{"id":4325,"date":"2022-09-22T08:46:14","date_gmt":"2022-09-22T08:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/jkh\/?page_id=4325"},"modified":"2024-05-24T10:51:58","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T10:51:58","slug":"barnabok-ninu-og-steins-um-sidari-heimsstyrjoldina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/jkh\/kennsla\/loksins-loksins\/barnabok-ninu-og-steins-um-sidari-heimsstyrjoldina\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e6tur \u00edslenskrar myndasagna\u00fatg\u00e1fu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00feremur \u00e1ratugum hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar nokkrar atrennur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 rekja s\u00f6gu \u00edslenskrar myndasagna\u00fatg\u00e1fu. Er almennt tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan hefjist fyrir alv\u00f6ru um og eftir 1960 me\u00f0 verkum eftir teiknara \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Halld\u00f3r P\u00e9tursson, G\u00edsla J. \u00c1st\u00fe\u00f3rsson, Ragnar L\u00e1r og Harald Gu\u00f0bergsson. Forsagan er misl\u00f6ng eftir \u00fev\u00ed hver reifar efni\u00f0. \u00deau sem horfa lengst aftur \u00ed t\u00edmann v\u00edsa \u00ed \u00fdmis mi\u00f0aldaverk (t.d. Val\u00fej\u00f3fssta\u00f0ahur\u00f0ina, Bayuxrefillinn og myndl\u00fdsingar \u00ed \u00edslenskum handritum) en leggja um lei\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 h\u00e9r, l\u00edkt og v\u00ed\u00f0a erlendis, standi myndasagnahef\u00f0 \u00ed prentmi\u00f0lum \u00e1 \u00f6xlum p\u00f3lit\u00edskra skopmynda. N\u00f6fn frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lanna Muggs og Tryggva Magn\u00fassonar hafa fengi\u00f0 ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0an sess \u00ed \u00feessari s\u00f6gu en engin listakona hefur \"\"<\/a>enn komist \u00fear \u00e1 bla\u00f0. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessum skrifum er a\u00f0 safna saman fyrirliggjandi \u00feekkingu um efni\u00f0 og b\u00e6ta einhverju n\u00fdju vi\u00f0. Athyglin beinist a\u00f0 fyrri hluta 20. aldar \u00feegar frumsamdar og \u00fe\u00fdddar skopmyndir og myndas\u00f6gur byrja a\u00f0 birtast \u00e1 prenti h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi.<\/p>\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur en lengra er haldi\u00f0 er gagnlegt a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra hva\u00f0 \u00e1tt er vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 hugtakinu myndasaga. \u00cdtarlegasta umfj\u00f6llunin sem birst hefur um hana sem listmi\u00f0il \u00e1 \u00edslensku er b\u00f3k \u00dalfhildar Dagsd\u00f3ttur, Myndasagan: Hetjur, skr\u00fdmsl og skattborgarar<\/em> fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2014. \u00dear eru kynntar helstu skilgreiningar erlendra fr\u00e6\u00f0imanna \u00e1 \u00feessu fyrirb\u00e6ri og bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 uppi eru \u00f3l\u00edk sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 um hvort st\u00f6k mynd e\u00f0a tengdar \"\u00fe\u00f6glar\" myndara\u00f0ir (\u00e1n texta) geti talist til myndasagna. Sj\u00e1lf segir \u00dalfhildur einfaldlega: \"Myndasaga er saga \u00ed myndum\" (s. 14). \u00c9g tel \u00feetta sk\u00fdra og skilmerkilega skilgreiningu en mi\u00f0a m\u00edna umfj\u00f6llun vi\u00f0 myndas\u00f6gur sem mi\u00f0la atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1s \u00ed tveimur e\u00f0a fleiri tengdum myndum, me\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00e1n texta. Unnt er a\u00f0 gera tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6ttan greinarmun \u00e1 mynds\u00f6gutextanum eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvort hann s\u00e9 A) fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn s\u00f6gumanns e\u00f0a B) samtal pers\u00f3na og eins hvort hann birtist 1) utan vi\u00f0 myndfl\u00f6tinn e\u00f0a 2) sem hluti vi\u00f0komandi myndar (til d\u00e6mis \u00ed talbl\u00f6\u00f0rum). Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessari skiptingu m\u00e6tti skilgreina meginhluta textans \u00ed Tinnab\u00f3kunum, svo d\u00e6mi s\u00e9 teki\u00f0, sem B2. Hins vegar fellur texti flestra \u00feeirra \u00fe\u00fdddu myndasagna sem birtust \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja og fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratugnum undir A1 e\u00f0a A2.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 m\u00f6rkum skopmynda og myndasagna<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Grein \u00d3lafs Engilbertssonar \"Upphaf \u00edslenskrar myndsagnager\u00f0ar<\/a>\" (1992) braut a\u00f0 m\u00ednu viti bla\u00f0 \u00ed umfj\u00f6llun um \u00feetta efni en \u00fear er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 Muggur (Gu\u00f0mundur Thorsteinsson) hafi veri\u00f0 einna fyrstur \u00cdslendinga til a\u00f0 reyna fyrir s\u00e9r vi\u00f0 ger\u00f0 myndasagna. Er v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed fimm mynda r\u00f6\u00f0 hans \"Tre yndige piger\" (1923). H\u00fan er me\u00f0 d\u00f6nskum texta s\u00f6gumanns sem birtist ne\u00f0an vi\u00f0 hverja mynd (A1). \u00d3lafur nefnir einnig a\u00f0 Bayuxrefillinn, sem Bj\u00f6rn Th. Bj\u00f6rnsson taldi samofinn \u00edslenskri menningars\u00f6gu,<\/a>\u00a0og skopteikningar S\u00f3lons \u00cdslandus<\/a> (S\u00f6lva Helgasonar) fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta 19. aldar v\u00edsi fram \u00e1 veginn \u00ed \u00feessu efni.<\/p>\n

Nokkru \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00d3lafur birti grein s\u00edna m\u00e1tti \u00ed helgarbla\u00f0i T\u00edmans<\/em> lesa \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 \u00fattekt \u00e1 s\u00f6gu \u00edslenskra skopmynda undir fyrirs\u00f6gninni \"J\u00f6rundur hundadagakonungur va forveri Sigmunds \u00e1 vettvangi skopteikninga<\/a>\" (1988). \u00dear er rifja\u00f0 upp a\u00f0 danski \u00e6vint\u00fdrama\u00f0urinn J\u00f6rgen J\u00f6rgensen, sem skipa\u00f0i sj\u00e1lfan sig verndara \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 \"\"<\/a>1809, hafi veri\u00f0 \"s\u00e1 fyrsti sem vi\u00f0 vitum til a\u00f0 hafi teikna\u00f0 skopmyndir \u00fat af \u00edslensku efni\". Er birt me\u00f0 greininni teikning sem ranglega var tali\u00f0<\/a> a\u00f0 J\u00f6rundar hef\u00f0i gert af sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r.\u00a0 \u00deekktustu myndina sem h\u00e9r um r\u00e6\u00f0ir<\/a> er J\u00f6rgen hins vegar hafa talinn hafa teikna\u00f0 eftir dansleik \u00ed Kl\u00fabbnum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk umr\u00e6tt sumar. Samkv\u00e6mt henni vildi svo illa til a\u00f0 ein daman fl\u00e6kti h\u00e1rkolluna s\u00edna \u00ed lj\u00f3skr\u00f3nu \u00ed mi\u00f0jum dansi, me\u00f0 fremur \u00f3heppilegum aflei\u00f0ingum. Annars er \u00ed bla\u00f0agreininni l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 elstu prentu\u00f0u \u00edslensku skopmyndirnar hafi fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 birtast \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um og \u00e1 p\u00f3stkortum \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1ratug tuttugustu aldar. Er nefndur til s\u00f6gu myndskerinn R\u00edkar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson en b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0: \"Langoftast eru \u00feessi kort \u00fe\u00f3 \u00f3merkt og listamennirnir \u00f3kunnir, en nafnleynd hafa skopmyndateiknarar gjarna nota\u00f0 s\u00e9r.