{"id":7912,"date":"2026-01-22T23:53:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T23:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7912"},"modified":"2026-01-22T23:53:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T23:53:02","slug":"ad-gera-mikid-ad-eda-af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/01\/22\/ad-gera-mikid-ad-eda-af\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u2013 e\u00f0a af"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g hef stundum skrifa\u00f0 um or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd \u00fear sem \u00fdmist<\/a> er notu\u00f0 forsetningin a\u00f0<\/em> e\u00f0a af<\/em>, svo sem leita a\u00f0\/af<\/a><\/em>, a\u00f0\/af gefnu tilefni<\/a> <\/em>o.fl. \u00cd \u00feessum samb\u00f6ndum, sem eru fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg, er \u00f6nnur forsetningin jafnan talin \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c en hin \u201er\u00f6ng\u201c, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00fa \u201eranga\u201c s\u00e9 stundum mj\u00f6g algeng og eigi s\u00e9r langa s\u00f6gu \u00ed sambandinu. Eitt \u00feessara sambanda er gera miki\u00f0<\/em>\/l\u00edti\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em>\/af einhverju<\/em>. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>kemur fram<\/a> a\u00f0 \u00fear eigi a\u00f0 nota forsetninguna a\u00f0<\/em><\/strong> og sama m\u00e1li gegnir um \u00cdslenska or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> og<\/a> \u00cdslensk-danska or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924. En \u00feetta hefur \u00fe\u00f3 lengi vafist fyrir m\u00e1lnotendum, jafnvel \u00feeim sem skrifa um \u00edslenskt m\u00e1l. \u00dea\u00f0 kom gl\u00f6ggt fram \u00ed pistli<\/a> Gu\u00f0na Kolbeinsson um a\u00f0 <\/em>og af <\/em>\u00ed \u201e\u00cdslensku\u00fe\u00e6tti Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0sins\u201c \u00e1ri\u00f0 1976, fyrir h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld:<\/p>\n

\u201eEinn af lesendum \u00feessa bla\u00f0s hringdi til m\u00edn n\u00fdlega og kva\u00f0st hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 m\u00e1lvillu \u00ed einum \u00edslensku\u00fe\u00e6ttinum h\u00e9r i bla\u00f0inu. Hef\u00f0i \u00fear veri\u00f0 tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 af einhverju \u00ed sta\u00f0 miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 einhverju. Kva\u00f0 hann rugling \u00ed \u00feessu or\u00f0asambandi mj\u00f6g algengan. \u00c9g var\u00f0 a\u00f0 kannast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri m\u00e9r e\u00f0lilegt m\u00e1l a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 e\u00f0a l\u00edti\u00f0 af einhverju og sannf\u00e6r\u00f0ist raunar ekki um a\u00f0 \u00e9g f\u00e6ri h\u00e9r villur vega fyrr en \u00e9g haf\u00f0i flett upp \u00ed tilt\u00e6kum or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum. Var\u00f0 \u00e9g \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 j\u00e1ta afgl\u00f6p m\u00edn. H\u00e9r er \u00e1 fer\u00f0inni enn eitt d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um rugling \u00e1 a\u00f0 og af. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu vel skiljanlegan rugling \u00fear sem oft er tala\u00f0 um miki\u00f0 af einhverju [...], en samt fer \u00feessi m\u00e1lanotkun: a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 af einhverju, \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0 og er skylt a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast hana.<\/strong>\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dearna m\u00e1 spyrja hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 merki a\u00f0 fara \u201e\u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 <\/em>s\u00e9 vissulega eldra var gera miki\u00f0 af<\/em> engin n\u00fdjung \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma \u2013 elstu d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 eru fr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1886 segir: \u201ealdrei er gert of\u00a0miki\u00f0 af<\/em>\u00a0\u00fev\u00ed sem gott er.\u201c \u00cd Heimskringlu <\/em>1891 segir: \u201eenda ger\u00f0i hann ekki\u00a0miki\u00f0 af<\/em>\u00a0\u00fev\u00ed.\u201c \u00cd Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1896 segir: \u201eEn enskir menn hafa gert\u00a0miki\u00f0 af<\/em>\u00a0a\u00f0 nema s\u00e9r l\u00f6nd \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feessu.\u201c Upp \u00far aldam\u00f3tum fara a\u00f0 sj\u00e1st fleiri og fleiri d\u00e6mi um af <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessu sambandi \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> og upp \u00far mi\u00f0ri \u00f6ldinni ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 algengara en a\u00f0<\/em> \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00f3h\u00e6tt er a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a a\u00f0 hef\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 komin \u00e1 sambandi\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 af <\/em>fyrir h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld, \u00feegar Gu\u00f0ni Kolbeinsson sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e6ri \u201e\u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0\u201c.<\/p>\n

