{"id":8058,"date":"2026-03-20T09:25:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T09:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8058"},"modified":"2026-03-20T10:20:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T10:20:41","slug":"ny-forsetning-tengdum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/03\/20\/ny-forsetning-tengdum\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fd forsetning: tengdum"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankandum <\/em>er s\u00e9rst\u00f6k f\u00e6rsla um l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 tengdur<\/em> \u00fear sem segir<\/a>: \u201eD\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 ber \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 tengdur<\/strong> s\u00e9 haft \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli \u00ed sta\u00f0 annarra falla \u00ed \u00fdmsum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum. \u00deetta \u00e6tti a\u00f0 varast. D\u00e6mi: \u201eH\u00fan \u00e6tlar a\u00f0 \u00e1fr\u00fdja d\u00f3mi sem h\u00fan hlaut fyrir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamisferli tengdu gjald\u00feroti bankans\u201c \u00ed sta\u00f0: fyrir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamisferli tengt gjald\u00feroti bankans<\/em>. \u201eHann hefur annast \u00e1kve\u00f0in verkefni tengdum kynb\u00f3tum \u00e1 laxi\u201c \u00ed sta\u00f0: Hann hefur annast \u00e1kve\u00f0in verkefni tengd kynb\u00f3tum \u00e1 laxi<\/em>. \u201eTaka tillit til s\u00e9rstakra starfa tengdum aldri\u201c \u00ed sta\u00f0 t.d. Taka tillit til s\u00e9rstakra starfa sem tengjast aldri.<\/em> (Ath. a\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9tta\u201c beygingin \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0asta d\u00e6minu (\u00fe.e. s\u00e9rstakra starfa tengdra aldri<\/em>) hlj\u00f3mar ekki vel \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 sk\u00e1rri en \u201es\u00e9rstakra starfa tengdum aldri\u201c.)\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00c9g nefndi \u00feetta einu sinni \u00ed pistli<\/a> \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c og Hj\u00f6rvar P\u00e9tursson skrifa\u00f0i f\u00e6rslu<\/a> um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fear \u00ed fyrra og nefndi \u00feetta \u201etengdum-\u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur l\u00edka i\u00f0ulega veri\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c \u00fear sem Finnur Birgisson hefur veri\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega i\u00f0inn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 t\u00edna til d\u00e6mi, og kalla\u00f0<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 \u201etengda\u00fe\u00e1gufall\u201c. Me\u00f0al d\u00e6ma sem nefnd hafa veri\u00f0 er \u201ebandar\u00edska d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0 birti millj\u00f3nir skjala tengdum Epstein\u201c \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>\u00ed g\u00e6r, \u201eKr\u00f6fur upp \u00e1 t\u00e6plega 22 milljar\u00f0a \u00ed \u00ferotab\u00fa \u00feriggja f\u00e9laga tengdum Primera Air\u201c \u00ed V\u00edsi <\/em>2022, \u201eH\u00f3tanir hafa gengi\u00f0 \u00e1 milli h\u00f3pa tengdum hn\u00edfstungu\u00e1r\u00e1sinni \u00e1 Bankastr\u00e6ti club\u201c \u00ed V\u00edsi <\/em>2022, \u201egrei\u00f0slan sem f\u00f3ru til f\u00e9laga tengdum ranns\u00f3knarl\u00f6greglumanninum\u201c \u00ed Kjarnanum <\/em>2020, o.fl.<\/p>\n

\u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0unni \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u00ed fyrra voru flest \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feetta v\u00e6ri n\u00fdlegt fyrirb\u00e6ri en \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er a.m.k. sj\u00f6t\u00edu \u00e1ra gamalt. Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g fann vi\u00f0 lauslega leit var \u00ed \u00c6gi <\/em>1957: \u201etil dollarasv\u00e6\u00f0isins, grei\u00f0slubandalagslanda og landa tengdum \u00fev\u00ed sv\u00e6\u00f0i.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1958 segir: \u201e\u00cd \u00fdmsum l\u00f6ndum er n\u00fa b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma upp h\u00e1fjallast\u00f6\u00f0vum til v\u00edsindalegra athugana tengdum Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00e1rinu,\u201c \u201elanda, sem hafa beinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta tengdum fiskvei\u00f0um \u00ed nor\u00f0urh\u00f6fum\u201c og \u201ehann yr\u00f0i mi\u00f0depill \u00feeirra \u00e1taka tengdum nafni s\u00ednu.