{"id":8135,"date":"2026-04-26T22:11:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T22:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8135"},"modified":"2026-04-26T22:11:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T22:11:43","slug":"kuin-kyrina-kyrinni-kuarinnar-eda-hvad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/04\/26\/kuin-kyrina-kyrinni-kuarinnar-eda-hvad\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fain \u2013 k\u00fdrina \u2013 k\u00fdrinni \u2013 k\u00faarinnar \u2013 e\u00f0a hva\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er alkunna a\u00f0 beyging or\u00f0sins k\u00fdr <\/em>v\u00edkur i\u00f0ulega fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem er vi\u00f0urkennt og tali\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c enda hefur hefur margoft veri\u00f0 fjalla\u00f0 um hana \u00ed hvers kyns m\u00e1lfars\u00fe\u00e1ttum. \u00cd flj\u00f3ti brag\u00f0i m\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 beygingin v\u00e6ri mj\u00f6g einf\u00f6ld og au\u00f0l\u00e6r\u00f0, mismunandi beygingarmyndir \u00ed eint\u00f6lu \u00e1n greinis a\u00f0eins tv\u00e6r. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>1988 sag\u00f0i<\/a> G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson: \u201eEnn er or\u00f0i\u00f0 k\u00fdr<\/strong> a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00e6last fyrir l\u00e6r\u00f0um og leikum. Undarlegt hva\u00f0 blessu\u00f0 skepnan er m\u00f6nnum erfi\u00f0, eins og beyging nafnsins er reyndar au\u00f0veld. \u00c1n greinis eru nefnifall og eignarfall eins, \u00feolfall og \u00fe\u00e1gufall eins: K\u00fdr<\/strong>, um k\u00fa<\/strong>, fr\u00e1 k\u00fa<\/strong>, til k\u00fdr<\/strong>. \u00deetta er n\u00fa ekki fl\u00f3ki\u00f0. Varla \u00e6tti svo heldur a\u00f0 vera, \u00fe\u00f3 greinir b\u00e6tist vi\u00f0: k\u00fdrin<\/strong>, um k\u00fana<\/strong>, fr\u00e1 k\u00fanni<\/strong>, til k\u00fdrinnar<\/strong>.\u201c<\/p>\n

En vegna \u00feess hversu oft beygingin v\u00edkur fr\u00e1 \u00feessu er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 ekki er allt sem s\u00fdnist \u2013 ef beygingin v\u00e6ri eins au\u00f0veld og l\u00e1ti\u00f0 er \u00ed ve\u00f0ri vaka myndi h\u00fan ekki vefjast svona fyrir m\u00e1lnotendum. \u00dea\u00f0 sem gerir hana svo erfi\u00f0a er fyrst og fremst \u00fea\u00f0 sem G\u00edsli nefnir en telur au\u00f0velt \u2013 mynstri\u00f0 \u00fear sem nefnifall og eignarfall eru eins, og einnig \u00feolfall og \u00fe\u00e1gufall. \u00deetta mynstur er nefnilega n\u00e1nast einst\u00e6tt me\u00f0al nafnor\u00f0a \u2013 fyrir utan k\u00fdr <\/em>er \u00fea\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e6r <\/em>(og s\u00fdr<\/em> sem er aldrei nota\u00f0) sem fylgir \u00fev\u00ed, og \u00fear eru tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed beygingu einnig algeng. Vi\u00f0 \u00feetta b\u00e6tast a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur tv\u00f6 all\u00f3l\u00edk stofntilbrig\u00f0i, k\u00fdr <\/em>og k\u00fa<\/em>, og auk \u00feess er \u00fea\u00f0 endingarlaust \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu sem er mj\u00f6g \u00f3vanalegt. Beygingin er \u00fev\u00ed afbrig\u00f0ileg \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 hef\u00f0bundinni beygingu m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00fdra \u00feannig a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur s\u00e9u a\u00f0 leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fella beygingu or\u00f0sins a\u00f0 almennum beygingarmynstrum og losna vi\u00f0 stofntilbrig\u00f0i. \u00deetta er einkum gert me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota tilbrig\u00f0i\u00f0 k\u00fa <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 k\u00fdr <\/em>og \u00f6fugt, og me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gefa \u00e1kve\u00f0num myndum n\u00fdjar endingar. \u00deannig ver\u00f0ur nefnifall eint\u00f6lu i\u00f0ulega k\u00fa<\/em>, me\u00f0 greini k\u00fain<\/em>. \u00deetta var lengi sjalds\u00e9\u00f0 \u00e1 prenti en hins vegar m\u00e1 finna \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um mi\u00f0ja s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld a\u00f0 h\u00e6\u00f0st s\u00e9 a\u00f0 \u00feessari beygingu sem hefur \u00fev\u00ed greinilega t\u00ed\u00f0kast. \u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1943 segir: \u201eKennarinn var a\u00f0 kenna m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i og ba\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta villu \u00ed \u00feessari setningu: \u201eHesturinn og k\u00fain eru \u00e1 beit.\u201c \u00cd \u00c6skunni <\/em>1953 segir: \u201eLei\u00f0r\u00e9ttu \u00feetta: Bolinn og k\u00fain f\u00f3ru inn \u00ed fj\u00f3si\u00f0.\u201c<\/p>\n