Sambandi\u00f0 af \u00f6llu m\u00e1 of miki\u00f0 gera <\/em>e\u00f0a of miki\u00f0 m\u00e1 af \u00f6llu gera<\/em> hefur \u00fe\u00f3 s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er fast or\u00f0asamband eins og hin \u00f3venjulega or\u00f0ar\u00f6\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnina gera<\/em> aftast bendir til og merkir 'allt er best \u00ed h\u00f3fi' eins og fram kemur hj\u00e1 J\u00f3ni G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nssyni \u00ed Merg m\u00e1lsins<\/em>. Elsta d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed Lanzt\u00ed\u00f0indum <\/em>1850: \u201eof miki\u00f0 m\u00e1 af \u00f6llu gj\u00f6ra.\u201c \u00cd Nor\u00f0ra <\/em>1855 segir: \u201e\u00fe\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 of miki\u00f0 af \u00f6llu gj\u00f6ra.\u201c \u00cd Austra <\/em>1885 segir: \u201eAf \u00f6llu m\u00e1 of miki\u00f0 gera.\u201c \u00cd \u00feessu sambandi var forsetningin af <\/em>sem s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upphafi, og er ekki \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 notkun hennar \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum samb\u00f6ndum \u00fear sem gera <\/em>og miki\u00f0 <\/em>koma saman. En ekki kemur \u00e1 \u00f3vart a\u00f0 \u00e1hrifa \u00ed hina \u00e1ttina g\u00e6ti einnig: \u201eFr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 20. aldar eru kunn afbrig\u00f0i me\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em>\u201c segir J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt af <\/em>n\u00e6\u00f0i yfirh\u00f6ndinni \u00ed gera miki\u00f0 af <\/em>var lengi haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 gera athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1962 er \u00feessi v\u00edsa<\/a> um \u201em\u00e1lbl\u00f3m Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0smanna\u201c: \u201eAungvum l\u00edkjast AB menn, \/ \u00f3gn er m\u00e1li\u00f0 skr\u00edti\u00f0: \/ \u00feeir gera miki\u00f0 AF \u00deV\u00cd enn \/ en A\u00d0 \u00deV\u00cd heldur I\u00edti\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd br\u00e9fi sem G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson birti \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1985 segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00feessi villa er r\u00f3tgr\u00f3in.\u201c J\u00f3n A\u00f0alsteinn J\u00f3nsson sag\u00f0i<\/a> \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201eOr\u00f0ab\u00f3kin\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1990: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 hefur veri\u00f0 ruglazt \u00e1 samb. a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 e-u og sett af<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0inn.\u201c Helgi Sk\u00fali Kjartansson nefndi<\/a> \u00feetta l\u00edka \u00ed \u00cdslensku m\u00e1li <\/em>2004 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um \u00fea\u00f0 \u201evandam\u00e1l a\u00f0 velja \u00e1 milli forsetninganna a\u00f0<\/em> og af<\/em> \u00ed vissum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum \u00fear sem mj\u00f3tt er \u00e1 munum merkingarlega.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er nefnilega erfitt a\u00f0 finna einhver merkingarleg r\u00f6k fyrir vali milli a\u00f0 <\/em>og af <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessu sambandi. Oft er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 grunnmerking forsetninganna s\u00e9 \u00f3l\u00edk eins og fram komi \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k <\/em>\u2013 a\u00f0 <\/em>merki<\/a> \u201a\u00ed \u00e1ttina til\u2018 en af <\/em>merki<\/a> \u201afr\u00e1, burt\u2018. En hvoruga merkinguna er au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 tengja vi\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em>\/af<\/em> \u2013 J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson segist<\/a> \u00ed pistli \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> hafa tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 merkingar- og notkunarmunur a\u00f0 <\/em>og af<\/em> \u201ev\u00e6ri mikill og auglj\u00f3s, a\u00f0eins \u00ed nokkrum tilvikum g\u00e6tti \u00f3vissu, t.d.\u00a0gera miki\u00f0\/l\u00edti\u00f0 a\u00f0\/(af) einhverju<\/em>\u201c<\/em>. Eins og G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson benti \u00e1<\/a> \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1985 m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 vissulega sty\u00f0jast vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u201ea\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0 sem samsvara a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 einhverju<\/strong> eru au\u00f0vita\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/strong> og a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi<\/strong>, ekki afger\u00f0ir e\u00f0a afger\u00f0aleysi\u201c.<\/p>\n

En bar\u00e1ttan fyrir a\u00f0 <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessu sambandi er auglj\u00f3slega l\u00f6ngu t\u00f6pu\u00f0 \u2013 og var t\u00f6pu\u00f0 \u00feegar fyrir h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld \u00fe\u00f3tt Gu\u00f0ni Kolbeinsson seg\u00f0i gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 <\/em>\u00fe\u00e1 fara \u201e\u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lhef\u00f0\u201c. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>er af <\/em>meira en t\u00edu sinnum algengara en a\u00f0<\/em> og \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er eing\u00f6ngu gefi\u00f0<\/a> sambandi\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 af<\/strong><\/em>, enda er \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ntanlega \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkennd meginhluta m\u00e1lnotenda undanfarna \u00e1ratugi og gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 <\/strong><\/em>er l\u00edklega flestum framandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 enda \u00fe\u00f3tt gera miki\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em> s\u00e9 enn a\u00f0 finna \u00ed lista<\/a> um samb\u00f6nd sem eiga a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> vir\u00f0ist s\u00e9rst\u00f6k grein um \u00fea\u00f0 (sem fram kemur ef gera <\/em>er flett upp<\/a> \u00e1 M\u00e1li\u00f0.is<\/em>) vera horfin<\/a>. Hugsanlega m\u00e1 t\u00falka \u00fea\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 gera miki\u00f0 af <\/em>s\u00e9 n\u00fa vi\u00f0urkennt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g hef stundum skrifa\u00f0 um or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd \u00fear sem \u00fdmist er notu\u00f0 forsetningin a\u00f0 e\u00f0a af, svo sem leita a\u00f0\/af, a\u00f0\/af gefnu tilefni o.fl. \u00cd \u00feessum samb\u00f6ndum, sem eru fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg, er \u00f6nnur forsetningin jafnan talin \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c en hin \u201er\u00f6ng\u201c, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00fa \u201eranga\u201c s\u00e9 stundum mj\u00f6g algeng og eigi s\u00e9r langa s\u00f6gu \u00ed sambandinu. Eitt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7912"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7913,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7912\/revisions\/7913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}