{"id":8253,"date":"2026-08-11T14:50:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T14:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8253"},"modified":"2026-08-11T14:50:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T14:50:24","slug":"ollsomul-ollsomun-og-einsamall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/08\/11\/ollsomul-ollsomun-og-einsamall\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6lls\u00f6mul, \u00f6lls\u00f6mun og einsamall"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c var \u00ed g\u00e6r spurt um myndina \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>sem fyrirspyrjandi haf\u00f0i heyrt \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpi. \u00deessi mynd er algeng, einkum \u00ed \u00f3formlegu m\u00e1li, en vissulega nokku\u00f0 s\u00e9rkennileg. \u00de\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafi st\u00f6\u00f0u og merkingu \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0ins fornafns og \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beygjast \u00ed kynjum, t\u00f6lum og f\u00f6llum er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed raun \u201ebara nota\u00f0 \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni og nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed hvorugkyni\u201c eins og bent<\/a> er \u00e1 \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00cdslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em> \u2013 \u00fe.e. eing\u00f6ngu \u00ed \u00feeim f\u00f6llum \u00fear sem \u00f6ll <\/em>er beygingarmynd af allur<\/em>. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum <\/em>segir<\/a>: \u201eOr\u00f0in \u00f6lls\u00f6mul<\/strong> og \u00f6lls\u00f6mun<\/strong> eru myndu\u00f0 \u00far or\u00f0unum \u00f6ll saman<\/em> l\u00edkt og einsamall<\/strong> er mynda\u00f0 \u00far or\u00f0unum einn saman<\/em>.\u201c Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g oft skrifa\u00f0 \u00ed tvennu lagi, \u00f6ll s\u00f6mul<\/em>, en hagar s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00f3 eins og samsett or\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>l\u00edki \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>r\u00e9ttilega vi\u00f0 einsamall <\/em>er st\u00f3r munur \u00e1 or\u00f0unum. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 einsamall <\/em>beygist \u00ed \u00f6llum kynjum, t\u00f6lum og f\u00f6llum og hagar s\u00e9r eins og venjulegt samsett or\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 fyrri li\u00f0urinn helst \u00f3breyttur \u00ed allri beygingunni \u2013 ver\u00f0ur ekki t.d. *eittsamalt <\/em>\u00ed hvorugkyni. Ef sama gilti um \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>v\u00e6ri nefnifall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed karlkyni *allsamall<\/em> og \u00ed hvorugkyni *allsamalt<\/em>, en nefnifall fleirt\u00f6lu *allsamlir <\/em>\u00ed karlkyni og *allsamlar<\/em> \u00ed kvenkyni. En \u00feessar myndir sj\u00e1st aldrei \u2013 \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>er \u00fev\u00ed komi\u00f0 mun styttra \u00e1 lei\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt til samsetts or\u00f0s eins og hin algenga ritun \u00feess \u00ed tvennu lagi s\u00fdnir l\u00edka. En or\u00f0unum er \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt a\u00f0 n <\/em>hefur breyst \u00ed l<\/em>, \u00fe\u00f3tt myndin \u00f6lls\u00f6mun <\/em>s\u00e9 reyndar til l\u00edka eins og M\u00e1lfarsbankinn <\/em>nefnir.<\/p>\n

En breytingin \u00e1 seinni li\u00f0num er ekki bara hlj\u00f3\u00f0breyting, heldur l\u00edka breyting \u00e1 or\u00f0flokki. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 saman <\/em>eitt og s\u00e9r er atviksor\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3beygjanlegt eins og vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u2013 vi\u00f0 segjum (\u00feeir voru<\/em>) einir<\/em>\/allir saman<\/em>, (\u00fe\u00e6r voru<\/em>) einar<\/em>\/allar saman<\/em>, (\u00feau voru<\/em>) ein<\/em>\/\u00f6ll saman<\/em>. En -samal<\/em>(l<\/em>) \u00ed samsetningum er l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 og beygist sem sl\u00edkt \u2013 missir t.d. \u00e1herslulausa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 undan s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0sendingu eins og \u00ed (ein<\/em>)samlir<\/em>, b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0 sig -t <\/em>\u00ed hvorugkyni eins og \u00ed (ein<\/em>)samalt<\/em>, og breytir a <\/em>\u00ed \u00f6 <\/em>\u00ed endingarlausum myndum, eins