{"id":8137,"date":"2026-04-27T10:31:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8137"},"modified":"2026-04-27T10:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:56:24","slug":"jokust-vinsaeldirnar-eda-jukust-thaer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/04\/27\/jokust-vinsaeldirnar-eda-jukust-thaer\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f3kust vins\u00e6ldirnar \u2013 e\u00f0a jukust \u00fe\u00e6r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum \u201eSkemmtileg \u00edslensk or\u00f0\u201c var veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lakennari hef\u00f0i sagt \u201evins\u00e6ldir hans j\u00f3kust\u201c \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpsvi\u00f0tali. \u00cd skrifa\u00f0ri ger\u00f0 vi\u00f0talsins \u00e1 vef <em>R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>hefur \u00feessu n\u00fa veri\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruv.is\/frettir\/innlent\/2026-04-26-tilraedid-vid-bandarikjaforseta-kunni-ad-kynda-undir-samsaeriskenningum-473705\">breytt<\/a> \u00ed <em>jukust <\/em>sem er hin venjulega og vi\u00f0urkennda mynd eins og <a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/434181\">fram kemur<\/a> \u00ed <em>Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>, en \u00fear er l\u00edka bent \u00e1 \u00fdmis tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed beygingu sagnarinnar: \u201e\u00cd Stafsetningaror\u00f0ab\u00f3kinni (2016) er vi\u00f0tengingarh\u00e1ttur \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar af s\u00f6gninni <strong>auka<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/stafsetning.arnastofnun.is\/fletta\/23284\">haf\u00f0ur<\/a> <strong>yki<\/strong>: <em>\u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g auki\/yki minn hlut<\/em>. Hj\u00e1 Valt\u00fd Gu\u00f0mundssyni (<em>Islandsk grammatik<\/em> 1922) er \u00feri\u00f0ja kennimynd <strong>jukum<\/strong> (<strong>ukum<\/strong>) og vi\u00f0tengingarh\u00e1ttur \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar <strong>jyki<\/strong> (<strong>yki<\/strong>). [\u2026] D\u00e6mi um j-lausa fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed vi\u00f0tengingarh\u00e6ttinum finnast l\u00edka [\u2026]\u201c, svo sem <em>jykust<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dearna er myndin <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>\u00fe\u00f3 ekki nefnd, og ekki heldur <em>j\u00f3kum <\/em>\u00ed fyrstu pers\u00f3nu fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, en hvort tveggja kemur \u00fe\u00f3 fyrir \u00e1 \u00fdmsum t\u00edmum. \u00cd <em>Biskupas\u00f6gum J\u00f3ns pr\u00f3fasts Halld\u00f3rssonar <\/em>fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar segir: \u201e\u00deann 29da Augusti j\u00f3kust \u00f3h\u00e6gindin fyrir hans brj\u00f3sti.\u201c \u00cd <em>\u00c1rb\u00f3kum Esp\u00f3l\u00edns <\/em>fr\u00e1 fyrsta hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar eru nokkur d\u00e6mi, m.a.: \u201e\u00c1 \u00feeim t\u00edma j\u00f3kust mj\u00f6g har\u00f0indi \u00ed landi.\u201c Nokkur fleiri d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 finna \u00ed \u00fdmsum ritum fr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00c1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru t\u00e6p \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu d\u00e6mi um <em>j\u00f3kust<\/em>, nokku\u00f0 jafnt dreif\u00f0 yfir t\u00edmann fr\u00e1 lokum n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar til dagsins \u00ed dag. \u00cd <em>Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1898 segir: \u201eEftir str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 j\u00f3kust mj\u00f6g f\u00f3lksflutningar til landsins.\u201c \u00cd <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/em>2021 segir: \u201eHins vegar j\u00f3kust tekjur af fraktflutningum um 48% milli \u00e1ra.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Myndin <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed ekki n\u00fdjung \u00ed m\u00e1linu, og var \u00fea\u00f0 ekki heldur \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u2013 \u00feetta er hin forna beyging sagnarinnar. \u00deri\u00f0ja kennimynd hennar, fyrsta pers\u00f3na fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, var <em>j\u00f3kum <\/em>\u00ed fornu m\u00e1li sem hef\u00f0i \u00e1tt a\u00f0 koma fram sem <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>\u00ed mi\u00f0mynd og sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi eru til \u2013 \u201ej\u00f3kust svo jar\u00f0b\u00f6nn v\u00ed\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00cdslandi\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/onp.ku.dk\/onp\/onp.php?c32769\">segir<\/a> \u00ed <em>Gottsk\u00e1lksann\u00e1l<\/em> fr\u00e1 sext\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00cd <em>\u00cdslensku m\u00e1li <\/em>2017 <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/7232235?iabr=on#page\/n54\/mode\/1up\/\">bendir<\/a> A\u00f0alsteinn H\u00e1konarson \u00e1 