{"id":1151,"date":"2017-01-07T14:05:12","date_gmt":"2017-01-07T14:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/?page_id=1151"},"modified":"2018-01-09T13:07:12","modified_gmt":"2018-01-09T13:07:12","slug":"iv-aristoteles-um-verundir-breytingu-og-varanleika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-frumspeki-hsp416g\/iv-aristoteles-um-verundir-breytingu-og-varanleika\/","title":{"rendered":"IV: Arist\u00f3teles um verundir, breytingu og varanleika"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00fa sn\u00faum vi\u00f0 okkur a\u00f0 Arist\u00f3telesi og t\u00f6kum upp \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0inn fr\u00e1 Platoni. \u00cd <em>Timajosi<\/em> reynir hann a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra hvernig hinn efnislegi heimur skynjunar og breytinga ver\u00f0ur til sem afrit af fullkomnum heimi frummynda me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kynna til s\u00f6gunnar <em>\u00edl\u00e1ti\u00f0<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 sem tekur vi\u00f0 formi. \u00cd verkinu <em>Um tilur\u00f0 og ey\u00f0ingu<\/em> fjallar Arist\u00f3teles um samb\u00e6rilegan vanda. Hann greinir allt sem er \u00ed form og efni. S\u00e9rhver hlutur er \u00far einhverju efni, t.d. er leirker \u00far leir. En \u00far hverju er leir? Leir sem sl\u00edkur hefur sj\u00e1lfur form og er samsettur \u00far formi og efni. Efni leirs g\u00e6ti t.d. veri\u00f0 j\u00f6r\u00f0 og vatn, sem eru tv\u00f6 af frumefnunum skv. Arist\u00f3telesi. Hin tv\u00f6 eru eldur og loft. \u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 spyrja um frumefnin: Eru \u00feau ekki samsett? Er j\u00f6r\u00f0 ekki eitthva\u00f0 enn meira grundvallandi efni \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0nu formi? Vatn l\u00edka? Og loft og eldur l\u00edka? Hva\u00f0a efni er \u00fea\u00f0? Er yfirh\u00f6fu\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 eitthva\u00f0 frumefni sem er ekki \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0nu formi og \u00fev\u00ed samsettur hlutur \u00far formi og efni. Vi\u00f0 umfj\u00f6llun s\u00edna um \u00feennan vanda fjallar Arist\u00f3teles l\u00edka um muninn \u00e1 breytingu (e. alteration) og tilur\u00f0 (e. coming to be). \u00deegar eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur (eitthva\u00f0 x ver\u00f0ur <em>F<\/em>) \u00fe\u00e1 getur \u00fea\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til (\u00far engu?) e\u00f0a or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 er (<em>F<\/em>x) vi\u00f0 breytingu einhvers \u00far einu \u00ed anna\u00f0 (t.d. a\u00f0 vatn og j\u00f6r\u00f0 komi saman og myndi leir sem s\u00ed\u00f0an ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 leirkeri).<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 sn\u00faum okkur s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 kjarna frumspeki Arist\u00f3telesar, sem er kenningin um verundir, og lesum alla 7. b\u00f3k <em>Frumspekinnar<\/em>. Nemendur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 hafa greiningu Cohen \u00e1 b\u00f3kinni til hli\u00f0sj\u00f3nar (sj\u00e1 \u00edtarefni \u201eOutline of <em>Metaphysics<\/em> Z\u201c). \u00cd \u00feessari b\u00f3k kafar Arist\u00f3teles \u00ed fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 verund (e. substance) \u00fat fr\u00e1 grundvallarhugt\u00f6kunum efni og form en l\u00edka m\u00f6guleika og veruleika. Nemendur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 rifja upp kynningu \u00e1 frumspeki Arist\u00f3telesar \u00far inngangsn\u00e1mskei\u00f0inu \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feeir leggja \u00fat \u00ed \u00feennan texta.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g mun leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 seinni hluta <em>Um tilur\u00f0 og ey\u00f0ingu<\/em> og \u00e1 kafla 1-6 og 13-17 \u00ed <em>Frumspekinni<\/em>, b\u00f3k VII.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 lesum l\u00edka yfirlitsgrein eftir Mary Louise Gill um frumspeki Arist\u00f3telesar (me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 bls. 359-368 - restin gefur gott yfirlit yfir frumspekina og er gagnlegt a\u00f0 lesa).<\/p>\n<p>Grundvallarspurning dagsins er: \u00deegar upp er sta\u00f0i\u00f0, \u00e1 hverju hv\u00edlir veruleikinn?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lesefni<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arist\u00f3teles, <em>Um tilur\u00f0 og ey\u00f0ingu<\/em>, \u00farval (\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0. S. Marc Cohen, Gail Fine og Terence Irwin) (Ugla, texti 4a).<\/li>\n<li>Arist\u00f3teles, <em>Frumspekin<\/em>, b\u00f3k VII (\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0. Gail Fine og Terence Irwin) (Ugla, texti 4b) (Fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem hafa \u00e1huga er gr\u00edskur texti og \u00f6nnur \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 <em>Frumspekinni<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0051%3Abook%3D7%3Asection%3D1028a\"><strong>h\u00e9r<\/strong><\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>Mary Louise Gill \u201eFirst Philosophy in Aristotle\u201c, \u00ed <em>A Companion to Ancient Philosophy<\/em>, ritstj. Mary Louise Gill og Pierre Pellegrin, Blackwell 2009, bls. 347-373 (Ugla, texti 4c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00cdtarefni<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/spr2014\/entries\/aristotle-metaphysics\/index.html#return-1\">S. Marc Cohen, \u201eAristotle's Metaphysics\u201c (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/smcohen\/zetaoutl.htm\">S. Marc Cohen, \u201eOutline of <em>Metaphysics<\/em> Z\u201c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/historyofphilosophy.net\/aristotle-substance\">Peter Adamson, \u201eDown to Earth: Aristotle on Substance\u201c (History of Philosophy without any gaps)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00fa sn\u00faum vi\u00f0 okkur a\u00f0 Arist\u00f3telesi og t\u00f6kum upp \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0inn fr\u00e1 Platoni. \u00cd Timajosi reynir hann a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra hvernig hinn efnislegi heimur skynjunar og breytinga ver\u00f0ur til sem afrit af fullkomnum heimi frummynda me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kynna til s\u00f6gunnar \u00edl\u00e1ti\u00f0, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-frumspeki-hsp416g\/iv-aristoteles-um-verundir-breytingu-og-varanleika\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":414,"featured_media":0,"parent":1140,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1151","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/414"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1151"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1502,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1151\/revisions\/1502"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}