{"id":8116,"date":"2026-04-11T18:02:31","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8116"},"modified":"2026-04-11T18:02:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T18:02:31","slug":"karlkynsord-med-o-i-stofni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/04\/11\/karlkynsord-med-o-i-stofni\/","title":{"rendered":"Karlkynsor\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6 \u00ed stofni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sterk karlkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa \u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed stofni \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu eru vi\u00f0sj\u00e1lsgripir vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau geta haft \u00ferenns konar beygingu. St\u00e6rsti flokkurinn eru or\u00f0 eins og k\u00f6ttur<\/em> sem skipta \u00f6 <\/em>\u00fat fyrir e <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli eint\u00f6lu (ketti<\/em>) og nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu (kettir<\/em>, ketti<\/em>) en fyrir a <\/em>\u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu (kattar<\/em>) og fleirt\u00f6lu (katta<\/em>). Svo eru til or\u00f0 \u00fear sem -ur <\/em>er ending nefnifalls eint\u00f6lu og \u00f6 <\/em>helst \u00ed allri beygingunni, eins og h\u00f6ldur <\/em>(eignarfall eint\u00f6lu h\u00f6lds<\/em>, nefnifall fleirt\u00f6lu h\u00f6ldar<\/em>); og enn \u00f6nnur halda \u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed allri beygingunni og hafa stofnl\u00e6gt -r<\/em>, eins og j\u00f6fur <\/em>(eignarfall eint\u00f6lu j\u00f6furs<\/em>, nefnifall fleirt\u00f6lu j\u00f6frar<\/em>). Vi\u00f0 \u00feetta m\u00e1 b\u00e6ta or\u00f0um me\u00f0 j\u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed stofni eins og fj\u00f6r\u00f0ur <\/em>\u2013 \u00feau beygjast eins og k\u00f6ttur <\/em>a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed undanskildu a\u00f0 \u00feau f\u00e1 i <\/em>\u00fear sem hin or\u00f0in f\u00e1 e <\/em>(fir\u00f0i<\/em>, fir\u00f0ir<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Vandinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er engin lei\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a beyginguna af nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu einu saman, heldur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir hvert or\u00f0 um sig \u00ed hvern \u00feessara flokka \u00fea\u00f0 fellur. \u00deetta er ekkert vandam\u00e1l me\u00f0 algeng or\u00f0 eins og k\u00f6ttur<\/em> og fj\u00f6r\u00f0ur<\/em>, enda er beyging \u00feeirra ekkert \u00e1 reiki. En m\u00e1li\u00f0 vandast me\u00f0 sjaldg\u00e6fari or\u00f0, sem f\u00f3lk rekst s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00ed aukaf\u00f6llum. Or\u00f0in k\u00f6kkur <\/em>og m\u00f6kkur <\/em>beygjast venjulega eins og k\u00f6ttur<\/em>, en talsvert er um a\u00f0 \u00f6 <\/em>s\u00e9 haldi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu \u2013 k\u00f6kk<\/em>, m\u00f6kk<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 kekki<\/em>, mekki<\/em>; k\u00f6kks<\/em>, m\u00f6kks <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 kakkar<\/em>, makkar<\/em>. \u00deetta er ekki n\u00fdtt \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi um m\u00f6kks <\/em>er fr\u00e1 1878. Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tengsl eru milli stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0s og endingar \u2013 ef anna\u00f0 \u00a0breytist breytist hitt l\u00edka. \u00dea\u00f0 eru engin d\u00e6mi um *k\u00f6kkar<\/em>, *m\u00f6kkar <\/em>\u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu.<\/p>\n

Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0 sem hefur flakka\u00f0 milli flokka er h\u00f6ldur<\/em> sem \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li merkir 'jar\u00f0eigandi, \u00f3\u00f0alsb\u00f3ndi' en er sagt \u201efornt\/\u00farelt\u201c \u00ed \u00feeirri merkingu \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>\u2013 \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 einfaldlega sk\u00fdrt<\/a> 'karlma\u00f0ur'. \u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li kemur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 einkum fyrir sem heiti \u00e1 b\u00edlaleigu, H\u00f6ldur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 beygjast eins og k\u00f6ttur <\/em>\u2013 \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1993 segir t.d.: \u201eVi\u00f0 hj\u00e1 Heldi st\u00f6ndum \u00feetta af okkur.