{"id":8001,"date":"2026-02-23T14:35:23","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T14:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8001"},"modified":"2026-02-23T14:35:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T14:35:23","slug":"miklir-umhleypingar-miklar-umhleypingar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/02\/23\/miklir-umhleypingar-miklar-umhleypingar\/","title":{"rendered":"Miklir umhleypingar \u2013 miklar umhleypingar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c var \u00ed dag ger\u00f0 athugasemd vi\u00f0 fyrirs\u00f6gn \u00ed <em>V\u00edsi<\/em>, \u201e\u00datlit fyrir l\u00e6g\u00f0agang og umhleypingar\u201c og sagt \u201e\u00e6tli bla\u00f0ama\u00f0urinn hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugsa um tilhleypingar?\u201c. N\u00fa hefur fyrirs\u00f6gninni reyndar veri\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visir.is\/g\/20262847040d\/utlit-fyrir-laegdagang-og-umhleypingar\">breytt<\/a> \u00ed \u201e\u00datlit fyrir l\u00e6g\u00f0agang og umhleypinga\u201c, \u00fe.e. <em>r-<\/em>inu sleppt aftan af <em>umhleypingar <\/em>og \u00fear me\u00f0 breytt \u00far kvenkynsbeygingu \u00ed karlkynsbeygingu. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er <em>umhleypingar <\/em>gefi\u00f0 sem fleirt\u00f6luor\u00f0 \u00ed karlkyni, <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is\/ord\/42926\">sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'storma- og \u00farkomus\u00f6m ve\u00f0r\u00e1tta me\u00f0 frosta- og hl\u00e1kuk\u00f6flum \u00e1 v\u00edxl', en \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er or\u00f0i\u00f0 gefi\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lunni <em>umhleypingur<\/em> me\u00f0 svipa\u00f0ri sk\u00fdringu og sagt \u201eeinkum ft.\u201c. \u00cd <em>Ritm\u00e1lssafni <\/em>Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans er or\u00f0i\u00f0 reyndar <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/511890\">sagt<\/a> hvorugkynsor\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu en \u00fea\u00f0 er auglj\u00f3slega villa.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er upphaflega karlkynsor\u00f0 og kemur fyrst fyrir \u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld en framan af var \u00fea\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni 'umrenningur, landhlaupari' \u2013 \u201eUm lausgangara og umhleypinga\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/511917\">stendur<\/a> \u00ed <em>Al\u00feingisb\u00f3kum \u00cdslands <\/em>1683. \u00deessari merkingu breg\u00f0ur fyrir fram undir \u00feetta \u2013 \u00ed <em>Skagfir\u00f0ingab\u00f3k <\/em>1996 segir: \u201eHann er \u00fe\u00e1 17 vetra, f\u00e6ddur um 1636, umhleypingur.\u201c En elsta d\u00e6mi um notkun or\u00f0sins \u00ed v\u00edsun til ve\u00f0urfars <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/511917\">er<\/a> \u00ed Gr\u00edmssta\u00f0ann\u00e1l fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld: \u201eVetur har\u00f0ur me\u00f0 umhleypingum.\u201c Einst\u00f6ku d\u00e6mi eru um or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed eint\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00feessari merkingu \u2013 \u00ed <em>Fylki <\/em>1960 segir: \u201eH\u00e9r er ekkert ve\u00f0urlag st\u00f6\u00f0ugt nema umhleypingurinn\u201c og \u00ed <em>Litla Berg\u00fe\u00f3ri <\/em>2016 segir: \u201e\u00fe\u00e6r \u00feoldu ekki umhleypinginn \u00e1 Su\u00f0urnesjum og d\u00f3u.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er langoftast nota\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed ve\u00f0urfarsmerkingunni falla flestar myndir karlkyns- og kvenkynsbeygingar \u00feess saman. Nefnifalli\u00f0 <em>umhleypingar <\/em>getur veri\u00f0 hvort heldur sem er en h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 greina \u00e1 milli ef \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0isor\u00f0 fylgja (<em>mikl<strong>ir<\/strong><\/em>\/<em>mikl<strong>ar<\/strong> umhleyping<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>, <em>\u00feess<strong>ir<\/strong><\/em>\/<em>\u00feess<strong>ar<\/strong> umhleyping<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>). Ef nefnifalli\u00f0 er me\u00f0 greini eru myndirnar mismunandi \u2013 <em>umhleypingarn<strong>ir<\/strong> <\/em>og <em>umhleypingarn<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>. \u00cd \u00feolfalli eru karlkyns- og kvenkynsmyndir mismunandi, b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 og \u00e1n greinis \u2013 <em>umhleypinga<\/em>(<strong><em>na<\/em><\/strong>),<em> \u00a0\/ umhleypinga<strong>r<\/strong><\/em>(<strong><em>nar<\/em><\/strong>). En \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og eignafalli eru \u00fe\u00e6r eins, b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 og \u00e1n greinis \u2013 <em>umhleypingum <\/em>\/ <em>umhleypingunum<\/em>, <em>umhleypinga<\/em>(<em>nna<\/em>), og \u00fear eru \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0isor\u00f0 l\u00edka eins. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed mj\u00f6g oft \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 greina \u00ed hvoru kyninu or\u00f0i\u00f0 er.