{"id":8022,"date":"2026-03-03T20:35:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T20:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8022"},"modified":"2026-03-03T20:35:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T20:35:51","slug":"gomul-og-god-saga-eda-god-og-gomul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/03\/03\/gomul-og-god-saga-eda-god-og-gomul\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6mul og g\u00f3\u00f0 saga \u2013 e\u00f0a g\u00f3\u00f0 og g\u00f6mul?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stundum notum vi\u00f0 tv\u00f6 e\u00f0a fleiri l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 hvort\/hvert \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0ru me\u00f0 sama nafnor\u00f0inu \u2013 g\u00f6mul og snj\u00e1\u00f0 fl\u00edk<\/em>, skemmtileg ung \u00fe\u00fdsk kona<\/em>, o.s.frv. En geta \u00feessi l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed hva\u00f0a r\u00f6\u00f0 sem er? \u00dev\u00ed er haldi\u00f0 fram<\/a> a\u00f0 enskum l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um megi skipta \u00ed eftirfarandi t\u00edu merkingarflokka sem standi \u00ed \u00feessari r\u00f6\u00f0: (1) sko\u00f0un (\u00f3venjulegur<\/em>, fallegur<\/em>, ind\u00e6ll<\/em>); (2) st\u00e6r\u00f0 (feitur<\/em>, l\u00edtill<\/em>, h\u00e1r<\/em>); (3) \u00fatlitseiginleikar (hrj\u00fafur<\/em>, hora\u00f0ur<\/em>, draslaralegur<\/em>); (4) l\u00f6gun (kringl\u00f3ttur<\/em>, ferkanta\u00f0ur<\/em>, hn\u00f6tt\u00f3ttur<\/em>); (5) aldur (ungur<\/em>, gamall<\/em>, unglegur<\/em>); (6) litur (bl\u00e1r<\/em>, rau\u00f0ur<\/em>, bleikur<\/em>); (7) uppruni (borgfirskur<\/em>, hollenskur<\/em>, tyrkneskur<\/em>); (8) efni (m\u00e1lmur<\/em>, vi\u00f0ur<\/em>, plast<\/em>); (9) ger\u00f0 (fj\u00f6lnota<\/em>, U-laga<\/em>, marghli\u00f0a<\/em>); (10) tilgangur (\u00ferifa<\/em>(t\u00e6ki<\/em>), sm\u00ed\u00f0a<\/em>(t\u00f3l<\/em>), eldunar<\/em>(\u00e1hald<\/em>)).<\/p>\n

Eins og \u00fearna er s\u00fdnt notar \u00edslenska yfirleitt fremur samsetningar en l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 fyrir s\u00ed\u00f0asta flokkinn. En hugmyndin er sem s\u00e9 s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00feegar tv\u00f6 e\u00f0a fleiri l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 standa saman fylgi \u00feau \u00feessari r\u00f6\u00f0 ef ekkert s\u00e9rstakt kemur til sem hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 r\u00f6\u00f0ina \u2013 vi\u00f0 segjum gl\u00e6silegur <\/em>(1) st\u00f3r <\/em>(2) ungur <\/em>(5) rau\u00f0ur <\/em>(6) skagfirskur <\/em>(7) alhli\u00f0a <\/em>(9) g\u00e6\u00f0ingur<\/em>. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 eru runurnar sjaldnast svona langar og engin lei\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0 \u00far \u00f6llum flokkum saman \u00ed einum li\u00f0. R\u00f6\u00f0in getur breyst ef s\u00e9rst\u00f6k \u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 eitthvert \u00feessara atri\u00f0a og eins geta stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0anna skipt m\u00e1li \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00feekkt<\/a> a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fdmsum or\u00f0ap\u00f6rum standa or\u00f0 me\u00f0 n\u00e1l\u00e6gu s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i \u00e1 undan fjarl\u00e6gu \u00ed fj\u00f6lda m\u00e1la. D\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 eru ding \u2013 dong<\/em>, ping \u2013 pong<\/em>, tik \u2013 tak<\/em>, tik \u2013 tok<\/em> o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feetta eru \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0ar reglur sem \u00feau sem eiga ensku a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li fylgja meira og minna \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeim hafi nokkurn t\u00edma veri\u00f0 kenndar \u00fe\u00e6r. Spurningin er n\u00fa hvort svipa\u00f0ar reglur, e\u00f0a einhverjar allt a\u00f0rar, gildi \u00ed \u00edslensku \u2013 e\u00f0a gilda kannski engar s\u00e9rstakar reglur um r\u00f6\u00f0 \u00edslenskra l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0a? Eiga \u00feessir flokkar vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku e\u00f0a er flokkaskiptingin \u00fear kannski allt \u00f6nnur? \u00deetta hefur l\u00edti\u00f0 veri\u00f0 sko\u00f0a\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g best veit en \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i vir\u00f0ast or\u00f0 \u00far