{"id":8298,"date":"2026-09-10T16:10:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T16:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8298"},"modified":"2026-09-10T16:11:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T16:11:45","slug":"thydingar-i-pisa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/09\/10\/thydingar-i-pisa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingar \u00ed PISA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Enn og aftur er <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/programmes\/pisa\/pisa-test.html\">PISA-pr\u00f3fi\u00f0<\/a> og \u00e1rangur \u00edslenskra ungmenna \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed milli tannanna \u00e1 f\u00f3lki. \u00cd upphafi vil \u00e9g taka fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00feessi pr\u00f3f s\u00e9u \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 og gagnleg, \u00fathugsu\u00f0 og vel samin, og geti \u00feess vegna gefi\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gar uppl\u00fdsingar um st\u00f6\u00f0u nemenda og veri\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ur grundv\u00f6llur til samanbur\u00f0ar, b\u00e6\u00f0i milli landa og fr\u00e1 \u00e1ri til \u00e1rs. En til a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera tryggt a\u00f0 samr\u00e6mi milli frumtexta og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar s\u00e9 sem mest, og ekki s\u00e9u notu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni or\u00f0 sem eru \u00feyngri en svo a\u00f0 me\u00f0 sanngirni s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00e6tlast til \u00feess a\u00f0 me\u00f0alnemendur \u00feekki \u00feau og skilji. \u00c9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 2015 mj\u00f6g vandlega og tel a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi brug\u00f0ist \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fatg\u00e1fu \u00feess, en pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 2025 hef \u00e9g a\u00f0eins sko\u00f0a\u00f0 mj\u00f6g lauslega.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt lesskilningur s\u00e9 a\u00f0eins einn \u00feriggja \u00fe\u00e1tta sem PISA-pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 tekur til er g\u00f3\u00f0ur lesskilningur l\u00edka forsenda fyrir g\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1rangri \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0i. En lesskilningur er ekki sama og skilningur \u00e1 einst\u00f6kum or\u00f0um \u2013 lesskilningur felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 merkingu textans og geta dregi\u00f0 \u00e1lyktanir af honum. \u00dea\u00f0 er vitanlega ekki h\u00e6gt nema skilja meginhluta or\u00f0anna \u00ed textanum \u2013 oft er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 97-98%. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir vitanlega a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta lesskilning me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skipta or\u00f0um sem nemendur skilja ekki \u00fat fyrir or\u00f0 sem \u00feau skilja. Vitanlega er \u00fe\u00f3 alltaf matsatri\u00f0i hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 me\u00f0alnemendur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 skilja og hven\u00e6r fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 slaka \u00f3e\u00f0lilega \u00e1 kr\u00f6fum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 velja l\u00e9tt or\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feyngri or\u00f0a.<\/p>\n<p>Vandinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum engan m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00feetta. Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir og Au\u00f0ur P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir hafa vissulega unni\u00f0 gott starf \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilgreina \u00fea\u00f0 sem <a href=\"https:\/\/ejournals.is\/index.php\/netla\/article\/view\/3706\/2296\">\u00fe\u00e6r kalla<\/a> n\u00e1msor\u00f0afor\u00f0a\u00a0en \u00fea\u00f0 leysir ekki allan vandann. \u00c9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma \u00edslenskar \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar \u00ed PISA-pr\u00f3fum og h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 i\u00f0ulega v\u00e6ru notu\u00f0 hlutfallslega \u00feyngri or\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunum en \u00ed frumtextanum \u2013 or\u00f0 sem ekki v\u00e6ri sanngjarnt a\u00f0 \u00e6tlast til a\u00f0 me\u00f0alnemendur \u00feekktu og skildu. Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur og Au\u00f0ur hafa einnig <a href=\"https:\/\/ejournals.is\/index.php\/netla\/article\/view\/3706\/2296\">s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1<\/a> svipa\u00f0a bj\u00f6gun \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu PISA-pr\u00f3fsins. \u00deetta g\u00e6ti hamla\u00f0 lesskilningi og leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00edslenskir nemendur k\u00e6mu verr \u00fat en jafnaldrar \u00feeirra annars sta\u00f0ar, en um \u00fea\u00f0 er samt \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a nokku\u00f0 nema me\u00f0 \u00edtarlegum ranns\u00f3knum.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i nokkur d\u00e6mi \u00far PISA-pr\u00f3finu 2025 \u00e1 vef OECD og rakst \u00fear \u00e1 \u00fdmis or\u00f0 sem m\u00e9r fannst of \u00feung \u00ed \u00edslensku \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni. \u00dear \u00e1 me\u00f0al er s\u00f6gnin\u00a0<em>ritr\u00fdna\u00a0<\/em>sem \u00e9g held a\u00f0 s\u00e9 fyrst og fremst notu\u00f0 af v\u00edsindaf\u00f3lki en grunnsk\u00f3lanemar rekist sjaldan \u00e1. Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi var nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0<em>mykja\u00a0<\/em>sem var nota\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1\u00a0<em>manure<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed fyrsta lagi \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6m \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing, en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi er\u00a0<em>mykja\u00a0<\/em>\u00f3gagns\u00e6tt or\u00f0 sem ekki h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 unglingar \u00feekki, nema \u00feau sem eru \u00far sveit. \u00dearna hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegra \u2013 og r\u00e9ttari \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u2013 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0<em>d\u00fdrask\u00edtur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 v\u00edsu sjaldg\u00e6fara or\u00f0 en\u00a0mykja\u00a0en hins vegar fullkomlega gagns\u00e6tt. Vitanlega get \u00e9g ekki fullyrt a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi einhver \u00e1hrif \u00e1 skilning nemenda \u00e1 spurningum, en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki \u00fatiloka\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Sums sta\u00f0ar er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin stir\u00f0 og fylgir frumtextanum \u00f3\u00fearflega n\u00e1i\u00f0, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 endilega s\u00e9 l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 lesskilning. \u00c1 Facebook s\u00e1 \u00e9g bent \u00e1 d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u201eTap \u00e1 l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri fj\u00f6lbreytni\u201c sem er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 \u201eLoss of biological diversity\u201c. En \u00edslenskulegra or\u00f0alag sem oft er nota\u00f0 er \u201eHnignun l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegrar fj\u00f6lbreytni\u201c. Setningin \u201eThat\u2018s a lot of rats to feed\u201c er \u00fe\u00fddd \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 eru margar rottur sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0a\u201c sem hlj\u00f3mar eins og f\u00f3lk \u00feurfi a\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0a rotturnar \u2013 sem er vitanlega ekki. \u00cd setningunni \u201eHeildarfj\u00f6ldi mynddiska sem seldust \u00e1r hvert \u00ed Bretlandi fr\u00e1 2008 til 2014 er s\u00fdndur \u00e1 grafinu h\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an\u201c v\u00e6ri e\u00f0lilegra a\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0ar\u00f6\u00f0ina \u201esem seldust \u00ed Bretlandi \u00e1r hvert fr\u00e1 2008 til 2014\u201c. Fleira m\u00e6tti nefna, en \u00e1litam\u00e1l eru au\u00f0vita\u00f0 m\u00f6rg.<\/p>\n<p>Nokku\u00f0 er af \u00fdmiss konar fr\u00e1gangsvillum \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni. Me\u00f0al d\u00e6ma eru \u201eUm hva\u00f0 eru v\u00edsindamennirnir \u00ed greininni og Jared Diamond samm\u00e1la um?\u201c \u00fear sem\u00a0um\u00a0er tv\u00edteki\u00f0 og \u201eLandnemarnir g\u00e6tur hafa teki\u00f0 rotturnar me\u00f0 s\u00e9r viljandi\u201c \u00fear sem\u00a0g\u00e6tur\u00a0stendur \u00ed sta\u00f0\u00a0g\u00e6tu. Yfirskrift spurninga \u00e1 einum sta\u00f0 er \u201eSko\u00f0a\u00f0u \u201eSala mynddiska\u201c h\u00e9r til h\u00e6gri\u201c en \u00fear stendur \u00ed raun \u201eSala \u00e1 mynddiskum\u201c, og \u00f6nnur yfirskrift er \u201eSko\u00f0a\u00f0u \u201eSendib\u00edll\u201c h\u00e9r til h\u00e6gri\u201c en \u00fear stendur \u00ed raun \u201eFlutningab\u00edll.\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er kannski ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 villur af \u00feessu tagi trufli nemendur miki\u00f0 e\u00f0a dragi \u00far \u00e1rangri \u00feeirra, en \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00fdna samt a\u00f0 vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0in eru ekki eins v\u00f6ndu\u00f0 og skyldi og vekja grunsemdir um a\u00f0 fleira kunni a\u00f0 vera athugavert vi\u00f0 \u00edslenska ger\u00f0 pr\u00f3fsins.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g legg \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef engan \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 tala PISA-pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur e\u00f0a gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far alvarleik ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0na \u00feess, og tel mig ekki vera a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edtill vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lesskilningi \u00edslenskra unglinga er \u00e1b\u00f3tavant og hann fer minnkandi, og vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast af festu. \u00dea\u00f0 er engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til annars en \u00e6tla a\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00e1rangri \u00edslenskra ungmenna n\u00fa vi\u00f0 \u00e1rangur \u00feeirra \u00e1 fyrri pr\u00f3fum s\u00e9 markt\u00e6kur. En \u00e9g set spurningarmerki vi\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1rangri \u00edslenskra ungmenna vi\u00f0 \u00e1rangur jafnaldra \u00feeirra \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum OECD-l\u00f6ndum. M\u00e9r finnst a.m.k. ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00fatiloka a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 af \u00feeim mun stafi af \u00fev\u00ed hvernig \u00edslensk \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing pr\u00f3fsins er ger\u00f0 \u00far gar\u00f0i. Um \u00feetta er ekkert h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 rannsaka vandlega.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enn og aftur er PISA-pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 og \u00e1rangur \u00edslenskra ungmenna \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed milli tannanna \u00e1 f\u00f3lki. \u00cd upphafi vil \u00e9g taka fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00feessi pr\u00f3f s\u00e9u \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 og gagnleg, \u00fathugsu\u00f0 og vel samin, og geti \u00feess vegna gefi\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gar uppl\u00fdsingar um st\u00f6\u00f0u nemenda og veri\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ur grundv\u00f6llur til samanbur\u00f0ar, b\u00e6\u00f0i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8298"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8300,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8298\/revisions\/8300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}