\u00f0 lykilgreinar.\u201c \u00dearna er notu\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin \u00fej\u00f3nka <\/em>sem vissulega er til \u00ed m\u00e1linu en var \u00fe\u00f3 til skamms t\u00edma sjaldg\u00e6f, a.m.k. ekki n\u00f3gu algeng til a\u00f0 komast \u00ed \u00cdslenska n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em>. Hana er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og tv\u00e6r merkingar hennar gefnar, \u00f6nnur \u00feeirra '\u00fej\u00f3na'. Eitt d\u00e6mi<\/a> er um s\u00f6gnina \u00ed fornum textum og \u00fear hefur h\u00fan merkinguna '\u00fej\u00f3na', en oft vir\u00f0ist \u00fej\u00f3nka <\/em>\u00fe\u00f3 vera neikv\u00e6\u00f0ari og fela \u00ed s\u00e9r meiri undirl\u00e6gjuh\u00e1tt en \u00fej\u00f3na<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 r\u00edmar vi\u00f0 sk\u00fdringuna<\/a> '\u00fer\u00e6lsleg hl\u00fd\u00f0ni' sem \u00cdslensk n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>hefur \u00e1 nafnor\u00f0inu \u00fej\u00f3nkun <\/em>sem v\u00e6ntanlega er leitt af s\u00f6gninni en er margfalt algengara og fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma<\/a> er um \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

En auk merkingarinnar '\u00fej\u00f3na' er merkingin 'undiroka' gefin \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og \u00ed \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er eing\u00f6ngu s\u00fa merking gefin<\/a> \u2013 \u00fej\u00f3nka <\/em>er \u00fe\u00e1 'gera a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3n'\u2018 eins og \u00fer\u00e6lka <\/em>er 'gera a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e6l'. Merkingarnar '\u00fej\u00f3na' og 'undiroka' vir\u00f0ast vera andst\u00e6\u00f0ar og \u00fev\u00ed er nokku\u00f0 s\u00e9rkennilegt a\u00f0 sama s\u00f6gnin skuli hafa \u00fe\u00e6r b\u00e1\u00f0ar. \u00cd merkingunni 'undiroka' tekur s\u00f6gnin me\u00f0 s\u00e9r andlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli. \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1959 segir: \u201ea\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00e9 til a\u00f0 vera \u00e1 var\u00f0bergi gegn eiturlyfjaneyzlu \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi, \u00fear sem [...] h\u00f6mluleysi heilans \u00fej\u00f3nkar mannskepnuna.\u201c \u00cd St\u00fadentabla\u00f0i jafna\u00f0armanna <\/em>1964 segir: \u201ehugsunina notar ma\u00f0urinn til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka n\u00e1tt\u00faru\u00f6flin.\u201c \u00deessi merking vir\u00f0ist alltaf hafa veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6f og er horfin \u00far s\u00f6gninni.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6gnin \u00fej\u00f3nka <\/em>er nefnd \u00ed riti Alexanders J\u00f3hannessonar, Die Suffixe im Isl\u00e4ndischen<\/em>, fr\u00e1 1927, en engin d\u00e6mi eru um hana \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans og elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um hana \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>er \u00ed Heimdalli <\/em>1930: \u201eKard\u00edn\u00e1li fr\u00e1 R\u00f3maborg studdi \u00feennan n\u00fdja m\u00e1lsta\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar f\u00e6ru a\u00f0 eins og a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir og\u00a0\u00fej\u00f3nku\u00f0u<\/em>\u00a0undir einhvern konung.\u201c \u00dearna er merkingin s\u00fa sama og \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3na <\/em>en sambandi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na undir <\/em>er sk\u00fdrt 'vera \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu einhvers' \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>\u2013 \u00fearna \u00e6tti 'heyra undir' \u00fe\u00f3 betur vi\u00f0. \u00cd leikd\u00f3mi \u00ed \u00c1rbliki <\/em>1938 segir: \u201eGu\u00f0j\u00f3n \u00fej\u00f3nkar og flestum hlutverkum vel.\u201c \u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum er merkingin frekar hlutlaus, en \u00ed flestum d\u00e6mum er merkingin \u00fe\u00f3 neikv\u00e6\u00f0ari, eins og \u00ed fr\u00e9ttinni sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1944 segir: \u201ea\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin muni telja s\u00e9r frekar skylt a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka undir atvinnurekendavaldi\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd St\u00e9ttabar\u00e1ttunni <\/em>1974 segir: \u201eThieu kl\u00edkan hefur \u00feverbroti\u00f0 hvert \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i samkomulagsins [...] til a\u00f0\u00a0\u00fej\u00f3nka<\/em>\u00a0bandar\u00edsku heimsvaldastefnunni.\u201c \u00cd Austurlandi <\/em>1982 segir: \u201eA\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka undir \u00fatlendinga vir\u00f0ist eitt a\u00f0almarkmi\u00f0 \u00feessa h\u00f3ps.\u201c \u00cd DV <\/em>1988 segir: \u201eTil hvers er eiginlega veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa str\u00e6tisvagnafer\u00f0ir svona lengi fram eftir, nema til a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 unglinga sem eru a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00e6last \u00ed mi\u00f0borginni.\u201c \u00cd DV <\/em>2002 segir: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er me\u00f0 eind\u00e6mum, hvernig stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld [...] \u00fej\u00f3nka vi\u00f0 sj\u00f3menn.\u201c \u00deessi d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin er notu\u00f0 \u00e1 fj\u00f6lbreyttan h\u00e1tt setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega \u2013 tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r forsetningu, \u00fdmist undir <\/em>e\u00f0a vi\u00f0<\/em>, e\u00f0a andlag \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli.<\/p>\n