\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem vilja kynna s\u00e9r umr\u00e6dda p\u00f3stkorta\u00fatg\u00e1fu er gagnasafni\u00f0 Sarpur s\u00e9rst\u00f6k gulln\u00e1ma. Me\u00f0al elstu skopmyndakorta \u00fear er \"R\u00e1\u00f0herrann \u00ed \"Hj\u00e1lendunni\"\/R\u00e1\u00f0herrann \u00e1 \"Herragar\u00f0inum\"<\/a>\" \u00a0fr\u00e1 1909. Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tv\u00e6r tengdar myndir, \u00e1samt tveimur skopv\u00edsum ne\u00f0anm\u00e1ls, sem mi\u00f0la einfaldri fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn (A1). Annars vegar er varpa\u00f0 lj\u00f3si \u00e1 hvernig Bj\u00f6rn J\u00f3nsson \u00cdslandsr\u00e1\u00f0herra er fullur af rembingi (\"me\u00f0 reig\u00f0an h\u00e1ls\") \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 landa s\u00edna heima vi\u00f0 en fla\u00f0rar au\u00f0mj\u00fakur (\"me\u00f0 hjarta\u00f0 \u00ed rumpinum\") upp um d\u00f6nsku h\u00e1tigninni \u00fati \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku (lafinu \u00e1 kj\u00f3ljakka r\u00e1\u00f0herrans er l\u00edkt vi\u00f0 \"hundsr\u00f3fu\"). Myndirnar b\u00e1\u00f0ar eru merktar \"SS apr\u00edl 1909\". Er h\u00e9r kannski komin fyrsta \u00fatgefna \u00edslenska myndasagan og fyrsti \u00edslenski myndasagnah\u00f6fundurinn? \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1litam\u00e1l \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \"a\u00f0l\u00f6gun\" \u00e1 danskri mynds\u00f6gu sem birtist upphaflega 18. apr\u00edl 1909 \u00ed skopmyndabla\u00f0inu Klods Hans<\/em> og var endurbirt \u00ed Eimrei\u00f0inni<\/em><\/a> \u00ed ma\u00ed, \u00e1samt fleiri d\u00f6nskum skopmyndum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \u00deess m\u00e1 geta a\u00f0 umr\u00e6dd p\u00f3stkorta\u00fatg\u00e1fa me\u00f0 skopmyndum var\u00f0 tilefni \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ar greinar \u00ed Reykjav\u00edkurbla\u00f0inu Ing\u00f3lfi<\/em><\/a> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1910 \u00fear sem l\u00fdst er eftir \u00edslensku skopbla\u00f0i me\u00f0 teikningum og gamanv\u00edsum; \"mundi \u00fea\u00f0 veita oss marga \u00e1n\u00e6gjustund og l\u00edklega b\u00e6ta oss t\u00f6luvert \u00feegar \u00f6llu er \u00e1 botninn hvolft\", sag\u00f0i \u00fear me\u00f0al annars. A\u00f0 minnsta kosti tv\u00e6r skamml\u00edfar tilraunir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feegar veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 gefa \u00fat sl\u00edkt efni \u00e1 prenti. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1900 birtust tv\u00f6 hefti af skopbla\u00f0inu Gaman og alvara<\/em><\/a> og \u00e1ri\u00f0 1908 birtist eitt hefti af skopbla\u00f0inu \u00c6ringja<\/em><\/a>. Teikningar l\u00e9ku reyndar ekki st\u00f3rt hlutverk \u00ed \u00feessum mi\u00f0lum en h\u00e9r er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a forvera skopmyndabla\u00f0anna M\u00e1na<\/em> og Spegilsins<\/em> sem br\u00e1tt ver\u00f0ur viki\u00f0 a\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldam\u00f3t var frums\u00fdnd \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpinu heimildamynd eftir Halld\u00f3r Carlsson sem nefndist \u00cdslenska myndasagan<\/em><\/a>\u00a0\"\"<\/a>(1999). Nokkru s\u00ed\u00f0ar skrifa\u00f0i Inga Mar\u00eda Brynj\u00f3lfsd\u00f3ttir BA ritger\u00f0 um \u00edslenskar myndas\u00f6gur og \u00e1 grunni hennar birti h\u00fan grein sem einnig nefndist \"\u00cdslenska myndasagan<\/a>\" (2005). B\u00e6\u00f0i nefna \u00feau Halld\u00f3r Val\u00fej\u00f3fssta\u00f0ahur\u00f0ina sem fjarl\u00e6gan