{"id":8096,"date":"2026-04-01T11:15:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T11:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8096"},"modified":"2026-04-01T11:15:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T11:15:05","slug":"eg-hangdi-her-i-gaer-og-heng-her-aftur-i-dag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/04\/01\/eg-hangdi-her-i-gaer-og-heng-her-aftur-i-dag\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9g hangdi h\u00e9r \u00ed g\u00e6r og heng h\u00e9r aftur \u00ed dag"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 sagnarinnar hanga <\/em>til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u2013 hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 segja \u00e9g heng <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00e9g hangi<\/em>. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0unni var nefnt a\u00f0 heng <\/em>v\u00e6ri \u201ebarnam\u00e1l\u201c og \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur voru samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 hangi <\/em>v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e9tta \u2013 s\u00fa beyging er ein s\u00fdnd \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum, Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em> og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eNt. hangi (ekki: \u201eheng\u201c). [\u2026] Jakkinn hangir<\/strong> \u00e1 snaganum (ekki: jakkinn \u201ehengur\u201c \u00e1 snaganum).\u201c \u00cd kverinu G\u00e6tum tungunnar <\/em>segir: \u201eEinhver sag\u00f0i: <\/em>Myndin hengur \u00e1 veggnum. R\u00e9tt v\u00e6ri: <\/em>Myndin hangir<\/em> \u00e1 veggnum.\u201c \u00cd upptalningu \u00e1 \u201evillum\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2010 segir<\/a>: \u201evi\u00f0 heyrum allt \u00ed kringum okkur [\u2026] \u201e\u00falpan heingur\u201c.\u201c \u00cd Sk\u00edrni <\/em>2017 segir<\/a>: \u201eFyrir ber a\u00f0 heyrist \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0li or\u00f0i\u00f0 ,,hengur\u201c \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir ,,hangir\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00dev\u00ed fer samt fjarri a\u00f0 myndirnar heng <\/em>\u00ed fyrstu pers\u00f3nu og hengur <\/em>\u00ed annarri og \u00feri\u00f0ju pers\u00f3nu s\u00e9u n\u00fdjar \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u2013 hengur <\/em>kemur fyrir<\/a> \u00ed elstu prentu\u00f0u b\u00f3k \u00e1 \u00edslensku, \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Odds Gottsk\u00e1lkssonar \u00e1 N\u00fdja testamentinu<\/em>: \u201e\u00cd \u00feessum tveimur bo\u00f0or\u00f0um hengur allt l\u00f6gm\u00e1l og sp\u00e1menn.\u201c Fleiri d\u00e6mi um \u00feessa beygingarmynd er a\u00f0 finna<\/a> \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum Odds. Myndin heng <\/em>kemur fyrir<\/a> \u00ed \u201eK\u00f3ngssona kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u201c sem var\u00f0veitt er \u00ed handriti fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar: \u201eFyrr eg upp \u00ed g\u00e1lga heng \/ en eg breg\u00f0i hn\u00edfi \u00e1 streng.\u201c En annars er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki fyrr en seint \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld sem \u00feessar myndir fara a\u00f0 sj\u00e1st \u00e1 prenti. \u00cd St\u00e9ttabar\u00e1ttunni <\/em>1976 segir: \u201e\u00c1 veggnum fyrir ofan hann hengur mynd af einni fr\u00e6gustu frelsishetju Palest\u00ednumanna fr\u00e1 str\u00ed\u00f0inu 1948.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feessar myndir eru mj\u00f6g algengar \u00ed \u00f3formlegu n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>eru um 650 d\u00e6mi um heng <\/em>og um 1300 um hengur \u00ad<\/em>\u2013 n\u00e6stum allar af samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lum. \u00deessi mikla t\u00ed\u00f0ni bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hafi t\u00ed\u00f0kast lengi \u00ed talm\u00e1li, hugsanlega um aldir, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r hafi l\u00edti\u00f0 komist \u00e1 prent. \u00cd sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r eru \u00feetta mj\u00f6g e\u00f0lilegar myndir \u2013 hanga <\/em>r\u00edmar vi\u00f0 ganga <\/em>b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed nafnh\u00e6tti og \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, h\u00e9kk \u2013 gekk<\/em>, og \u00fev\u00ed skiljanlegt a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur lagi n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 hanga <\/em>a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 ganga <\/em>sem er mun algengari s\u00f6gn og segi heng<\/em>, hengur <\/em>eins og geng<\/em>, gengur<\/em>. Myndirnar heng <\/em>og hengur <\/em>eru \u00ed raun \u00fe\u00e6r sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 af sterkri s\u00f6gn, eins og hanga <\/em>er venjulega flokku\u00f0 vegna \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arinnar, en myndirnar hangi <\/em>og hangir<\/em> eru \u00f3e\u00f0lilegar \u2013 myndir veikrar beygingar.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feess vegna ekki undarlegt a\u00f0 annars konar tilhneiging til a\u00f0 breyta beygingu sagnarinnar hafi komi\u00f0 fram, \u00fear sem \u00feessar veiku n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0armyndir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ina. \u00cd \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>fr\u00e1 1920-1924 er myndin hangdi <\/em>gefin<\/a> og merkt \u201e(Skag.)\u201c en \u00feessi \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 var \u00fe\u00f3 mun \u00fatbreiddari eins og kom fram hj\u00e1 \u00c1rna B\u00f6\u00f0varssyni sem fjalla\u00f0i nokkrum sinnum um hana \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenzk tunga\u201c \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0viljanum <\/em>1960-1961 og sag\u00f0i<\/a> m.a.: \u201e\u00de\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in hangdi<\/strong> af s\u00f6gninni a\u00f0 hanga mun miklu \u00fatbreiddari en \u00e9g hug\u00f0i, og eru heimildir um hana \u00far \u00deingeyjars\u00fdslu, Flj\u00f3tum \u00ed Skagafir\u00f0i, Flj\u00f3tsdalsh\u00e9ra\u00f0i, og einnig kemur h\u00fan fyrir \u00ed einu handriti Snorra-Eddu (Konungsb\u00f3k). \u00dev\u00ed er l\u00edklegt h\u00fan s\u00e9 til v\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 landinu en h\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 tilgreint.