{"id":840,"date":"2016-08-28T22:16:49","date_gmt":"2016-08-28T22:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/?page_id=840"},"modified":"2017-08-25T12:12:17","modified_gmt":"2017-08-25T12:12:17","slug":"thekkingarfraedi-i-inngangur-og-efahyggja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-thekkingarfraedi\/kennsluaaetlun-2017\/thekkingarfraedi-i-inngangur-og-efahyggja\/","title":{"rendered":"I: Inngangur og efahyggja"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Inngangur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cd fyrsta t\u00edma ver\u00f0ur n\u00e1mskei\u00f0i\u00f0 og efni \u00feess kynnt og nemendur fara yfir n\u00e1ms\u00e1\u00e6tlun. Mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 almenn kynning \u00e1 \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0i og vi\u00f0fangsefnum hennar er \u00ed b\u00f3karkorni eftir Jennifer Nagel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/knowledge-a-very-short-introduction-9780199661268?cc=is&amp;lang=en&amp;\">Knowledge. A very short introduction<\/a><\/em>, sem kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014. Jennifer gefur\u00a0 gott yfirlit yfir s\u00f6gulega \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0innar (efahyggju, raunhyggju og r\u00f6khyggju) og meginstrauma umr\u00e6\u00f0u s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratuga. \u00cd tilefni af \u00fatkomu b\u00f3karinnar var teki\u00f0 <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophybites.com\/2014\/08\/jennifer-nagel-on-intuitions-about-knowledge.html\">vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 Jennifer Nagel<\/a> hj\u00e1 <em>Philosophy Bites<\/em> (\u00e1g\u00fast 2014).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Eins bendi \u00e9g \u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/epistemology\/#FEP\">grein um \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a> \u00ed <em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/em> (ne\u00f0st \u00ed greininni eru kr\u00e6kjur \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ur sem fjalla um \u00fdmis s\u00e9rt\u00e6k vi\u00f0fangsefni \u00ed \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0i).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Efahyggja<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fyrsti hluti n\u00e1mskei\u00f0sins fjallar um efahyggju. Samkv\u00e6mt efahyggjunni getum vi\u00f0 ekki vita\u00f0 neitt me\u00f0 nokkurri vissu og st\u00f3r hluti n\u00fat\u00edma \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0i f\u00e6st vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 svara \u00feessari \u00f6grun. Vi\u00f0 lesum klass\u00edska grein eftir Barry Stroud, sem t\u00falkar kenningar efahyggjunnar eins j\u00e1kv\u00e6tt og honum er unnt, og enn klass\u00edskari greinar eftir G.E. Moore, sem er h\u00f6fundur fr\u00e6gustu - en umdeildustu - afsannana efahyggju. \u00c1 n\u00e6stu vikum munum vi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00e6ta fleiri tilraunum til a\u00f0 losna \u00far kl\u00f3m efahyggjunnar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1 heimas\u00ed\u00f0u <em>Philosophy Bites<\/em> er <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophybites.com\/2007\/12\/barry-stroud-on.html\">vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 Barry Stroud<\/a> um efahyggju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hugartilraun Ren\u00e9 Descartes \u00ed <em>Huglei\u00f0ingum um frumspeki<\/em> (fyrsta huglei\u00f0ing) er \u00feekktasta og ein r\u00f3tt\u00e6kasta \u00fatg\u00e1fa af efahyggjur\u00f6kunum og er oft v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed hana - e\u00f0a n\u00fat\u00edmalegri \u00fatg\u00e1fur af s\u00f6mu r\u00f6kum (\u201eheili \u00ed krukku\u201c) - \u00feegar efahyggjan er tekin til umfj\u00f6llunar. Efahyggjan \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00f3 mun eldri s\u00f6gu og \u00ed forn\u00f6ld var h\u00fan sett fram \u00e1\u00a0 kerfisbundinn h\u00e1tt sem allsherjar atlaga a\u00f0 m\u00f6guleikum \u00feekkingar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Huglei\u00f0ingar um frumspeki<\/em> eftir Descartes er til \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00deorsteins Gylfasonar. H\u00fan kom \u00fat \u00ed L\u00e6rd\u00f3msritum Hins \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lags 2001.<\/li>\n<li>\u00deeir sem vilja kynna s\u00e9r forna efahyggju og r\u00f6k hennar gegn \u00f6llum tilraunum til a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra r\u00f6k fyrir \u00feekkingu geta lesi\u00f0 <a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/spr2014\/entries\/sextus-empiricus\/\">grein um Sextos Empeirikos<\/a> \u00ed <em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/em> (s\u00e9rstaklega kafla 3.5) e\u00f0a hlusta\u00f0 \u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofphilosophy.net\/sextus\">pistil Peter Adamson<\/a> um Sextos \u00ed <em>History of Philosophy without any gaps<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 lesum eftirfarandi texta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Barry Stroud \u201eThe Problem of the External World\u201c og G.E. Moore \u201eProof of an External World\u201c, \u201eFour Forms of Scepticism\u201c og \u201eCertainty\u201c.