\u201c \u00cd Skinfaxa <\/em>1959 segir: \u201eme\u00f0fer\u00f0 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9la og t\u00e6kja tengdum vi\u00f0 hana.\u201c \u00cd V\u00edsi <\/em>1960 segir: \u201eEkki var geti\u00f0 neinna upp\u00feota tengdum verkfallinu.\u201c D\u00e6mum hefur s\u00ed\u00f0an fari\u00f0 sm\u00e1m saman fj\u00f6lgandi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6llum \u00feessum d\u00e6mum, og meginhluta d\u00e6ma um \u00feetta fyrirb\u00e6ri yfirleitt, er \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 haft \u00ed sta\u00f0 eignarfalls sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0. En einnig eru d\u00e6mi um anna\u00f0, svo sem \u00ed V\u00edsi <\/em>2021 \u00fear sem segir: \u201e\u00e1 um \u00fea\u00f0 bil tveggja \u00e1ra t\u00edmabili hef\u00f0u um tuttugu millj\u00f3nir kr\u00f3na fari\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum reikninga honum tengdum\u201c \u2013 \u00fearna m\u00e6tti b\u00faast vi\u00f0 \u00feolfallinu tengda<\/em>. Einnig sj\u00e1st d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 a\u00f0rar myndir or\u00f0sins en tengdum<\/em> s\u00e9u nota\u00f0ar andst\u00e6tt m\u00e1lhef\u00f0. \u00c1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>2023 segir: \u201eN\u00e6stu daga ver\u00f0ur unni\u00f0 a\u00f0 till\u00f6gum og framkv\u00e6mdum \u00fev\u00ed tengt.\u201c \u00cd \u00e1varpi r\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00e1 vef Stj\u00f3rnarr\u00e1\u00f0sins 2010 segir: \u201eMarkmi\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 N\u00fdsk\u00f6punarmessu og atbur\u00f0um henni tengdri.\u201c \u00c1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>2021 segir: \u201eFimm hafa l\u00e1tist \u00ed slysum tengdu gosinu.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd tveimur s\u00ed\u00f0ustu d\u00e6munum hef\u00f0i einmitt m\u00e1tt b\u00faast vi\u00f0 myndinni tengdum <\/em>en \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist or\u00f0i\u00f0 ver\u00f0a fyrir \u00e1hrifum fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um \u00ed setningunni \u2013 kvenkynsfornafninu henni <\/em>\u00ed atbur\u00f0um henni tengdri <\/strong><\/em>og hvorugkynsor\u00f0inu gos <\/em>\u00ed tengdu <\/em><\/strong>gosinu<\/em>. Fleiri d\u00e6mi eru nefnd \u00ed tilvitnun \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankann<\/em>. Lj\u00f3st er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 langsamlega algengasta fr\u00e1viki\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u201er\u00e9ttri\u201c beygingu er a\u00f0 nota \u00fe\u00e1gufallsmyndina (\u00ed karlkyni e\u00f0a hvorugkyni) tengdum <\/em>og \u00fe\u00e1 oftast \u00fear sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 eignarfalli \u2013 tengds<\/em> \u00ed karlkyni og hvorugkyni, tengdrar<\/em> \u00ed kvenkyni, tengdra<\/em> \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. En eins og bent er \u00e1 \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>hlj\u00f3mar \u201er\u00e9tta\u201c beygingin (\u00fear sem m.a.s. eru haf\u00f0ar g\u00e6salappir um \u201er\u00e9tta\u201c) oft ekki vel \u00ed sl\u00edkum tilvikum og m\u00f6rgum finnst h\u00fan alveg \u00f3m\u00f6guleg.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 myndin tengdum <\/em>hefur einhverja s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1gufall af \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um hagar s\u00e9r ekki \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0u um \u00feetta \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u00ed fyrra sag\u00f0i K\u00e1ri Emil Helgason a\u00f0 s\u00e9r fyndist tengdum <\/em>\u201evirka h\u00e9r sem for- (e\u00f0a eftir-)setning\u201c og benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall fallor\u00f0s v\u00e6ri endurt\u00falka\u00f0 sem forsetning, eins og s\u00f6kum<\/em>. Fleiri t\u00f3ku undir \u00feetta og fannst \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 tilg\u00e1ta og \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 einmitt \u00fea\u00f0 sem er a\u00f0 gerast. L\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 tengdur <\/em>stj\u00f3rnar \u00fe\u00e1gufalli \u00e1 me\u00f0fylgjandi fallor\u00f0i og \u00feetta \u00fe\u00e1gufall hefur svo \u00e1hrif \u00e1 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 og veldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e6r mynd \u00fe\u00e1gufalls (\u00ed karlkyni e\u00f0a hvorugkyni), tengdum<\/em>, \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 sambeygjast nafnor\u00f0inu sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00ed kyni, t\u00f6lu og falli eins og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 gera.<\/p>\n