og (ein<\/em>)s\u00f6mul<\/em>, (\u00f6ll<\/em>)s\u00f6mul<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00f6rf\u00e1 g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 -samall<\/em> s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 sem s\u00e9rstakt l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 en \u00fe\u00e1 eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1 eftir einn<\/em> \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist aldrei hafa fengi\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0s l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0s sem geti sta\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum or\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi \u00fear sem ein<\/em>(n<\/em>) saman <\/em>s\u00fdnir \u00fer\u00f3un \u00ed \u00e1tt til samsetts or\u00f0s koma fyrir \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li<\/a> en einkum \u00ed norskum heimildum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er vir\u00f0ist \u2013 \u201e\u00de\u00f3rd\u00eds var eigi kona eins\u00f6mun\u201c segir \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed Droplaugarsona s\u00f6gu<\/em>, a\u00f0 v\u00edsu \u00ed handriti fr\u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. Myndir me\u00f0 ein<\/em>(n<\/em>) samall <\/em>eru einnig gamlar en vir\u00f0ast \u00fe\u00f3 vera heldur yngri. \u00cd \u00d6nnu s\u00f6gu <\/em>fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta sext\u00e1ndu aldar segir<\/a>: \u201eEmerencia var ein s\u00f6mul \u00e1 b\u00e6n sinni.\u201c \u00cd handriti Gautreks s\u00f6gu <\/em>fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1400 segir \u201egruna\u00f0i Snotru a\u00f0 h\u00fan mundi eigi fara kona einsaman\u201c en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru handriti s\u00f6mu s\u00f6gu fr\u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld segir<\/a> \u201ea\u00f0 h\u00fan var ei kona eins\u00f6mul\u201c. \u00cd handriti H\u00e1lfdanar s\u00f6gu Br\u00f6nuf\u00f3stra <\/em>fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1500 segir<\/a> \u201eeg fer eigi kona einsaman\u201c en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru handriti s\u00f6gunnar fr\u00e1 um 1700 \u201eeins\u00f6mul\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi d\u00e6mi s\u00fdna \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e6gfara \u00fer\u00f3un \u00far sambandi tveggja or\u00f0a, t\u00f6luor\u00f0sins e\u00f0a \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0na fornafnsins einn <\/em>og atviksor\u00f0sins saman<\/em>, yfir \u00ed samsetta \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0na fornafni\u00f0 einsamall<\/em>. Erfitt er a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a nokku\u00f0 um \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u \u00feess a\u00f0 n <\/em>breytist \u00ed l <\/em>\u00ed enda or\u00f0sins en n <\/em>og l <\/em>eru hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega skyld og hlj\u00f3\u00f0myndunarlega l\u00edk, og heyranlegur munur \u00feeirra oft l\u00edtill \u00ed enda or\u00f0s \u00ed \u00e1hersluleysi. \u00deegar tengslin vi\u00f0 atviksor\u00f0i\u00f0 saman <\/em>dofna duga \u00feau ekki lengur til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda n<\/em> \u00ed enda or\u00f0sins og \u00feegar or\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00f3r a\u00f0 standa sem fornafn hafa m\u00e1lnotendur e.t.v. fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 tengja \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 eins og gamall<\/em> og snjall<\/em>. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 einsamall <\/em>hefur fari\u00f0 alla lei\u00f0 og or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u or\u00f0i me\u00f0 fullkomna beygingu, og engum dettur \u00ed hug a\u00f0 amast nokku\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed or\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt einn saman <\/em>hafi \u00feannig runni\u00f0 saman \u00ed eitt or\u00f0, einsamall<\/em>, er enn h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 sem samband tveggja or\u00f0a, einn saman<\/em>, en \u00fea\u00f0 merkir ekki alveg sama og einsamall<\/em>. F\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 vissulega finna \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>um einnsaman<\/em>, einsaman <\/em>og eittsaman<\/em>, flest fr\u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. \u00cd \u00cdsafold <\/em>1878 segir: \u201eKostna\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 hestahaldi\u00f0 einnsaman mun n\u00e6gja til a\u00f0 ey\u00f0ileggja gott og gagnlegt fyrirt\u00e6ki.