F\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi um nefnifalli\u00f0 k\u00fa <\/em>m\u00e1 finna \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>fyrir 1980 en upp \u00far \u00fev\u00ed fer \u00feeim fj\u00f6lgandi, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00feeirra s\u00e9 vissulega veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera athugasemdir vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 beygingu. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2010 var Mj\u00f3lkurb\u00fai\u00f0 K\u00fa <\/em>stofna\u00f0 og \u00e1ri\u00f0 2011 Kaffi K\u00fa<\/em> en b\u00e6\u00f0i heitin hafa stundum veri\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed \u201eM\u00e1lv\u00f6ndunar\u00fe\u00e6ttinum\u201c. Einnig eru g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 stofninn k\u00fa-<\/em> s\u00e9 nota\u00f0ur \u00ed eignarfalli \u00ed sta\u00f0 k\u00fdr<\/em> og eignarfallinu gefin ending og haft k\u00faar<\/em> \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er t.d. gert \u00ed m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i Run\u00f3lfs J\u00f3nssonar fr\u00e1 1651. Sl\u00e6\u00f0ingur er af d\u00e6mum um \u00feetta eignarfall fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed snemma \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, t.d. \u201eStarfsvi\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 safna vissu um notagildi hverrar einstakrar k\u00faar, og er \u00f3breytt enn\u201c \u00ed B\u00fana\u00f0arritinu <\/em>1927, en flest d\u00e6min eru \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed eftir 1990.<\/p>\n

Hitt kemur l\u00edka fyrir, a\u00f0 tilbrig\u00f0i\u00f0 k\u00fdr <\/em>s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 k\u00fa<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli og \u00fe\u00e1gufalli. \u00deetta kemur fyrir<\/a> \u00feegar \u00ed Gu\u00f0brandsbibl\u00edu <\/em>fr\u00e1 1584 \u2013 \u201e\u00feeirra fl\u00f3ttamenn fl\u00fa\u00f0u fr\u00e1 \u00feeirri \u00ferevetri k\u00fdrinni\u201c. \u00cd Dagsbr\u00fan <\/em>1919 segir: \u201eK\u00fdrinni, sem eftir lif\u00f0i, l\u00ed\u00f0ur enn \u00e1g\u00e6tlega, hausti\u00f0 1906.\u201c \u00cd Lj\u00f3sberanum <\/em>1945 segir: \u201eMe\u00f0an \u00e9g batt k\u00fdrina vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0i\u00f0, hlj\u00f3p Carlo ni\u00f0ur brekkuna.\u201c D\u00e6mi um \u00feetta \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru \u00fe\u00f3 ekki m\u00f6rg, og \u00ed \u00feeim m\u00f6rgum er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera athugasemd vi\u00f0 \u00feessa beygingu eins og t.d. \u00ed Vorinu <\/em>1951 \u00fear sem segir: \u201e\u00c1ttu a\u00f0 segja k\u00fdrina? Kanntu ekki a\u00f0 beygja or\u00f0i\u00f0 r\u00e9tt?\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2001 segir fr\u00e1 barni sem \u00e1tti a\u00f0 yrkja lj\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir sk\u00f3lann og f\u00e9kk fyrirm\u00e6li \u00e1 bla\u00f0i: \u201e\u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed st\u00f3\u00f0u \u00feau fyrirm\u00e6li a\u00f0 lj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera um \u201ek\u00fdrina\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n