\u201c G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson minntist margoft \u00e1 \u00feetta or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1ttum s\u00ednum um \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em> og undra\u00f0ist<\/a> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1987 \u201ehversu fur\u00f0ulega m\u00f6nnum gengur illa a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 jafneinfalt or\u00f0 og fyrirt\u00e6kisheiti\u00f0 H\u00f6ldur<\/strong>. \u00dea\u00f0 beygist n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega eins og hestur<\/strong>: H\u00f6ldur<\/strong>, um H\u00f6ld<\/strong>, fr\u00e1 H\u00f6ldi<\/strong>, til H\u00f6lds<\/strong>.\u201c<\/p>\n

Svo er \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00f6gur <\/em>sem \u00ed fornu sk\u00e1ldam\u00e1li merkti 'sonur' en kemur \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li helst fyrir \u00ed samsetningunni \u00e1stm\u00f6gur <\/em>sem sk\u00fdrt<\/a> er 'ma\u00f0ur sem n\u00fdtur mikillar hylli' \u00ed \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>\u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 eru ekki s\u00edst \u00feeir J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson og J\u00f3n Sigur\u00f0sson sem f\u00e1 \u00feessa einkunn. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 m\u00f6gur<\/em>, og samsetningin \u00e1stm\u00f6gur<\/em>, beyg\u00f0ist eins og k\u00f6ttur <\/em>en nokkur tilhneiging er til a\u00f0 hafa r-<\/em>i\u00f0 stofnl\u00e6gt og segja \u00e1stm\u00f6gri<\/em>, \u00e1stm\u00f6gurs <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu \u00ed sta\u00f0 hinna \u201er\u00e9ttu\u201c forma \u00e1stmegi<\/em>, \u00e1stmagar <\/em>\u2013 sem \u00e9g ver\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna a\u00f0 m\u00e9r finnst hlj\u00f3ma undarlega. Einnig m\u00e1 finna d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 beygt eins og h\u00f6ldur<\/em>, \u00fe.e. stofninn haf\u00f0ur \u00e1stm\u00f6g-<\/em> en \u00f6 <\/em>haldi\u00f0 \u00ed allri eint\u00f6lunni og sagt \u00e1stm\u00f6g <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og \u00e1stm\u00f6gs <\/em>\u00ed eignarfalli.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00feetta eru tv\u00e6r vel \u00feekktar tilhneigingar sem stundum vinna hvor gegn annarri. \u00d6nnur er s\u00fa a\u00f0 halda sama stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i \u00ed allri beygingunni eins og \u00feegar mekki<\/em>, makkar <\/em>ver\u00f0ur m\u00f6kk<\/em>, m\u00f6kks<\/em>, og \u00e1stmagar <\/em>ver\u00f0ur \u00e1stm\u00f6gurs <\/em>e\u00f0a \u00e1stm\u00f6gs<\/em>. Hin er a\u00f0 laga beygingu or\u00f0a me\u00f0 sjaldg\u00e6f beygingarmynstur a\u00f0 beygingu fj\u00f6lskipa\u00f0ri flokka, eins og \u00feegar H\u00f6ldi<\/em>, H\u00f6lds <\/em>ver\u00f0ur Heldi<\/em>, Haldar<\/em>. \u00c9g er almennt \u00feeirrar sko\u00f0unar a\u00f0 \u00e6skilegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 halda \u00ed m\u00e1lhef\u00f0 og \u00feess vegna m\u00e6li \u00e9g ekki me\u00f0 \u00feeim fr\u00e1vikum fr\u00e1 henni sem h\u00e9r hafa veri\u00f0 nefnd. Hins vegar eru \u00feau s\u00e1rasaklaus og engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 \u00feeim \u2013 \u00f3tal d\u00e6mi eru um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju a\u00f0 or\u00f0 f\u00e6rist milli beygingarflokka og \u00ed f\u00e6stum tilvikum vita almennir m\u00e1lnotendur af \u00fevi a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur gerst.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sterk karlkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa \u00f6 \u00ed stofni \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu eru vi\u00f0sj\u00e1lsgripir vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau geta haft \u00ferenns konar beygingu. St\u00e6rsti flokkurinn eru or\u00f0 eins og k\u00f6ttur sem skipta \u00f6 \u00fat fyrir e \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli eint\u00f6lu (ketti) og nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu (kettir, ketti) en fyrir a \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu (kattar) og fleirt\u00f6lu (katta). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8116"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8117,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8116\/revisions\/8117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}