{"id":8012,"date":"2026-02-27T15:31:12","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T15:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8012"},"modified":"2026-02-27T15:31:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T15:31:12","slug":"eldi-evldi-elvdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/02\/27\/eldi-evldi-elvdi\/","title":{"rendered":"Eldi, evldi, elvdi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd dag var spurt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c hvernig f\u00f3lk b\u00e6ri fram \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 sagnarinnar <em>efla<\/em>, eins og \u00ed <em>\u00feetta efldi sj\u00e1lfstraust hj\u00e1 honum<\/em>. \u00deetta er \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 spurning en henni er ekki au\u00f0svara\u00f0 og erfitt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00feetta \u00fat \u00e1n v\u00edsunar \u00ed meiri hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00feekkingu en venjulegir m\u00e1lnotendur hafa \u2013 en \u00e9g \u00e6tla samt a\u00f0 reyna. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0um um \u00feetta nefndi f\u00f3lk einkum \u00ferenns konar frambur\u00f0 \u2013 <em>evldi<\/em>, <em>elvdi<\/em> og <em>eldi<\/em>. H\u00e9r er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt <em>f <\/em>standi fyrir lokhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>b <\/em>\u00ed klasanum <em>fl<\/em>, eins og \u00ed nafnh\u00e6ttinum <em>efla<\/em> sem er borinn fram <em>ebla<\/em>, gegnir \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li \u00feegar \u00feri\u00f0ja samhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0, <em>d<\/em>, b\u00e6tist vi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja *<em>ebldi<\/em>. Ef b\u00f3kstafurinn <em>f <\/em>\u00e1 s\u00e9r einhvern fulltr\u00faa \u00ed frambur\u00f0i myndarinnar <em>efldi <\/em>\u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0 er \u00fea\u00f0 hvorki <em>b <\/em>n\u00e9 <em>f <\/em>heldur radda\u00f0a tannvaram\u00e6lta hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>v<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Klasar me\u00f0 \u00feremur samhlj\u00f3\u00f0um e\u00f0a fleiri eru erfi\u00f0ir \u00ed frambur\u00f0i og hafa mikla tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 einfaldast, oftast me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eitthvert hlj\u00f3\u00f0 fellur brott \u2013 \u00ed \u00feriggja samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a kl\u00f6sum venjulega mi\u00f0hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0, eins og \u00ed <em>mar<strong>g<\/strong>t <\/em>sem er \u00e6vinlega bori\u00f0 fram <em>mart<\/em> \u00e1n nokkurs <em>g<\/em>-hlj\u00f3\u00f0s. Stundum felst einf\u00f6ldunin l\u00edka \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eitt hlj\u00f3\u00f0 klasans (e\u00f0a fleiri) samlagast \u00f6\u00f0ru sem \u00fe\u00e1 lengist, eins og \u00ed eignarfallinu <em>va<strong>tns<\/strong><\/em> sem er langoftast bori\u00f0 fram <em>va<strong>ss<\/strong><\/em> \u00ed daglegu tali. Heg\u00f0un \u00feessara einfaldana er mj\u00f6g fj\u00f6lbreytt \u2013 sumar eru skyldubundnar eins og <em>mar<strong>g<\/strong>t <\/em>&gt; <em>mart<\/em>, a\u00f0rar ekki eins og einf\u00f6ldunin \u00ed <em>va<strong>tns<\/strong> <\/em>\u00fear sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 bera alla samhlj\u00f3\u00f0ana fram \u00ed formlegu tali. \u00deetta fer sem s\u00e9 oft eftir m\u00e1lsni\u00f0i, talhra\u00f0a o.fl. og er auk \u00feess misjafnt eftir kl\u00f6sum.