forvera \u00edslensku myndas\u00f6gunnar en leggja h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 Muggur s\u00e9 eiginlegur frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i. Hann var f\u00e6ddur 1891 og stunda\u00f0i n\u00e1m \u00ed myndlist \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1ratug 20. aldar. Halld\u00f3r fullyr\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \"myndaser\u00edur\" Muggs sem byggja \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gum og barnab\u00f3k hans Dimmalimm<\/em> s\u00fdni \"a\u00f0 hann haf\u00f0i n\u00e6mt auga fyrir hreyfingu \u00ed myndum\". A\u00f0 auki nefna \u00feau b\u00e6\u00f0i\u00a0 \"Tre yndige piger\", sem \u00d3lafur Engilbertsson haf\u00f0i vaki\u00f0 athygli \u00e1. \u00cd b\u00f3k sinni Myndasagan (<\/em>2014) tekur \u00dalfhildur Dagsd\u00f3ttir \u00ed svipa\u00f0an streng. H\u00fan minnir \u00e1 a\u00f0 Val\u00fej\u00f3fssta\u00f0ahur\u00f0in og myndl\u00fdsingar \u00ed mi\u00f0aldahandritinum segi me\u00f0 s\u00ednum h\u00e6tti \"dulitlar s\u00f6gur\" (s. 27) en \u00ed hennar huga er Muggur, \u00feegar n\u00e6r dregur \u00ed t\u00edma, \"einn af brautry\u00f0jendum \u00edslensku myndas\u00f6gunnar\" (s. 180). Nefnir h\u00fan \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0sagnamyndir listamannsins en beinir l\u00edka athygli a\u00f0 \"myndl\u00fdstum barnab\u00f3kum hans, Dimmalimm<\/em> (1921) og T\u00edu litlir negrastr\u00e1kar<\/em> (1922)\" (s. 180).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem fl\u00e6kir \u00feessa s\u00f6gu er a\u00f0 f\u00e6st verka Muggs komu \u00fat \u00e1 prenti me\u00f0an hann lif\u00f0i. \u00de\u00f3 svo a\u00f0 Dimmalimm<\/em> hafi sannarlega veri\u00f0 sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 1921 birtist h\u00fan ekki \u00e1 b\u00f3k fyrr en 1942.<\/a> \u00ddmsar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0sagnamyndir s\u00ednar s\u00fdndi hann opinberlega \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugnum en \u00fe\u00e6r birtust, \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e9g best veit, ekki \u00e1samt vi\u00f0komandi textum fyrr en um og eftir 1950. Svipa\u00f0a s\u00f6gu er a\u00f0 segja af \"Tre yndige piger\". Negrastr\u00e1karnir<\/em>, eins og s\u00fa b\u00f3k h\u00e9t upphaflega, er eina verk hans sem komst \u00ed almenna dreifingu \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugnum, en um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a a\u00f0l\u00f6gun ford\u00f3mafullarar bandar\u00edskrar myndab\u00f3kar<\/a> sem komi\u00f0 haf\u00f0i \u00fat v\u00ed\u00f0a um l\u00f6nd\u00a0 \u00e1 undangengnum \u00e1ratugum. \u00dev\u00ed er \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e6pi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fjalla um hana sem frumsamda \u00edslenska myndas\u00f6gu, \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega marki h\u00fan t\u00edmam\u00f3t \u00ed \u00fatg\u00e1fu \u00fe\u00fdddra myndab\u00f3ka h\u00e9r landi. Um lei\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 enginn \u00feeirra sem tengt hafa Mugg vi\u00f0 \u00edslenska myndasagnahef\u00f0 beina athyglinni a\u00f0 markver\u00f0um myndl\u00fdsingum sem hann ger\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00deulur<\/em> (1916) m\u00f3\u00f0ursystur sinnar, The\u00f3d\u00f3ru Thoroddsen. \u00dear m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 sj\u00e1 myndara\u00f0ir sem mi\u00f0la \u00feeirri s\u00f6gu sem rakin er \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi texta (A1). D\u00e6mi m\u00e1 taka af opnunni \u00fear sem\u00a0\"Tungli\u00f0, tungli\u00f0, taktu mig\"<\/a> birtist. \u00c1 sp\u00e1ss\u00edu vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 hendinganna eru fj\u00f3rar tengdar myndir sem endurspegla fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn \u00feulunnar.<\/p>\n