a\u00f0 or\u00f0myndirnar <em>jukum <\/em>og <em>jusum <\/em>s\u00e9u \u201e\u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0armyndir fleirt\u00f6lu af s\u00f6gnunum <em>auka<\/em> og <em>ausa<\/em>, sem komi\u00f0 hafa \u00ed sta\u00f0 eldri myndanna <em>j\u00f3kum<\/em> og <em>j\u00f3sum<\/em>\u201c. \u00de\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u201efyrir \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 \u00feeim fj\u00f6lda sagna (af 2. og 3. hlj\u00f3\u00f0skiptar\u00f6\u00f0, sbr. <em>bj\u00f3\u00f0a<\/em> og <em>svelta<\/em>) sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u <em>u<\/em> \u00ed stofni \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar fleirt\u00f6lu\u201c og geti \u00ed \u00f6llu falli \u201eekki veri\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9ttar\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er sem s\u00e9 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 myndirnar <em>j\u00f3kum<\/em> og <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>eru upphaflegar, hlj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e9ttar og \u201ee\u00f0lilegar\u201c, en venjulegu og vi\u00f0urkenndu myndirnar <em>jukum <\/em>og <em>jukust<\/em> eru \u201en\u00fdjungar\u201c \u2013 vissulega b\u00fdsna gamlar, en ef \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru a\u00f0 koma upp n\u00fana v\u00e6ru \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ntanlega kalla\u00f0ar \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c og barist gegn \u00feeim. \u00dea\u00f0 er samt engin spurning a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hafa fyrir l\u00f6ngu unni\u00f0 s\u00e9r hef\u00f0 sem e\u00f0lilegt og r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l, og hafa veri\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed margar aldir. Spurningin er hins vegar hvernig eigi a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 upphaflegu myndirnar, <em>j\u00f3kum <\/em>og <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>\u2013 eigum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna \u00fe\u00e6r l\u00edka sem \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r eru eldri, e\u00f0a eigum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u (nokkurn veginn) horfnar \u00far m\u00e1linu, ekki m\u00e1lvenja neinna, og geti \u00fev\u00ed ekki talist \u201er\u00e9tt m\u00e1l\u201c samkv\u00e6mt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2148\">vi\u00f0urkenndum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd \u00feessu sambandi skiptir m\u00e1li hvort myndirnar hafa lifa\u00f0 \u00f3sliti\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu e\u00f0a veri\u00f0 endurvaktar eins og Valt\u00fdr Gu\u00f0mundsson vir\u00f0ist telja \u00ed <em>Islandsk Grammatik<\/em> \u2013 \u201eI Skriftsproget forekommer ogsaa <em>j\u00f3kum <\/em>og <em>j\u00f3sum<\/em>, men disse Former er laant fra Oldsproget\u201c segir hann. M\u00e9r finnst \u00feetta samt ekki \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er vel hugsanlegt a\u00f0 \u00feessar myndir hafi lifa\u00f0 \u00ed talm\u00e1li. Hvort notkun myndarinnar <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>\u00ed talm\u00e1li \u00e1 tuttugustu og fyrstu \u00f6ld er d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 er kannski vafasamt, en \u00fear g\u00e6tu einnig spila\u00f0 inn \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 eint\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0, <em>j\u00f3k<\/em> \u2013 \u00ed sterkum s\u00f6gnum sem hafa <em>\u00f3 <\/em>\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 eins og <em>fara<\/em>, <em>taka <\/em>o.fl. er \u00fea\u00f0 gegnumgangandi \u00ed \u00f6llum frams\u00f6guh\u00e1ttarmyndum. \u00dea\u00f0 var e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 breyta <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>\u00ed <em>jukust <\/em>\u00e1 vef <em>R\u00daV<\/em> en m\u00e9r finnst samt varla h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 telja <em>j\u00f3kust <\/em>rangt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd Facebook-h\u00f3pnum \u201eSkemmtileg \u00edslensk or\u00f0\u201c var veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 hneykslast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lakennari hef\u00f0i sagt \u201evins\u00e6ldir hans j\u00f3kust\u201c \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpsvi\u00f0tali. \u00cd skrifa\u00f0ri ger\u00f0 vi\u00f0talsins \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins hefur \u00feessu n\u00fa veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed jukust sem er hin venjulega og vi\u00f0urkennda mynd eins og fram kemur \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls, en \u00fear er l\u00edka bent \u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8137"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8139,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8137\/revisions\/8139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}