Fleiri tilbrig\u00f0i m\u00e1 finna. Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem er s\u00e9rkennilegt \u00ed beygingu or\u00f0sins k\u00fdr<\/em> (og gildir l\u00edka um \u00e6r<\/em>) er a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er endingarlaust \u00ed nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu, og hefur \u00fear s\u00f6mu mynd og \u00ed nefnifalli (og eignarfalli) eint\u00f6lu. \u00deetta er andst\u00e6tt \u00fev\u00ed sem gildir um \u00f6nnur sterk kvenkynsor\u00f0, sem hafa \u00fdmist endinguna -ar<\/em>, -ir<\/em> e\u00f0a -ur <\/em>\u00ed \u00feessum f\u00f6llum. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed engin fur\u00f0a a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendum finnist stundum vanta endingu \u00e1 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessum f\u00f6llum og b\u00e6ti henni vi\u00f0. \u00cd Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1946 segir: \u201e\u00feeir st\u00f3\u00f0u b\u00e1\u00f0ir og st\u00f6r\u00f0u \u00e1 k\u00fdrar, sem voru \u00e1 beit fyrir framan \u00fe\u00e1.\u201c \u00cd \u00cdslenskum landb\u00fana\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum <\/em>1981 segir: \u201eUm innist\u00f6\u00f0ut\u00edmann f\u00e1 k\u00fdrar nokkra hreyfingu.\u201c \u00cd Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2015 segir: \u201eK\u00fdrar \u00e9ta meira af \u00feessu f\u00f3\u00f0ri og nytin eykst.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00dev\u00ed er stundum haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 beyging or\u00f0anna k\u00fdr <\/em>og \u00e6r <\/em>hafi fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 ri\u00f0last \u00feegar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in flutti \u00e1 m\u00f6lina og umgekkst ekki lengur \u00feessar skepnur daglega, og vissulega m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 beyging or\u00f0a sem eru \u00ed daglegri notkun haldist fremur st\u00f6\u00f0ug en beyging or\u00f0a sem f\u00f3lk notar s\u00e1rasjaldan og \u00feekkir kannski a\u00f0allega af b\u00f3kum. Oft er l\u00edka sagt a\u00f0 vegna \u00feess hversu vandbeyg\u00f0 or\u00f0in eru for\u00f0ist m\u00e1lnotendur \u00feau og noti belja <\/em>og rolla <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0inn. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 athyglisvert \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi a\u00f0 talsvert af d\u00e6mum um myndir eins og k\u00fain<\/em>, k\u00faar<\/em>, k\u00fdrinni<\/em>, k\u00fdrar <\/em>er \u00far ritum eins og B\u00fana\u00f0arritinu<\/em>, B\u00e6ndabla\u00f0inu<\/em>, B\u00fana\u00f0arbla\u00f0inu Frey<\/em>, \u00cdslenskum landb\u00fana\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum<\/em> og Vasakveri <\/em>S\u00cdS fyrir b\u00e6ndur \u2013 ritum \u00fear sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundar \u00feekktu or\u00f0in vel.<\/p>\n

Vegna \u00feess hversu beyging or\u00f0anna k\u00fdr <\/em>og \u00e6r <\/em>er \u00f3venjuleg, og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0in eru ekki lengur hluti af kjarnaor\u00f0afor\u00f0a almennings, hef \u00e9g litla tr\u00fa \u00e1 a\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundin beyging \u00feeirra eigi s\u00e9r mikla framt\u00ed\u00f0. \u00c9g \u00fearf sj\u00e1lfur alltaf a\u00f0 hugsa mig um \u00feegar \u00e9g nota \u00feau, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g s\u00e9 alinn upp \u00ed sveit. En eins og h\u00e9r hefur komi\u00f0 fram ganga breytingar \u00e1 beygingunni \u00ed mismunandi \u00e1ttir og ekkert mynstur sem g\u00e6ti leyst hef\u00f0bundna beygingu af h\u00f3lmi hefur fest \u00ed sessi. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ru samt engin s\u00e9rst\u00f6k m\u00e1lspj\u00f6ll \u00fe\u00f3tt beygingin breyttist, en \u00e9g er ekki a\u00f0 m\u00e6la me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 m\u00e9r finnst \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 halda sig vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundna beygingu og halda henni a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnum. Hins vegar er fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 nota \u00feessi or\u00f0 til a\u00f0 hanka nemendur \u00e1 beygingu \u00feeirra \u00e1 pr\u00f3fum eins og lengi hefur t\u00ed\u00f0kast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er alkunna a\u00f0 beyging or\u00f0sins k\u00fdr v\u00edkur i\u00f0ulega fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem er vi\u00f0urkennt og tali\u00f0 \u201er\u00e9tt\u201c enda hefur hefur margoft veri\u00f0 fjalla\u00f0 um hana \u00ed hvers kyns m\u00e1lfars\u00fe\u00e1ttum. \u00cd flj\u00f3ti brag\u00f0i m\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 beygingin v\u00e6ri mj\u00f6g einf\u00f6ld og au\u00f0l\u00e6r\u00f0, mismunandi beygingarmyndir \u00ed eint\u00f6lu \u00e1n greinis a\u00f0eins tv\u00e6r. \u00cd \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8136,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8135\/revisions\/8136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}