Merking sagnarinnar vir\u00f0ist \u00fev\u00ed hafa breyst \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld, \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera s\u00fa sama og \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3na <\/em>yfir \u00ed 's\u00fdna \u00fer\u00e6lslund' e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sl\u00edkt. Sama breyting vir\u00f0ist hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 nafnor\u00f0inu \u00fej\u00f3nkun <\/em>\u2013 \u00ed \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt<\/a> '\u00fej\u00f3nusta, \u00fej\u00f3nustuveiting', \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er sk\u00fdringin annars vegar \u201a\u00fej\u00f3nusta, \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 veita \u00fej\u00f3nustu\u2018, og hins vegar '\u00fer\u00e6lsleg hl\u00fd\u00f0ni', sem er eina sk\u00fdringin \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>eins og fyrr segir. Stundum er s\u00f6gnin notu\u00f0 \u00ed mi\u00f0mynd, \u00ed s\u00f6mu merkingu og germyndin a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist. \u00cd Baldri <\/em>1947 segir: \u201e\u00feeim var meira \u00ed mun a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nkast kr\u00f6fum Bandar\u00edkjamanna en \u00fe\u00f6rfum \u00edslenzkrar al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u.\u201c \u00cd T\u00edmariti M\u00e1ls og menningar<\/em> 1958 segir: \u201eforystumenn flestir vildu \u00fej\u00f3nkast herveldinu.\u201c<\/p>\n

S\u00f6gnin \u00fej\u00f3nka <\/em>var lengi sjaldg\u00e6f eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir en vir\u00f0ist hafa s\u00f3tt mj\u00f6g \u00ed sig ve\u00f0ri\u00f0 a\u00f0 undanf\u00f6rnu \u2013 verulegur hluti \u00feeirra r\u00famu hundra\u00f0 d\u00e6ma sem eru um hana \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> er fr\u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru um 180 d\u00e6mi um hana, flest fr\u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld \u2013 \u00fear af \u00feri\u00f0jungur \u00far Al\u00feingisr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00fear sem \u201ekl\u00f6gum\u00e1lin gengu \u00e1 v\u00edxl\u201c. \u00cd flestum tilvikum vir\u00f0ist h\u00fan v\u00edsa til undirl\u00e6gjuh\u00e1ttar en stundum er merkingin \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00fa sama og \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3na<\/em>, eins og \u00ed \u201e\u00c9g var a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 finna mig aftur en gymmi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka\u00f0i ekki alveg minni lund\u201c \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2018. \u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum tekur s\u00f6gnin oftast \u00fe\u00e1gufallsandlag en sambandi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka vi\u00f0 <\/em>sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi kemur einnig fyrir \u00ed h\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu af \u00feessum d\u00e6mum \u2013 og er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 gott og gilt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd fyrirs\u00f6gn \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins \u00ed g\u00e6r st\u00f3\u00f0: \u201eVill a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 setji markmi\u00f0in og h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nka vi\u00f0 lykilgreinar.\u201c \u00dearna er notu\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin \u00fej\u00f3nka sem vissulega er til \u00ed m\u00e1linu en var \u00fe\u00f3 til skamms t\u00edma sjaldg\u00e6f, a.m.k. ekki n\u00f3gu algeng til a\u00f0 komast \u00ed \u00cdslenska n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k. Hana er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7901"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7903,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7901\/revisions\/7903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}