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fe\u00f3tt hlj\u00f3\u00f0 falli brott \u00far klasa skilur \u00fea\u00f0 stundum eftir sig ummerki \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum hlj\u00f3\u00f0um klasans. \u00cd myndinni <em>v\u00e6n<strong>g<\/strong>s<\/em>, eignarfalli af <em>v\u00e6ngur<\/em>, er ekki bori\u00f0 fram neitt <em>g <\/em>\u00ed venjulegum frambur\u00f0i \u2013 mi\u00f0hlj\u00f3\u00f0 klasans fellur sem s\u00e9 brott. Vi\u00f0 skynjum samt greinilega <em>g-<\/em>hlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed <em>v\u00e6n<strong>g<\/strong>s <\/em>og \u00feau sem ekki hafa l\u00e6rt hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i eru oft handviss um a\u00f0 \u00fear s\u00e9 <em>g<\/em>. En \u00fea\u00f0 er skynvilla. \u00dea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 skynjum sem <em>g<\/em> eru \u00feau \u00e1hrif sem <em>g<\/em>-i\u00f0 hefur \u00e1 nefhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 undan, <em>n<\/em> \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 breytir myndunarsta\u00f0 \u00feess, \u00feannig a\u00f0 hann ver\u00f0ur svipa\u00f0ur og myndunarsta\u00f0ur <em>g<\/em>-hlj\u00f3\u00f0sins. \u00deess vegna heyrum vi\u00f0 sk\u00fdran mun \u00e1 eignarfallinu <em>v\u00e6<strong>ng<\/strong>s <\/em>og svo <em>v\u00e6<strong>n<\/strong>s <\/em>sem er eignarfall karlkyns af l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0inu <em>v\u00e6nn<\/em>. \u00cd hvorugu or\u00f0inu er nokkurt <em>g<\/em>, en munurinn felst \u00ed myndunarsta\u00f0 nefhlj\u00f3\u00f0sins.<\/p>\n<p>Oftast koma \u00e1hrif brottfallshlj\u00f3\u00f0sins fram \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0inu \u00e1 undan \u00fev\u00ed, eins og \u00ed <em>v\u00e6<strong>ng<\/strong>s<\/em>, en \u00ed st\u00f6ku tilvikum geta \u00feau komi\u00f0 fram \u00e1 eftirfarandi hlj\u00f3\u00f0i eins og \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0inni <em>ri<strong>gn<\/strong>di<\/em>, af <em>rigna<\/em>. \u00cd klasanum <em>-gnd- <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 aldrei \u00feessu vant ekki mi\u00f0hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 sem fellur brott heldur upphafshlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0, <em>g<\/em>-i\u00f0, og \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist skilja eftir sig svipu\u00f0 spor \u00ed <em>n<\/em>-inu sem kemur \u00e1 eftir og \u00fea\u00f0 gerir \u00ed <em>n <\/em>sem kemur \u00e1 undan eins og \u00ed <em>v\u00e6<strong>ng<\/strong>s<\/em>. Klasinn <em>-gnd- <\/em>\u00ed <em>ri<strong>gnd<\/strong>i <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed borinn eins fram og klasinn <em>-ngd- <\/em>\u00ed t.d. <em>hri<strong>ngd<\/strong>i<\/em>. \u00deetta er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>ri<strong>ng<\/strong>di <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>ri<strong>gn<\/strong>di <\/em>er mj\u00f6g algeng stafsetningarvilla \u2013 \u00feetta hlj\u00f3mar eins, en vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 uppg\u00f3mm\u00e6lta nefnhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fearna er margfalt oftar fulltr\u00fai fyrir sambandi\u00f0 <em>ng <\/em>en <em>gn<\/em> hafa m\u00e1lnotendur tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 skrifa <em>ri<strong>ng<\/strong>di<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00de\u00e1 erum vi\u00f0 loksins komin a\u00f0 upphafsspurningunni, um frambur\u00f0inn \u00e1 <em>efldi<\/em>. \u00dear er \u00feriggja samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a klasinn <em>-fld- <\/em>og \u00fear getur upphafshlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>f <\/em>falli\u00f0 algerlega brott \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 skilja eftir sig spor \u00feannig