{"id":8324,"date":"2026-09-24T22:59:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T22:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=8324"},"modified":"2026-09-24T22:59:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T22:59:18","slug":"hvad-er-ur-i-faraldur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2026\/09\/24\/hvad-er-ur-i-faraldur\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er -ur \u00ed faraldur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd inngangi fr\u00e9ttar \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins <\/em>\u00ed dag st\u00f3\u00f0<\/a> upphaflega: \u201eTrans s\u00e9 ekki ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur og a\u00f0 um engan farald s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.\u201c N\u00fa hefur farald <\/em>veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed faraldur <\/em>sem er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 venjulega og vi\u00f0urkennda beygingu or\u00f0sins eins og h\u00fan er gefin<\/a> \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/em>. En \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki endilega a\u00f0 upphaflega ger\u00f0in hafi veri\u00f0 r\u00f6ng. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 faraldur <\/em>\u00e1 s\u00e9r nefnilega merkileg s\u00f6gu. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li kemur or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed hvorugkyni \u2013 \u00ed \u00d6nnu s\u00f6gu <\/em>fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta sext\u00e1ndu aldar segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 f\u00e9kk hann \u00fea\u00f0 faraldur a\u00f0 hann var\u00f0 villur og r\u00e1\u00f0laus.\u201c \u00dearna merkir or\u00f0i\u00f0 'sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur, veiki'. En einnig kemur fyrir hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 farald <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 'lei\u00f0, fer\u00f0' \u00ed sambandinu (me\u00f0<\/em>) hverju faraldi <\/em>sem merkir 'hvernig, \u00e1 hva\u00f0a h\u00e1tt'.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k <\/em>er hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 farald <\/em>sagt merkja<\/a> 'fars\u00f3tt; si\u00f0ur, h\u00e1ttur' en vera \u00farelt, en karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 faraldur<\/em> er sk\u00fdrt 'umgangsveiki; h\u00e1tterni sem brei\u00f0ist \u00fat'; eiginlega 'umfer\u00f0'. Hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 faraldur <\/em>er hins vegar ekki nefnt. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k <\/em>er hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 farald <\/em>einnig sagt \u201efornt\/\u00farelt\u201c og v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00e1 faraldur<\/em> sem er eing\u00f6ngu tilf\u00e6rt \u00ed karlkyni. Til \u00feessara tv\u00edmynda er v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed L\u00e6knabla\u00f0inu <\/em>2001 \u00fear sem segir<\/a>: \u201e\u00deess vegna nota sumir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn heiti\u00f0 faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong> og a\u00f0rir faraldursfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong>.\u201c \u00dearna eru sem s\u00e9 \u00ferj\u00e1r myndir s\u00f6mu merkingar \u2013 karlkynsor\u00f0in faraldur <\/em>og hvorugkynsor\u00f0in faraldur <\/em>og farald<\/em>. Milli \u00feeirra er miki\u00f0 samfall \u00ed beygingu og \u00fev\u00ed oft \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 hverja \u00feeirra er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota.<\/p>\n

En ekki n\u00f3g me\u00f0 \u00feetta. Karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 faraldur <\/em>hefur nefnilega tv\u00e6r beygingar \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 venjulegu sem gefin er \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls <\/em>og a\u00f0ra \u00fear sem fari\u00f0 er me\u00f0 -ur<\/em> sem nefnifallsendingu, eins og \u00ed fr\u00e9ttinni sem vitna\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi. \u00cd Nor\u00f0ra <\/em>1857 segir: \u201eekkert r\u00e1\u00f0 sje til a\u00f0 verja bjargr\u00e6\u00f0isstofn sveitab\u00faanna vi\u00f0 farald \u00feessum.\u201c \u00cd L\u00f6gbergi <\/em>1917 segir: \u201eEinnig r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00e1 a\u00f0 fara vel me\u00f0 sig ef kvefs\u00f3tt e\u00f0a annan farald ber a\u00f0 h\u00f6ndum.\u201c \u00cd Stormi <\/em>1925 segir: \u201e\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir styrj\u00f6ldina miklu, innfl\u00faensudreps\u00f3ttina og \u00fdmiskonar faralda.\u201c \u00cd Speglinum <\/em>1935 segir: \u201eN\u00fa hefir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in fengi\u00f0 \u00feann farald.\u201c \u00cd T\u00edmanum <\/em>1982 segir: \u201e\u00feegar infl\u00faensufaraldur er a\u00f0 r\u00e9na veikjast \u00fdmsir af \u00f6\u00f0rum infl\u00faensuv\u00edrus er olli \u00feeim faraldi.\u201c<\/p>\n