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00c1rni haf\u00f0i<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 eftir heimildarm\u00f6nnum a\u00f0 stundum v\u00e6ri merkingarmunur \u00e1 h\u00e9kk <\/em>og hangdi<\/em>: \u201eEf \u00e1tt er vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 hangi t.d. ne\u00f0an \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru, merkingin er b\u00f3kstafleg, er notu\u00f0 venjuleg sterk beyging or\u00f0sins: \u201ekj\u00f6ti\u00f0 h\u00e9kk<\/strong> \u00ed rj\u00e1frinu.\u201c Hins vegar er notu\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in hangdi<\/strong> \u00ed \u00f3eiginlegri e\u00f0a afleiddri merkingu: \u201ema\u00f0urinn hangdi \u00ed b\u00fa\u00f0inni\u201c, \u00fear sem flestir a\u00f0rir segja h\u00e9kk<\/strong>.\u201c \u00deetta er mj\u00f6g \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ur greinarmunur, en hefur \u00fe\u00f3 sennilega ekki veri\u00f0 almennur og veika \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in vir\u00f0ist v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar hafa veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um merkingum. \u00cd Nor\u00f0anfara <\/em>1863 segir til d\u00e6mis: \u201ef\u00f6tin hangdu \u00ed druslum utan \u00e1 henni\u201c og \u201eJ\u00f3n hangdi n\u00fa \u00fearna yfir henni gr\u00e1tandi\u201c \u2013 \u00fearna er veika \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in notu\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed eiginlegri og \u00f3eiginlegri merkingu \u00ed sama bla\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

Veika \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in var mj\u00f6g algeng \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og slaga\u00f0i h\u00e1tt upp \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 sterku, en eftir aldam\u00f3tin f\u00f3r d\u00e6mum \u00f6rt f\u00e6kkandi. \u00dea\u00f0 r\u00edmar vi\u00f0 or\u00f0<\/a> heimildarmanns \u00c1rna B\u00f6\u00f0varssonar \u00far Berufir\u00f0i: \u201eBeygingin hangdi var algeng vi\u00f0 Berufj\u00f6r\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e6sku minni um aldam\u00f3tin. En n\u00e6r er m\u00e9r a\u00f0 halda a\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0u kennararanir sem \u00e1 \u00feeim \u00e1rum t\u00f3ku vi\u00f0 barnafr\u00e6\u00f0slunni hafi uppr\u00e6tt hana.\u201c L\u00edfsmark var \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 veiku \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0inni alla \u00f6ldina, e.t.v. fremur nor\u00f0anlands. G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson segir<\/a> \u00ed \u201e\u00cdslensku m\u00e1li\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1991: \u201emargir segja hangdi<\/strong> \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, og svo l\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00e9g a\u00f0 tala.\u201c \u00cd ritd\u00f3mi um \u00cdslandsklukkuna <\/em>\u00ed J\u00f6r\u00f0 <\/em>1945 segir<\/a>: \u201eA\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u var\u00f0 Sunnlendingurinn H.K.L. a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja m\u00e1lleysuna \u201eh\u00e1ngdi\u201c til Nor\u00f0urlands, \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan fyrirfannst \u00fear.\u201c<\/p>\n

En n\u00fa vir\u00f0ist veika \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in vera algerlega horfin \u2013 \u00ed Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>er ekki eitt einasta d\u00e6mi um hana og ekki hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 vara vi\u00f0 henni \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>. Svo er a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 sem m\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar- og m\u00e1lhreinsunarstefnu fyrri hluta tuttugustu aldar hafi tekist a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma henni. En \u2013 \u201e\u00fe\u00f3tt n\u00e1tt\u00faran s\u00e9 lamin me\u00f0 lurk, leitar h\u00fan \u00fat um s\u00ed\u00f0ir\u201c. Eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur finna m\u00e1lnotendur a\u00f0 beyging sagnarinnar hanga <\/em>er eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9rkennileg, og leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 laga hana a\u00f0 \u00feekktum mynstrum. Fyrst \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0in f\u00e9kk ekki a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a veik, hangdi<\/em>, f\u00e6r s\u00fa tilhneiging \u00fatr\u00e1s \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0in er ger\u00f0 sterk, heng<\/em> \u2013 v\u00e6ntanlega fyrst \u00ed barnam\u00e1li eins og oftast er me\u00f0 m\u00e1lbreytingar, en b\u00f6rnin fullor\u00f0nast og halda \u00feessu m\u00f6rg hver. M\u00e9r finnst satt a\u00f0 segja l\u00edtil \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r var n\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0 sagnarinnar hanga til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c \u2013 hvort \u00e6tti a\u00f0 segja \u00e9g heng e\u00f0a \u00e9g hangi. \u00cd umr\u00e6\u00f0unni var nefnt a\u00f0 heng v\u00e6ri \u201ebarnam\u00e1l\u201c og \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur voru samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 hangi v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e9tta \u2013 s\u00fa beyging er ein s\u00fdnd \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum, Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum segir: \u201eNt. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8097,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8096\/revisions\/8097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}