{"id":1227,"date":"2017-01-19T02:08:53","date_gmt":"2017-01-19T02:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/?page_id=1227"},"modified":"2018-01-08T12:13:08","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T12:13:08","slug":"v-aristoteles-epikuringar-og-stoa-um-frelsi-viljans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-frumspeki-hsp416g\/v-aristoteles-epikuringar-og-stoa-um-frelsi-viljans\/","title":{"rendered":"V: Arist\u00f3teles, Epik\u00faringar og St\u00f3a um frelsi viljans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00feessum t\u00edma munum vi\u00f0 beina sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 spurningunni um frelsi viljans. Vi\u00f0 byrjum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 l\u00edti\u00f0 r\u00e6ddan texta \u00ed <em>Si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i Nikomakkosar<\/em> eftir Arist\u00f3teles og sn\u00faum okkur s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 Epik\u00farosi. Meginvi\u00f0fangsefni dagsins er kenning st\u00f3uspekinga um \u00f6rl\u00f6g og nau\u00f0syn.<\/p>\n<p>Arist\u00f3teles setur eftirfarandi vanda fram:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Fyrst \u00f3sk beinist a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i, en r\u00e1\u00f0ger\u00f0 og val a\u00f0 lei\u00f0um a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i, hlj\u00f3ta athafnir sem l\u00fata a\u00f0 lei\u00f0um a\u00f0 vera eftir vali og viljandi. N\u00fa l\u00fdtur virkni dygg\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00feessum lei\u00f0um. Dygg\u00f0ir og lestir eru \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 okkar eigin valdi. S\u00e9 \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta er einnig \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta ekki. Og s\u00e9 \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta ekki er einnig \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta. S\u00e9 \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta \u00feegar sl\u00edkt er g\u00f6fugt, er einnig \u00e1 okkar valdi a\u00f0 breyta ekki, sem er \u00fe\u00e1 sv\u00edvir\u00f0a.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><i>Si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/i> <i>N\u00edkomakkosar<\/i>, III, 5; \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0. Svavar Hrafn Svavarsson.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spurningin um frelsi viljans er ekki \u00e1berandi \u00ed heimspeki fornaldar fyrr en me\u00f0 st\u00f3uspekingum. Arist\u00f3teles vi\u00f0rar \u00fe\u00f3 vandann \u00ed si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu samhengi - vandinn sn\u00fdst \u00fe\u00e1 um \u00e1byrg\u00f0 okkar sem einstaklinga \u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0um og vondum gj\u00f6r\u00f0um - og hann kemst \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 hj\u00e1 Epik\u00farosi. Hann var atomisti, \u00fe.e. hann h\u00e9lt fram kenningu um a\u00f0 heimurinn v\u00e6ri ekkert anna\u00f0 en safn einda sem hreyfast v\u00e9lr\u00e6nt. Allt sem gerist vir\u00f0ist \u00fev\u00ed vera l\u00f6gm\u00e1lsbundin aflei\u00f0ing fyrri atbur\u00f0a og \u00fear me\u00f0 er allt bundi\u00f0 \u00e1 klafa efnislegrar nau\u00f0synjar. Epik\u00faringar h\u00f6f\u00f0u svar vi\u00f0 \u00feessum vanda og svari\u00f0 er um margt undarlegt. \u00deeir gera einfaldlega r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00f3\u00fatsk\u00fdranlegri \u00f3reglu \u00ed reglulegri hreyfingu atomanna og hafna \u00fear me\u00f0, \u00feegar upp er sta\u00f0i\u00f0, algerri nau\u00f0hyggju.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00f3umenn setja fyrstir spurninguna um frelsi viljans \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 af einhverjum \u00feunga. \u00deeirra kenning um e\u00f0li heimsins segir a\u00f0 allt s\u00e9 efni og a\u00f0 allt s\u00e9 bundi\u00f0 \u00e1 klafa l\u00f6gm\u00e1la. Allt sem vi\u00f0, f\u00f3lk, gerum og hugsum er aflei\u00f0ing fyrri atbur\u00f0a og fullkomlega fyrirsj\u00e1anlegt. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feetta ger\u00f0u st\u00f3uspekingar r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 v\u00e6rum frj\u00e1ls. \u00deeirra kenning er tilraun til a\u00f0 samr\u00e6ma nau\u00f0ugan heim og \u00e1kvar\u00f0anafrelsi (\u00ed anda Arist\u00f3telesar).<\/p>\n<p>Meginspurning dagsins er: Ef heimurinn er l\u00f6gm\u00e1lsbundinn og allir atbur\u00f0ir \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu fyrirsj\u00e1anlegir er \u00fe\u00e1 eitthva\u00f0 pl\u00e1ss fyrir frelsi athafna og hugsana? Vi\u00f0 lesum texta eftir Arist\u00f3teles, Epik\u00faros og texta um st\u00f3u en einnig grein eftir Sarah Broadie \u00fear sem h\u00fan greinir vandann og tilraunir st\u00f3umanna til lausna. H\u00fan sk\u00fdrir l\u00edka muninn \u00e1 \u00fdmsum tegundum nau\u00f0ungar og \u00f6rlaga.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lesefni <\/strong>(fornaldartextar \u00far\u00a0<em>Hellenistic Philosophy. Introductory Readings<\/em>\u00a0(2. \u00fatg.), ritstj. Inwood og Gerson, 1997):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ep\u00edk\u00faros: bls. 64-65 (texti I 28); bls. 73-74 (texti I 34). (Ugla, texti 5a)<\/li>\n<li>St\u00f3a: bls. 179-190 (textar II 76-93). (Ugla, texti 5a)<\/li>\n<li>Sarah Broadie \u201eFrom necessity to fate: An inevitable step?\u201c, \u00ed\u00a0<em>Aristotle and Beyond. Essays on Metaphysics and Ethics<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (upphaflega birt 2001), bls. 33-49 (Ugla, texti 5b).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00cdtarefni<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/freewill\/\">Timothy O'Connor, \"Free Will\" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/historyofphilosophy.net\/stoics-physics\">Peter Adamson, \"We Didn't Start the Fire: the Stoics on Nature\" (History of Philosophy without any gaps)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00feessum t\u00edma munum vi\u00f0 beina sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 spurningunni um frelsi viljans. Vi\u00f0 byrjum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 l\u00edti\u00f0 r\u00e6ddan texta \u00ed Si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i Nikomakkosar eftir Arist\u00f3teles og sn\u00faum okkur s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 Epik\u00farosi. Meginvi\u00f0fangsefni dagsins er kenning st\u00f3uspekinga um \u00f6rl\u00f6g &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-frumspeki-hsp416g\/v-aristoteles-epikuringar-og-stoa-um-frelsi-viljans\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":414,"featured_media":0,"parent":1140,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1227","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/414"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1227"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1494,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227\/revisions\/1494"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}