Flestir \u00feeirra sem fjalla um s\u00f6gu \u00edslensku myndas\u00f6gunnar sni\u00f0ganga \u00fe\u00fdtt efni en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki algilt. N\u00fdlega birtist \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni \"Hrakfarir og heimskup\u00f6r\", sem \"Sveppagreifinn\" heldur \u00fati, grein undir titilinum \"Forverarnir<\/a>\" (2022). \u00dear er rakin saga \u00fe\u00fdddra myndasagna sem komu \u00fat \u00ed b\u00f3karformi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 1927 til 1971. Bent er \u00e1 a\u00f0 fyrsta b\u00f3kin af \u00feessu tagi s\u00e9 Halli hraukur<\/em> (1927) eftir danska skopteiknarann Carl R\u00f6gind. Umr\u00e6tt efni birtist reyndar upphaflega \u00ed \u00c6skunni<\/em> \u00e1ri fyrr undir titilinum \"Halli hr\u00faka<\/a>\" (1926). \"\"<\/a> Um \u00fatg\u00e1fus\u00f6gu verksins hefur Sveppagreifinn \u00feetta a\u00f0 segja:<\/p>\n

\"\u00cd \u00c6skunni birtust a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i tv\u00e6r myndara\u00f0ir me\u00f0 tveimur myndum hvor \u00fear sem drengurinn Halli hr\u00faka var\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0kasti jafnaldra sinna vegna vaxtarlags s\u00edns. Einn sl\u00edkur brandari e\u00f0a saga birtist \u00ed hverju t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i og alltaf haf\u00f0i Halli hr\u00faka betur gegn hrekkjusv\u00ednunum a\u00f0 myndunum fj\u00f3rum loknum. Eftir sext\u00e1n sl\u00edkar s\u00f6gur e\u00f0a brandara lauk a\u00f0komu Halla \u00ed barnabla\u00f0inu \u00c6skunni og fyrir j\u00f3lin 1927 kom \u00fat \u00ed b\u00f3karformi samansafn \u00feeirra brandara hj\u00e1 b\u00f3kaverslun Sigurj\u00f3ns J\u00f3nssonar.\"<\/p>\n

Vert er a\u00f0 geta \u00feess a\u00f0 \"Halli hr\u00faka\" var ekki fyrsta \u00fe\u00fddda myndasagan sem lesendur \u00c6skunnar<\/em> kynntust. Merkur forveri hennar er st\u00f6k saga, \"\u00d3heppilegt st\u00f6kk: Gamanmynd \u00ed fj\u00f3rum s\u00fdningum<\/a>\" (1914). H\u00f6fundar er ekki geti\u00f0 en l\u00edklega er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 evr\u00f3psku efni. \u00cd s\u00f6gunni er brug\u00f0i\u00f0 er\u00a0 fj\u00f3rum tengdum myndum af seinheppnum fer\u00f0alangi sem leitar lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 koma sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r og koffortinu s\u00ednu yfir l\u00e6k. Textinn, sem birtist ne\u00f0an vi\u00f0 hverja mynd, er eintal pers\u00f3nunnar vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfa sig (A2).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00c1\u00f0ur en skili\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 \u00feetta t\u00edmabil m\u00e1 minna \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1917 h\u00f3f g\u00f6ngu s\u00edna fyrsta skopmyndabla\u00f0i\u00f0 M\u00e1ni. <\/em>\u00dat komu fimm t\u00f6lubl\u00f6\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 13. jan\u00faar til 19. ma\u00ed. Ritstj\u00f3ri var Sigur\u00f0ur Arngr\u00edmsson, kennari og verslunarma\u00f0ur. Hann skrifa\u00f0i v\u00e6ntanlega flesta texta sem birtust \u00ed bla\u00f0inu en ekki er lj\u00f3st hvort hann e\u00f0a einhver utana\u00f0komandi listama\u00f0ur anna\u00f0ist teikninguna. Myndirnar sem \u00fearna birtast eru \u00e1 k\u00f6flum listr\u00e6nar og \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ar. Er vert a\u00f0 nefna s\u00e9rstaklega tv\u00e6r stakar skopmyndir \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i<\/a> \u00fear sem