\u201c \u00cd Sk\u00edrni <\/em>1830 segir: \u201eSvo bar til eitt kv\u00f6ld, \u00ed mi\u00f0jum jan\u00faar m\u00e1nu\u00f0i, a\u00f0 prinsessan sat einsaman heima \u00ed setustofu sinni.\u201c \u00cd Kirkjubla\u00f0inu <\/em>1891 segir: \u201eSvo sannarlega, sem kirkjufjelagi\u00f0 vestra hefur eittsaman viljann og m\u00e1ttinn a\u00f0 halda uppi hinu \u00edslenzka \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni.\u201c En \u00feessar myndir hurfu alveg \u00far m\u00e1linu \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi \u00fer\u00f3un er hins vegar miklu yngri og \u00f3fullkomnari \u00ed sambandi allur <\/em>og saman<\/em>. Eins og vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3uninni \u00ed einsamall <\/em>er \u00f6lls\u00f6mun <\/em>eldri mynd en \u00f6lls\u00f6mul<\/em> \u2013 elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um hana er \u00far Skar\u00f0s\u00e1rann\u00e1l <\/em>fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um mi\u00f0ja sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld og allnokkur d\u00e6mi eru um b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00f6lls\u00f6mun <\/em>og \u00f6ll s\u00f6mun <\/em>fr\u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti finn \u00e9g bara tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi um \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>fr\u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og s\u00fa mynd fer annars ekki a\u00f0 sj\u00e1st fyrr en \u00ed upphafi \u00feeirrar tuttugustu \u2013 og hefur svo sem aldrei veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g algeng \u00e1 prenti enda l\u00edklega talin \u00f3formleg og g\u00e6ti \u00feess vegna hafa t\u00ed\u00f0kast lengi \u00e1\u00f0ur en h\u00fan komst \u00e1 prent. En \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feessa \u00f3fullkomnu \u00fer\u00f3un er \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>vi\u00f0urkennt m\u00e1l \u2013 gefin athugasemdalaust \u00ed M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sennilegt er a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0av\u00edxlin a-\u00f6<\/em> \u00ed beygingu fyrri hlutans, all<\/em>(ur<\/em>), hamli \u00fer\u00f3un allur saman <\/em>\u00ed eitt or\u00f0 \u2013 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3unin hefst \u00ed myndum me\u00f0 \u00f6 <\/em>og a\u00f0rar myndir v\u00e6ru b\u00fanar til \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feeim er ekki auglj\u00f3st hvort t.d. nefnifall \u00ed karlkyni \u00e6tti a\u00f0 halda \u00f6<\/em>-inu og ver\u00f0a *\u00f6llsamall <\/em>e\u00f0a f\u00e1 a <\/em>eins og allur <\/em>og ver\u00f0a *allsamall<\/em>. Gegn \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e6lir m.a. \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 fyrri hluti samsettra or\u00f0a beygist yfirleitt ekki. En reyndar er ekki alveg r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 \u00f6lls\u00f6mul <\/em>s\u00e9 eina samrunamyndin sem fyrir kemur. \u00cd \u00cdslensk-danskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>1920-1924 er tilf\u00e6r\u00f0<\/a> hvorugkynsmynd \u00ed eint\u00f6lu alltsamalt<\/em>. \u00deessi mynd kemur fyrir \u00ed Birtingi <\/em>1958, \u201eHvernig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 selja \u00feetta land sem b\u00fdr alltsamalt \u00ed huga manns?\u201c, og \u00e9g kannast vi\u00f0 hana og get vel nota\u00f0 hana. En h\u00fan er vissulega mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u201eM\u00e1lspjalli\u201c var \u00ed g\u00e6r spurt um myndina \u00f6lls\u00f6mul sem fyrirspyrjandi haf\u00f0i heyrt \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpi. \u00deessi mynd er algeng, einkum \u00ed \u00f3formlegu m\u00e1li, en vissulega nokku\u00f0 s\u00e9rkennileg. \u00de\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafi st\u00f6\u00f0u og merkingu \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0ins fornafns og \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beygjast \u00ed kynjum, t\u00f6lum og f\u00f6llum er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed raun \u201ebara nota\u00f0 \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu \u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8253"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8254,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8253\/revisions\/8254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}