Elsta d\u00e6mi sem \u00e9g finn um karlkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 faraldur <\/em>er \u00ed Klausturp\u00f3stinum <\/em>1826: \u201egekk mikill hundafaraldur \u00ed Sv\u00edar\u00edki.\u201c \u00dearna s\u00e9st ekki hvort -ur <\/em>er ending e\u00f0a hluti stofns, og sama m\u00e1li gegnir um \u00f6nnur elstu karlkynsd\u00e6min. \u00d3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 -ur<\/em> s\u00e9 stofnl\u00e6gt sj\u00e1st ekki fyrr en undir lok n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar. \u00cd \u00cdslenski Good-Templar <\/em>1982 segir: \u201e\u00e1drepan \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0asta bla\u00f0i um hinn \u201e\u00edskyggilega faraldur<\/em>\u201c. \u00a0\u00cd Sunnanfara <\/em>1894 segir: \u201eh\u00fan gerir gis a\u00f0 \u00feessum hj\u00e1k\u00e1tlega faraldri.\u201c Oft er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hvort faraldur <\/em>er haft \u00ed karlkyni e\u00f0a hvorugkyni, en hvort tveggja vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 algengt \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og hvorugkyni\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 l\u00edklega algengara. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 er einnig i\u00f0ulega haft \u00ed hvorugkyni \u00e1 fyrsta hluta tuttugustu aldar, en sl\u00edk d\u00e6mi eru n\u00fa alveg horfin.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar karlkynsor\u00f0 endar \u00e1 -ur <\/em>\u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu er langoftast um beygingarendingu a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega s\u00e9u til fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg or\u00f0<\/a> \u00fear sem -ur <\/em>er stofnl\u00e6gt, eins og akur<\/em>, mannsnafni\u00f0 Baldur <\/em>o.m.fl. \u00deess vegna er \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekkert \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur t\u00falki -ur<\/em> \u00ed faraldur <\/em>sem nefnifallsendingu, eins og \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed mannsnafninu Haraldur<\/em>. Af Risam\u00e1lheildinni <\/em>m\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0 d\u00e6mum um \u00feetta fari fj\u00f6lgandi. M\u00e9r finnst l\u00edka vel h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hugsa s\u00e9r a\u00f0 -ur<\/em> hafi upphaflega veri\u00f0 ending \u00ed karlkynsbeygingunni en hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 stofnl\u00e6gt fyrir \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 hvorugkynsmynd or\u00f0sins \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 var alltaf stofnl\u00e6gt \u2013 -ur <\/em>er aldrei nefnifallsending \u00ed hvorugkyni. En hva\u00f0 sem \u00fev\u00ed l\u00ed\u00f0ur er beygingin faraldur \u2013 farald <\/em>svo g\u00f6mul og algeng a\u00f0 h\u00fan hefur unni\u00f0 s\u00e9r hef\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd inngangi fr\u00e9ttar \u00e1 vef R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins \u00ed dag st\u00f3\u00f0 upphaflega: \u201eTrans s\u00e9 ekki ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur og a\u00f0 um engan farald s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.\u201c N\u00fa hefur farald veri\u00f0 breytt \u00ed faraldur sem er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 venjulega og vi\u00f0urkennda beygingu or\u00f0sins eins og h\u00fan er gefin \u00ed Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls. En \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki endilega a\u00f0 upphaflega […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8324"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8325,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8324\/revisions\/8325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}