fyrsta flokki, \u201esko\u00f0un\u201c, oft koma \u00e1 eftir \u00fdmsum \u00f6\u00f0rum. Vi\u00f0 segjum st\u00f3r <\/em>(2) og sterkur<\/em> (1) frekar en sterkur og st\u00f3r<\/em>, l\u00edtill <\/em>(2) og lj\u00f3tur <\/em>(1) frekar en lj\u00f3tur og l\u00edtill<\/em>, ungur <\/em>(5) og fallegur <\/em>(1) frekar en fallegur og ungur<\/em>, gamall <\/em>(5) og g\u00f3\u00f0ur <\/em>(1) frekar en g\u00f3\u00f0ur og gamall<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6llum \u00feessum d\u00e6mum er fyrra pari\u00f0 margfalt algengara en \u00fea\u00f0 seinna, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>og \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>. \u00dearna getur au\u00f0vita\u00f0 fleira komi\u00f0 til og haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 r\u00f6\u00f0ina, svo sem stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 or\u00f0anna og atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6ldi. Hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum einhverja \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0a tilfinningu fyrir \u00feessu \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 okkur hafi veri\u00f0 kennt \u00feetta \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 getur ekki veri\u00f0 tilviljun a\u00f0 meira en fj\u00f6rut\u00edu sinnum fleiri d\u00e6mi eru um st\u00f3r og sterkur <\/em>en um sterkur og st\u00f3r <\/em>\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>. En \u00feessi p\u00f6r eru \u00f6ll mj\u00f6g algeng og vegna \u00feess hversu oft vi\u00f0 heyrum \u00feau er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 tileinkum okkur reglur um r\u00f6\u00f0 \u00feeirra. Spurningin er hins vegar hvort vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum tilfinningu fyrir e\u00f0lilegri r\u00f6\u00f0 sjaldg\u00e6fari or\u00f0a \u2013 tilfinningu sem byggist \u00e1 merkingu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n

\u00d3me\u00f0vita\u00f0ar reglur af \u00feessu tagi \u00fer\u00f3ast sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt \u00e1 l\u00f6ngum t\u00edma og \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00edslenska og enska s\u00e9u skyld tungum\u00e1l eru \u00e1 anna\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fasund \u00e1r s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00feau greindust a\u00f0 og engin s\u00e9rst\u00f6k \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 sama flokkaskipting og r\u00f6\u00f0 eigi vi\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um m\u00e1lum. Flokkunin og r\u00f6\u00f0in h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan er \u00fev\u00ed sett fyrst og fremst til gamans, til a\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 geti\u00f0 sj\u00e1lf bori\u00f0 hana saman vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lkennd ykkar. En hvernig sem \u00feessu er h\u00e1tta\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kunnum \u2013 \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u2013 alls konar reglur samb\u00e6rilegar reglur sem vi\u00f0 beitum \u00ed m\u00e1lnotkun okkar \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gera okkur grein fyrir \u00fev\u00ed. Til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 tileinkum okkur sl\u00edkar \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0ar reglur \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 lifa og hr\u00e6rast \u00ed au\u00f0ugu m\u00e1lumhverfi og \u00feess vegna skiptir m\u00e1li a\u00f0 hlusta sem mest \u00e1 \u00edslensku, tala hana, lesa og skrifa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stundum notum vi\u00f0 tv\u00f6 e\u00f0a fleiri l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 hvort\/hvert \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0ru me\u00f0 sama nafnor\u00f0inu \u2013 g\u00f6mul og snj\u00e1\u00f0 fl\u00edk, skemmtileg ung \u00fe\u00fdsk kona, o.s.frv. En geta \u00feessi l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed hva\u00f0a r\u00f6\u00f0 sem er? \u00dev\u00ed er haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 enskum l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um megi skipta \u00ed eftirfarandi t\u00edu merkingarflokka sem standi \u00ed \u00feessari r\u00f6\u00f0: (1) sko\u00f0un (\u00f3venjulegur, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8023,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8022\/revisions\/8023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}