texti er hluti teikningarinnar. \u00de\u00e1 vekur athygli \u00feriggja mynda r\u00f6\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i<\/a> \u00fear sem s\u00f6g\u00f0 er saga af \"Bjarna Bj\u00f6rns\" \u00e1 s\u00f6ngskemmtun \u00ed B\u00e1runni. Er birtur me\u00f0 tveimur myndanna texti \u00fear sem Bjarni tj\u00e1ir hug sinn (A2). L\u00edta m\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00feessar myndir, r\u00e9tt eins og skopmyndir SS af Birni r\u00e1\u00f0herra 1909, \u00fe\u00fdddu myndas\u00f6guna \u00ed \u00c6skunni 1914 og myndl\u00fdsingar\u00a0 Muggs \u00ed \u00deulum <\/em>1916,<\/em> sem upptakt \u00feeirra verka sem Tryggvi Magn\u00fasson birti \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugnum og n\u00fa ver\u00f0ur viki\u00f0 a\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Listbr\u00f6g\u00f0 myndas\u00f6gunnar n\u00e1 f\u00f3tfestu\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> Sama \u00e1r og \"Halli hr\u00faka\" f\u00f3r a\u00f0 birtast \u00ed \u00c6skunni<\/em> stofnu\u00f0u P\u00e1ll Sk\u00falason, Sigur\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0mundsson og Tryggvi Magn\u00fasson \u00fatg\u00e1fu skopmyndabla\u00f0sins Spegilsins<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 kom fyrstu misserin \u00fat \u00e1 tveggja m\u00e1na\u00f0a fresti en \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru \u00fatg\u00e1fu\u00e1ri var \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1na\u00f0arrit og \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00fatg\u00e1fu\u00e1ri kom \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fat h\u00e1lfsm\u00e1na\u00f0arlega. Tryggvi, sem f\u00e6ddist \u00e1ri\u00f0 1900, var teiknari bla\u00f0sins en hann haf\u00f0i stunda\u00f0 n\u00e1m \u00ed myndlist \u00ed Kaupmannh\u00f6fn, New York og Dresden \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1919-1923. Eftir heimkomuna birti hann st\u00f6ku teikningar \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um og t\u00edmaritum, m.a. \u00c6skunni<\/a>, Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins <\/a><\/em>og St\u00fadentabla\u00f0inu<\/em><\/a>. Elsta verk hans sem kalla m\u00e6tti myndas\u00f6gu er \"\u00d6kuhra\u00f0i bifrei\u00f0a\" (1925). Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tv\u00e6r tengdar myndir<\/a> sem prenta\u00f0ar voru \u00ed Lesb\u00f3kinni<\/em> og draga me\u00f0 skoplegum h\u00e6tti fram muninn \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um l\u00f6greglusam\u00feykktar um h\u00e1markshra\u00f0a farart\u00e6kja og hinn l\u00edfsh\u00e6ttulega veruleika hra\u00f0aksturs. Undir hvorri mynd fyrir sig m\u00e1 lesa \u00fatsk\u00fdring s\u00f6gumanns (A1) en myndunum fylgdi l\u00edka lengri texti um efni\u00f0. Myndasagan \u00fe\u00f3tti svo g\u00f3\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00cdsafold endurbirti hana<\/a> tveimur d\u00f6gum s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

Framlag Tryggva til Spegilsins<\/em> \u00e1tti sinn \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed miklum og langvarandi vins\u00e6ldum \u00fatg\u00e1funnar (bla\u00f0i\u00f0 kom \u00fat nokku\u00f0 \u00f3sliti\u00f0 til 1972). \"\"\u00cd hverju t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i birti Tryggvi stakar skopmyndir af nafntogu\u00f0um m\u00f6nnum og konum sem til umfj\u00f6llunar voru \u00ed greinum e\u00f0a gamanv\u00edsum en hann setti l\u00edka sinn svip \u00e1 fors\u00ed\u00f0ur, umbrot og jafnvel augl\u00fdsingar. K\u00e1pa \u00feri\u00f0ja t\u00f6lubla\u00f0s fyrsta \u00e1rgangs 1926 var a\u00f0 \u00feremur fj\u00f3r\u00f0u l\u00f6g\u00f0 undir einskonar myndas\u00f6gu, me\u00f0 