{"id":7991,"date":"2026-02-17T18:53:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T18:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=7991"},"modified":"2026-02-17T18:53:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T18:53:36","slug":"eg-finn-ekkert-bragd-af-thessu-eda-ad-thessu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/02\/17\/eg-finn-ekkert-bragd-af-thessu-eda-ad-thessu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9g finn ekkert brag\u00f0 af \u00feessu \u2013 e\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00feessu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed dag hva\u00f0a forsetningu \u00e6tti a\u00f0 nota me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0inu brag\u00f0 <\/em>\u2013 hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 tala um brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong> einhverju <\/em>e\u00f0a brag\u00f0 af<\/strong> einhverju<\/em>. Um \u00feetta eru m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar ekki \u00e1 einu m\u00e1li. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2003 segir J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson: \u201eVenja er a\u00f0 tala um brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em> einhverju en ekki brag\u00f0 af<\/em> einhverju, sbr. m\u00e1lsh\u00e1ttinn: Brag\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 barni\u00f0 finnur.<\/em>\u201c En \u00ed grein<\/a> \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2008 kemur fram a\u00f0 J\u00f3n vill nota mismunandi forsetningar eftir setningarlegu umhverfi: \u201e\u00c9g tel a\u00f0 merkingarmunur s\u00e9 \u00e1 forsetningarli\u00f0unum \u00ed brag\u00f0 er a\u00f0 e-u<\/em> ('hvar') og finna brag\u00f0 af e-u<\/em> ('hva\u00f0an') og a\u00f0 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ar merkingarandst\u00e6\u00f0ur hafi veri\u00f0 virkar allt fr\u00e1 fornu m\u00e1li.\u201c Hi\u00f0 sama kemur fram \u00ed pistli<\/a> J\u00f3ns fr\u00e1 2018 \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2008 ama\u00f0ist<\/a> J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson vi\u00f0 or\u00f0alaginu finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong> <\/em>\u00ed n\u00fdrri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Bibl\u00edunnar og taldi \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0. \u00deessu andm\u00e6lti Baldur J\u00f3nsson \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>sk\u00f6mmu s\u00ed\u00f0ar og sag\u00f0i<\/a>: \u201eNokkrar helstu or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur tveggja s\u00ed\u00f0ustu alda eru \u00e1 einu m\u00e1li um a\u00f0 brag\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0<\/em> einhverju og hafa or\u00f0alagi\u00f0 finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 e-u<\/em>. Nefna m\u00e1 or\u00f0ab\u00f3k Konr\u00e1\u00f0s G\u00edslasonar 1851 [\u2026], or\u00f0ab\u00f3k Bl\u00f6ndals 1920-1924 og allar \u00fatg\u00e1fur \u00cdslenskrar or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar 1963, 1983 og 2002\u201c (n\u00fa er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta af <\/em>vi\u00f0 \u00ed vef\u00fatg\u00e1fu). Og Baldur h\u00e9lt \u00e1fram: \u201eOr\u00f0alagi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 e-u<\/em> er \u00fev\u00ed r\u00e9tt og g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenska og \u00e1 s\u00e9r dj\u00fapar r\u00e6tur. Hins vegar er t\u00e6past hef\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota af<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feess s\u00e9u d\u00e6mi.\u201c<\/p>\n

J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson svara\u00f0i<\/a> sk\u00f6mmu s\u00ed\u00f0ar, enn \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em>: \u201eOr\u00f0alagi\u00f0 finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 e-u<\/em> er \u00f3venjuleg \u00edslenska og samr\u00e6mist naumast almennum reglum um notkun forsetninganna a\u00f0<\/em> og af<\/em>. Ekki mun vera unnt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 neinar heimildir er s\u00fdni raunverulega notkun or\u00f0asambandsins n\u00e9 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess, hvorki \u00far fornu m\u00e1li n\u00e9 s\u00ed\u00f0ari alda m\u00e1li. \u00a0Eina heimildin um or\u00f0asambandi\u00f0 er d\u00e6mi \u00far or\u00f0ab\u00f3k Konr\u00e1\u00f0s G\u00edslasonar (1851) og \u00e6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0an hafi \u00fea\u00f0 rata\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3k Bl\u00f6ndals og \u00cdslenska or\u00f0ab\u00f3k.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 margt \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>og \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er \u00e6tta\u00f0 \u00far Danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k me\u00f0 \u00edslenzkum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum <\/em>eftir Konr\u00e1\u00f0 G\u00edslason, en \u00fdmsar a\u00f0rar heimildir um finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong> <\/em>eru \u00fe\u00f3 til \u2013 jafnvel eldri.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1850 segir: \u201eFyrst talar h\u00fan um smekkleysur \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfs og fur\u00f0ar \u00e1, a\u00f0 hann skuli ekki finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 vatninu.\u201c \u00cd \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfi <\/em>1852 segir: \u201emun \u00e1 hverri \u00f6ld og \u00ed hverju landi m\u00e6last vel fyrir henni nema af \u00feeim einum, sem ekki finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru, en s\u00fardeiginu gamla.\u201c \u00cd I\u00f0unni <\/em>1885 segir: \u201ehann \u00feekkir ekki meiningu fr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00f3kanna fremur en sp\u00f3nninn finnur brag\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00fapunni.\u201c Elsta d\u00e6mi um finna brag\u00f0 af<\/strong> <\/em>er \u00ed Dagsbr\u00fan 1894: \u201eef \u00e9g f\u00e6ri a\u00f0 brag\u00f0a \u00e1 henni, \u00fe\u00e1 myndi \u00e9g finna brag\u00f0 af papp\u00edrnum.\u201c \u00cd Fjallkonunni <\/em>1901 segir: \u201evel \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfur bj\u00f3rger\u00f0arma\u00f0urinn finni brag\u00f0i\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed \u00f6linu, sem hann hefir sj\u00e1lfur brugga\u00f0.\u201c \u00cd L\u00f6gbergi <\/em>1924 segir: \u201eEinhver setti mig ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 st\u00f3l og eg fann brag\u00f0 af sterku v\u00edni fyrir innan varirnar \u00e1 m\u00e9r.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00e1\u00f0urnefndu svari til Baldurs J\u00f3nssonar segir<\/a> J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson: \u201e\u00dev\u00ed ber ekki a\u00f0 neita a\u00f0 um langt skei\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 talsver\u00f0 \u00f3vissa um notkun or\u00f0asambandanna finna brag\u00f0 af matnum<\/em> og finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 matnum<\/em>. En skyldi \u00fea\u00f0 ekki einmitt vera vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ara tilvikinu er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a 'sk\u00f3lakenningu' sem reist er \u00e1 veikum grunni, kenningu sem stangast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 og m\u00e1lkennd almennings.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 sem segir um \u00f3vissuna er alveg r\u00e9tt \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 <\/em>og af <\/em>hafa veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0ar til skiptis \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed byrjun tuttugustu aldar \u00fe\u00f3tt d\u00e6min um af <\/em>s\u00e9u meira en \u00ferisvar sinnum fleiri og af <\/em>hafi veri\u00f0 algengari s\u00ed\u00f0an um mi\u00f0ja \u00f6ldina. En fr\u00e1leitt er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 notkun a\u00f0 <\/em>hafi \u201estangast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 og m\u00e1lkennd almennings.\u201c<\/p>\n