Eins og Eir\u00edkur Kristj\u00e1nsson nefndi \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni eru sl\u00edk \u00e1hrif or\u00f0s \u00e1 a\u00f0liggjandi or\u00f0 \u00feekkt fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00ed tungum\u00e1lum og nefnast \u201eattraction<\/a>\u201c \u00e1 ensku \u2013 svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem gerist \u00feegar fornafni\u00f0 hvor <\/em>f\u00e6r sama fall og annar <\/em>\u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og s\u00e1u hvor annan <\/em>> s\u00e1u hvorn <\/strong>annan<\/em>. M\u00e1lnotendur fara \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 skynja tengdum <\/em>sem \u00f3beygjanlegt or\u00f0 \u2013 forsetningu sem st\u00fdri me\u00f0fylgjandi \u00fe\u00e1gufalli. \u00dea\u00f0 er einnig vel \u00feekkt fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00ed tungum\u00e1lum og fellur undir \u00fea\u00f0 sem nefnist \u201egrammaticalization<\/a>\u201c \u00e1 ensku \u2013 hefur veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0<\/a> \u201em\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0iv\u00e6\u00f0ing\u201c e\u00f0a jafnvel \u201em\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ing\u201c \u00e1 \u00edslensku. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed felst a\u00f0 or\u00f0 \u201efr\u00fds\u201c \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0inni mynd og s\u00fa mynd f\u00e6r n\u00fdtt m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ihlutverk. \u00deekkt d\u00e6mi er \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e1gufall nafnor\u00f0sins s\u00f6k <\/em>var\u00f0 a\u00f0<\/a> forsetningunni s\u00f6kum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gegn \u00feessari greiningu m\u00e6tti koma me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 m\u00f3tb\u00e1ru a\u00f0 eins og fram kom h\u00e9r \u00e1 undan felast fr\u00e1vikin fr\u00e1 hef\u00f0inni ekki alltaf \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 myndin tengdum <\/em>s\u00e9 \u201eranglega\u201c notu\u00f0 heldur er stundum einhver \u00f6nnur mynd or\u00f0sins notu\u00f0 \u201eranglega\u201c, og stundum er \u00f6nnur mynd notu\u00f0 \u201eranglega\u201c \u00fear sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 tengdum<\/em>. En \u00feetta s\u00fdnir bara \u00f3vissu og \u00f3\u00f6ryggi m\u00e1lnotenda um notkunina og er einmitt \u00fea\u00f0 sem b\u00faast m\u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00e1 breytingaskei\u00f0i. \u00deessi breyting ska\u00f0ar m\u00e1li\u00f0 ekkert, ekki frekar en \u00fer\u00f3un forsetningarinnar s\u00f6kum <\/em>\u00far \u00fe\u00e1gufalli nafnor\u00f0s \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma. D\u00e6min um tengdum <\/em>h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan eru \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun ekki \u201evillur\u201c, ekki d\u00e6mi um ranglega beygt l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0, heldur um n\u00fdja forsetningu sem vi\u00f0 \u00e6ttum a\u00f0 taka fagnandi og vi\u00f0urkenna sem r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankandum er s\u00e9rst\u00f6k f\u00e6rsla um l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0 tengdur \u00fear sem segir: \u201eD\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 ber \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 tengdur s\u00e9 haft \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli \u00ed sta\u00f0 annarra falla \u00ed \u00fdmsum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum. \u00deetta \u00e6tti a\u00f0 varast. D\u00e6mi: \u201eH\u00fan \u00e6tlar a\u00f0 \u00e1fr\u00fdja d\u00f3mi sem h\u00fan hlaut fyrir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamisferli tengdu gjald\u00feroti bankans\u201c \u00ed sta\u00f0: fyrir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamisferli tengt gjald\u00feroti bankans. \u201eHann […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8058"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8061,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8058\/revisions\/8061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}