fj\u00f3rum r\u00f6mmum<\/a>, \u00fear sem rakinn er brokkgengur ferill stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforingjans J\u00f3nasar J\u00f3nssonar (A1). \u00cd sama t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i er l\u00edka skopmyndin \"Landskj\u00f6ri\u00f0\" (1926), \u00ed tveimur r\u00f6mmum<\/a>, sem geymir v\u00edsun \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndar skopmyndir af Birni J\u00f3nssyni r\u00e1\u00f0herra fr\u00e1 1909. Tryggvi v\u00edsa\u00f0i aftur til \u00feessarar myndar\u00a0 \u00ed Speglinum \u00feremur \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00cd allm\u00f6rgum t\u00f6lubl\u00f6\u00f0um Spegilsins<\/em> \u00feessi fyrstu \u00fatg\u00e1fu\u00e1r er \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ar myndir eftir Tryggva sem flokkast geta til myndasagna. \u00c1 einni, sem er samsett \u00far tveimur r\u00f6mmum<\/a>, er s\u00fdnt hvernig l\u00f6greglan hefur brug\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 sj\u00faklingaskorti \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. Alllangur texti er til hli\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 myndina (A1). \u00c1 annarri mynd, sem er reyndar bara einn rammi<\/a>, er l\u00fdst fundi \u00ed f\u00e9lagi ungra \u00cdhaldsmanna. Fundarmenn eru kornab\u00f6rn en samtali \u00feeirra um landsins gagn og nau\u00f0synjar er komi\u00f0 \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri \u00ed talbl\u00f6\u00f0rum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Fleiri d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 Tryggvi hafi n\u00fdtt talbl\u00f6\u00f0rur \u00ed myndum til a\u00f0 koma texta \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri og eru \u00e1 k\u00f6flum\u00a0athyglisver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1ttur myndbyggingarinnar<\/a>. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 staldra s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0 fors\u00ed\u00f0umynd 12. t\u00f6lubla\u00f0s 1927 en h\u00fan er samsett \u00far tveimur tengdum r\u00f6mmum;<\/a> talbl\u00f6\u00f0rur eru n\u00fdttar til a\u00f0 draga d\u00e1r a\u00f0 tv\u00f6f\u00f6ldu si\u00f0g\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00e1\u00f0amanna gagnvart \u00e1fengisbanninu (B2). H\u00e9r gengur Tryggvi \u00ed fyrsta sinn, \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e9g best veit, \"alla lei\u00f0\" \u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fdta listabr\u00f6g\u00f0 s\u00edgildu myndas\u00f6gunnar \u00ed tj\u00e1ningu sinni.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00d3lafur Engilbertsson, Inga Mar\u00eda Brynj\u00f3lfsd\u00f3ttir og \u00dalfhildur Dagsd\u00f3ttir fjalla \u00f6ll um Tryggva \u00ed s\u00f6gulegri umfj\u00f6llun um \u00edslensku myndas\u00f6guna en taka \u00fe\u00f3 ekki svo dj\u00fapt \u00ed \u00e1rinni a\u00f0 kalla hann beinl\u00ednis myndasagnah\u00f6fund e\u00f0a v\u00edsa tiltekinna verka hans \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sambandi. Halld\u00f3r Carlsson birtir hins vegar \u00ed heimildamynd sinni fj\u00f3ra ramma \u00far \"Kattafarganinu\" (1930), sex ramma myndas\u00f6gu<\/a> sem Tryggvi teikna\u00f0i og s\u00e1 raunar fyrir s\u00e9r sem ser\u00edu. Halld\u00f3r minnir l\u00edka \u00e1 \u00feetta verk \u00ed grein sinni \"\u00cdslenskar myndas\u00f6gur \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um og t\u00edmaritinum<\/a>\" (1999) sem hann skrifa\u00f0i \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 samnefnda s\u00fdningu \u00ed Norr\u00e6na h\u00fasinu. \"Kattafargani\u00f0\" er l\u00edka nefnt til s\u00f6gu \u00ed f\u00e6rslu \u00e1 Wikipediu<\/a> sem er