Baldur J\u00f3nsson vildi<\/a> sem s\u00e9 alltaf tala um brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong><\/em>, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og brag\u00f0 er a\u00f0<\/strong> einhverju <\/em>og finna brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong> einhverju<\/em>, en J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson vildi<\/a> hafa a\u00f0<\/em><\/strong> \u00ed fyrrnefnda sambandinu og af<\/em><\/strong> \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 forsetningin a\u00f0 <\/em>t\u00e1kni a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i kyrrst\u00f6\u00f0u (brag\u00f0i\u00f0 'er \u00fearna') en af <\/em>hins vegar hreyfingu \u2013 \u00feegar vi\u00f0 finnum brag\u00f0 <\/em>\u00fe\u00e1 'berst \u00fea\u00f0 til okkar' \u00ed einhverjum skilningi. \u00c9g held a\u00f0 almennir m\u00e1lnotendur hafi enga tilfinningu fyrir \u00feessum merkingarmun forsetninganna \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi og \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 tilgangslaust a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 kenna hann. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru 10-20 sinnum fleiri d\u00e6mi um brag\u00f0 af<\/strong> <\/em>en brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong><\/em>, hvert svo sem umhverfi\u00f0 er. B\u00e6\u00f0i brag\u00f0 er af <\/strong>einhverju <\/em>og finna brag\u00f0 af<\/strong> einhverju <\/em>er vitanlega r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

En \u00feetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0 brag\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/strong> <\/em>s\u00e9 \u00farelt samband e\u00f0a eigi aldrei vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1lt\u00e6kinu brag\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 barni\u00f0 finnur<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 brag\u00f0 <\/em>hefur nefnilega fleiri merkingar \u2013 \u201el\u00fdtur a\u00f0 \u00fatliti og merkir stundum 'svipur' e\u00f0a '\u00e1s\u00fdnd', jafnvel sama og yfirbrag\u00f0<\/em>\u201c segir<\/a> Baldur J\u00f3nsson \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2008. Baldur segir enn fremur: \u201eEf manni \u00feykir miki\u00f0 til einhvers koma, er \u201ebrag\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed\u201c. \u00de\u00e1 er einhver veigur e\u00f0a mergur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed.\u201c \u00cd samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00feetta finnst m\u00e9r h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja t.d. \u00feetta er matur sem brag\u00f0 er a\u00f0<\/strong> <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 'gott \/ sterkt \/ einkennandi brag\u00f0' en \u00ed \u00feetta er matur sem brag\u00f0 er af <\/strong><\/em>finnst m\u00e9r brag\u00f0 <\/em>hlutlaust \u2013 merkja bara 'eitthvert brag\u00f0' og eiginlega \u00feurfi l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 \u2013 t.d. \u00feetta er matur sem gott brag\u00f0 er af<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g var spur\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed dag hva\u00f0a forsetningu \u00e6tti a\u00f0 nota me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0inu brag\u00f0 \u2013 hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 tala um brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 einhverju e\u00f0a brag\u00f0 af einhverju. Um \u00feetta eru m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar ekki \u00e1 einu m\u00e1li. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu 2003 segir J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson: \u201eVenja er a\u00f0 tala um brag\u00f0 a\u00f0 einhverju […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7991"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7992,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7991\/revisions\/7992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}