<\/p>\n<p>Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 karlkyni\u00f0 er eldra og algengara ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta vafans \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed kvenkyni nema \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ar v\u00edsbendingar s\u00e9u um \u00fea\u00f0. Elsta d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edkt sem \u00e9g hef fundi\u00f0 er \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1945: \u201eVindarnir og umhleypingarnar eiga illa vi\u00f0 hann.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1948 segir: \u201eauk \u00feess hefir veri\u00f0 sl\u00e6m ve\u00f0r\u00e1tta, stormasamt og umhleypingar miklar s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta vetrar.\u201c \u00cd <em>T\u00edmanum <\/em>1949 segir: \u201eSnj\u00f3l\u00e9tt, en miklar umhleypingar \u00e1 Austfj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00ed vetur.\u201c \u00cd <em>D\u00fdraverndaranum <\/em>1960 segir: \u201e\u00fear sem l\u00edti\u00f0 er um umhleypingar.\u201c \u00cd <em>Einherja <\/em>1962 segir: \u201eT\u00ed\u00f0arfar h\u00e9r hefur s\u00ed\u00f0an um \u00e1ram\u00f3t veri\u00f0 sl\u00e6mt, st\u00f6\u00f0ugar umhleypingar.\u201c \u00cd <em>V\u00edsi <\/em>1962 segir: \u201eMiklar umhleypingar hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed Gr\u00edmsey.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Lengi framan af eru s\u00e1raf\u00e1 d\u00e6mi um kvenkyni\u00f0 en \u00feeim fer sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt fj\u00f6lgandi eftir 1980 og \u00fe\u00f3 einkum eftir aldam\u00f3t. \u00cd <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru 22 d\u00e6mi um karlkynsmyndina <em>umhleypingarn<strong>ir<\/strong> <\/em>en 27 um samb\u00e6rilega kvenkynsmynd, <em>umhleypingarn<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 kvenkyni\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a algengara en karlkyni\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum. Hugsanlega er \u00feetta a\u00f0 einhverju leyti sv\u00e6\u00f0isbundi\u00f0 \u2013 m\u00e9r s\u00fdnist tilt\u00f6lulega m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi vera um kvenkyni\u00f0 \u00far <em>Feyki <\/em>\u00e1 Sau\u00f0\u00e1rkr\u00f3ki og <em>Degi <\/em>\u00e1 Akureyri, sem og \u00far <em>Skessuhorni <\/em>og <em>Skagabla\u00f0inu <\/em>\u00e1 Akranesi \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>Dagur <\/em>og <em>Skagabla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>h\u00e6ttu reyndar a\u00f0 koma \u00fat \u00e1\u00f0ur en d\u00e6mum um kvenkyni\u00f0 f\u00f3r a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lga a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i. En \u00feetta \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 kanna n\u00e1nar. Sj\u00e1lfum finnst m\u00e9r \u00e9g nota kvenkyn en er alls ekki viss.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 <em>-ing<\/em>- er algengt b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed karlkyns- og kvenkynsor\u00f0um \u2013 karlkynsor\u00f0in b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 sig nefnifallsendingunni <em>-ur<\/em>. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 skilgreina f\u00f3lk \u00fat fr\u00e1 einkenni, uppruna, starfi, heg\u00f0un o.s.frv. er \u00fea\u00f0 haft \u00ed karlkyni \u2013 <em>\u00cdslendingur<\/em>, <em>heimspekingur<\/em>, <em>m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur<\/em>, <em>sj\u00faklingur<\/em>, <em>n\u00ed\u00f0ingur<\/em> o.s.frv. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 <em>umhleypingur <\/em>v\u00edsa\u00f0i upphafleg til f\u00f3lks var \u00fev\u00ed e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri haft \u00ed karlkyni (frekar en <em>umhleyping <\/em>\u00ed kvenkyni), og karlkyni\u00f0 fylgir \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e6r n\u00fdja merkingu. En \u00feetta breytist \u00feegar eintalan hverfur n\u00e1nast og or\u00f0myndunarlega s\u00e9\u00f0 er ekkert \u00fev\u00ed til fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 <em>umhleypingar <\/em>geti veri\u00f0 kvenkynsor\u00f0, eins og samanbur\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 <em>tilhleypingar <\/em>s\u00fdnir. M\u00e9r finnst einbo\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 kvenkyni\u00f0 ver\u00f0i tali\u00f0 r\u00e9tt, ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en karlkyni\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c var \u00ed dag ger\u00f0 athugasemd vi\u00f0 fyrirs\u00f6gn \u00ed V\u00edsi, \u201e\u00datlit fyrir l\u00e6g\u00f0agang og umhleypingar\u201c og sagt \u201e\u00e6tli bla\u00f0ama\u00f0urinn hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugsa um tilhleypingar?\u201c. N\u00fa hefur fyrirs\u00f6gninni reyndar veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed \u201e\u00datlit fyrir l\u00e6g\u00f0agang og umhleypinga\u201c, \u00fe.e. r-inu sleppt aftan af umhleypingar og \u00fear me\u00f0 breytt \u00far kvenkynsbeygingu \u00ed karlkynsbeygingu. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8001"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8002,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8001\/revisions\/8002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}