a\u00f0 frambur\u00f0urinn ver\u00f0i <em>eldi<\/em>, eins og \u00ed nafnor\u00f0inu <em>eldi<\/em> (t.d. <em>fiskeldi<\/em>). En oftast eimir \u00fe\u00f3 eitthva\u00f0 eftir af <em>f<\/em>-inu \u2013 e\u00f0a r\u00e9ttara sagt <em>v<\/em>-inu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>f <\/em>stendur \u00fearna fyrir radda\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0, en \u00f3lj\u00f3st er hvar \u00fea\u00f0 kemur fram \u2013 eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir var b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>e<strong>vl<\/strong>di <\/em>og <em>e<strong>lv<\/strong>di<\/em> nefnt sem minnir \u00e1 <em>ri<strong>gn<\/strong>di <\/em>og <em>ri<strong>ng<\/strong>di <\/em>h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00edka klasann <em>-lfd- <\/em>eins og \u00ed <em>ske<strong>lfd<\/strong>ur <\/em>og <em>ske<strong>lfd<\/strong>ist<\/em> og hann fellur alveg saman vi\u00f0 <em>-fld- <\/em>\u00ed frambur\u00f0i, r\u00e9tt eins og <em>-ngd- <\/em>og <em>-gnd- <\/em>falla saman. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur heyra \u00fearna einhvern <em>v<\/em>-keim, en \u00e1tta sig ekki \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvar hann kemur fram.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd kl\u00f6sunum <em>-lgd- <\/em>eins og \u00ed <em>fy<strong>lg<\/strong>di<\/em> og -<em>gld- <\/em>eins og \u00ed <em>si<strong>gl<\/strong>di<\/em> ver\u00f0ur sams konar samfall \u2013 \u00fear fellur <em>g <\/em>brott \u00fdmist \u00e1 eftir e\u00f0a undan <em>l<\/em> en skilur eftir sig ummerki \u00e1 <em>l<\/em>-inu sem n\u00e1lgast myndunarsta\u00f0 g\u00f3mfilluhlj\u00f3\u00f0sins <em>g <\/em>og ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 sem er kalla\u00f0 \u201eg\u00f3mfillulita\u00f0\u201c. En myndunarsta\u00f0 <em>l-<\/em>hlj\u00f3\u00f0sins ver\u00f0ur ekki au\u00f0veldlega breytt \u00ed \u00e1tt til <em>v<\/em> til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta upp fyrir brottfall \u00feess. \u00deess \u00ed sta\u00f0 vir\u00f0ast \u201eleifar\u201c <em>v<\/em>, sem er (tann)varam\u00e6lt \u00f6nghlj\u00f3\u00f0, koma fram \u00ed d\u00e1l\u00edtilli n\u00e1lgun efri og ne\u00f0ri varar \u2013 eins og reyndar var nefnt \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c. S\u00fa n\u00e1lgun ver\u00f0ur samt\u00edmis myndun <em>l-<\/em>hlj\u00f3\u00f0sins, en vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 erum ekki v\u00f6n \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tv\u00f6 hlj\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00e9u myndu\u00f0 samt\u00edmis heldur hvort \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0ru skynjum vi\u00f0 \u00feetta ekki sem samt\u00edmis myndun heldur \u00fdmist sem <em>vl <\/em>e\u00f0a <em>lv<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd dag var spurt \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c hvernig f\u00f3lk b\u00e6ri fram \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 sagnarinnar efla, eins og \u00ed \u00feetta efldi sj\u00e1lfstraust hj\u00e1 honum. \u00deetta er \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 spurning en henni er ekki au\u00f0svara\u00f0 og erfitt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00feetta \u00fat \u00e1n v\u00edsunar \u00ed meiri hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00feekkingu en venjulegir m\u00e1lnotendur hafa \u2013 en \u00e9g \u00e6tla samt a\u00f0 reyna. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0um um [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8013,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8012\/revisions\/8013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}