<\/li>\n<li>Nagel \u201eIntroduction\u201c og \u201eScepticism.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cdtarefni:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/skepticism\/\">Skepticism (SEP)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/sextus-empiricus\/\">Sextus Empiricus (SEP)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/rationalism-empiricism\/\">Rationalism vs. Empiricism (SEP)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/moore\/\">George Edward Moore (SEP)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Barry Stroud: \u201eThe Problem of the External World\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ein lei\u00f0 a\u00f0 setja fram t\u00falkun Barry Stroud \u00e1 r\u00f6kum Descartes eru eftirfarandi tv\u00e6r r\u00f6kf\u00e6rslur:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stroud 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ef Descartes veit ekki a\u00f0 hann situr vi\u00f0 eld \u00fe\u00e1 veit hann ekki neitt um hinn ytri heim.<\/li>\n<li><em>Descartes veit ekki a\u00f0 hann situr vi\u00f0 eld.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Descartes veit ekki neitt um hinn ytri heim.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Stroud 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Descartes veit a\u00f0 draumam\u00f6guleikinn samr\u00e6mist ekki \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann viti a\u00f0 hann sitji vi\u00f0 eld.<\/li>\n<li>Ef Descartes veit a\u00f0 draumam\u00f6guleikinn samr\u00e6mist ekki \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann viti eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 (a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0in fullyr\u00f0ing um hinn ytir heim s\u00e9 s\u00f6nn), \u00fe\u00e1 \u2013 til a\u00f0 vita eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 ver\u00f0ur hann a\u00f0 vita a\u00f0 m\u00f6guleikinn s\u00e9 \u00f3raunverulegur.<\/li>\n<li>\u00deannig a\u00f0 \u2013 til a\u00f0 Descartes geti vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 hann sitji vi\u00f0 eld ver\u00f0ur hann a\u00f0 vita a\u00f0 draumam\u00f6guleikinn s\u00e9 ekki raunverulegur (af <em>a<\/em> og <em>b<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>En Descartes getur ekki vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 draumam\u00f6guleikinn s\u00e9 rangur.<\/li>\n<li><em>Descartes veit ekki a\u00f0 hann situr vi\u00f0 eld<\/em> (af <em>c<\/em> og <em>d<\/em>; ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an = #2 \u00ed Stroud 1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>G.E. Moore: \u201eProof of an External World\u201c, \u201eFour Forms of Scepticism\u201c og \u201eCertainty\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1greininginn milli Moore (\u201eCertainty\u201c) og efahyggjunnar m\u00e1 setja fram \u00ed eftirfarandi r\u00f6kf\u00e6rslum, sem b\u00e1\u00f0ar eru gildar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moore<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ef \u00e9g veit a\u00f0 \u00e9g stend h\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1 hl\u00fdt \u00e9g a\u00f0 vita a\u00f0 mig er ekki a\u00f0 dreyma.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9g veit a\u00f0 \u00e9g stend h\u00e9r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00deess vegna \u2013 \u00e9g hl\u00fdt a\u00f0 vita a\u00f0 mig er ekki a\u00f0 dreyma.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Efahyggjan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ef \u00e9g veit a\u00f0 \u00e9g stend h\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1 hl\u00fdt \u00e9g a\u00f0 vita a\u00f0 mig er ekki a\u00f0 dreyma.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9g veit ekki a\u00f0 mig er ekki a\u00f0 dreyma.<\/li>\n<li>\u00deess vegna - \u00e9g veit ekki a\u00f0 \u00e9g stend h\u00e9r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Tv\u00e6r fullyr\u00f0ingar, \u00f3l\u00edk r\u00f6kform (Modus Ponens e\u00f0a Modus Tollens).<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00c9g veit a\u00f0 \u00e9g stend h\u00e9r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9g veit a\u00f0 mig er ekki a\u00f0 dreyma.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inngangur \u00cd fyrsta t\u00edma ver\u00f0ur n\u00e1mskei\u00f0i\u00f0 og efni \u00feess kynnt og nemendur fara yfir n\u00e1ms\u00e1\u00e6tlun. Mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 almenn kynning \u00e1 \u00feekkingarfr\u00e6\u00f0i og vi\u00f0fangsefnum hennar er \u00ed b\u00f3karkorni eftir Jennifer Nagel: Knowledge. A very short introduction, sem kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/kennsla\/inngangur-ad-thekkingarfraedi\/kennsluaaetlun-2017\/thekkingarfraedi-i-inngangur-og-efahyggja\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":414,"featured_media":0,"parent":811,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-840","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/414"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=840"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1372,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/840\/revisions\/1372"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/esmari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}