helgu\u00f0 \u00edslenskum myndas\u00f6gum. Sagan er a\u00f0 mestu \"\u00fe\u00f6gul\" en hefst \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 stuttum inngangi \u00fear sem er \u00fatsk\u00fdrt a\u00f0 l\u00f6greglan keppi a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 farga \u00f6llum k\u00f6ttum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. Bo\u00f0a\u00f0 framhald \u00feessarar s\u00f6gu afmarka\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn \u00ed tveimur myndar\u00f6mmum<\/a> \u00ed n\u00e6sta t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i Spegilsins<\/em> og stakar skopmyndir \u00ed n\u00e6stu t\u00f6lubl\u00f6\u00f0um \u00fear \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Finna m\u00e1 fleiri \"\u00fe\u00f6glar myndas\u00f6gur<\/a>\" eftir Tryggva \u00ed Speglinum<\/em> fr\u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum. En \u00fear birtist l\u00edka \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 myndar\u00f6\u00f0 \u00fear sem sex samst\u00e6\u00f0ar myndir <\/a>fl\u00e9ttast saman tal pers\u00f3na sem birt er ne\u00f0an vi\u00f0 (A2). Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a augl\u00fdsingu fr\u00e1 \u00d6lger\u00f0 Egils Skallagr\u00edmssonar sem Tryggvi hefur teki\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 hana. H\u00f6fu\u00f0pers\u00f3nan er steinheppinn drengur sem br\u00fdtur r\u00fa\u00f0u og reynir a\u00f0 milda rei\u00f0i f\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00edns me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kaupa handa honum Egils \u00f6l. Taka m\u00e6tti fleiri d\u00e6mi af verkum Tryggva \u00ed Speglinum <\/em>um \u00feetta leyti sem sta\u00f0festa a\u00f0 hann, l\u00edkt og Muggur, var snemma \u00e1 ferli s\u00ednum handgenginn myndasagnaforminu. B\u00e1\u00f0ir hafa \u00feeir vafal\u00edti\u00f0 kynnst \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0an \u00feeir voru stundu\u00f0u n\u00e1m erlendis en \u00fea\u00f0 hefur l\u00edklega einnig haft sitt a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddar myndas\u00f6gur voru farnar a\u00f0 birtast \u00ed \u00edslenskum bl\u00f6\u00f0um \u00feegar \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1ratugnum og nutu stigvaxandi vins\u00e6lda.<\/p>\n

Um l\u00edkt leyti og Halli hr\u00faka<\/em> kom \u00fat hj\u00e1 \u00c6skunni h\u00f3f Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/em> a\u00f0 birta framhalds\u00f6guna \"Lj\u00f3s\u00e1lfurinn litli<\/a>\" (1927) en h\u00fan er l\u00edklega betur \u00feekkt sem D\u00edsa lj\u00f3s\u00e1lfur)<\/em>. Fyrsta sagan var rakin \u00ed 112 myndum en textinn, sem birtist ne\u00f0an vi\u00f0, haf\u00f0i b\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 geyma fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn s\u00f6gumanns og samt\u00f6l pers\u00f3na (A1-2). \"\"<\/a> \u00cd \u00e1\u00f0urnefndri yfirlitsgrein Sveppagreifans<\/a> komu \u00feessi og fleiri samb\u00e6rilegar s\u00f6gur, m.a. um Alfinn \u00e1lfak\u00f3ng og Dverginn rau\u00f0grana, \u00fat b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um og \u00e1 b\u00f3karformi undir lok \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratugarinns. \u00cdslensk myndasagna\u00fatg\u00e1fa var \u00fearna a\u00f0 komast s\u00e6mileg \u00e1 legg, \u00ed raun \u00ferj\u00e1t\u00edu \u00e1rum \u00e1\u00f0ur en frumsamdar \u00edslenskar s\u00f6gur f\u00f3ru a\u00f0 birtast af nokkrum krafti \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um og t\u00edmaritum. \u00cd millit\u00ed\u00f0inni marka\u00f0i fyrsta \u00edslenska listakonan \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 spor \u00e1 \u00feessum vettvangi. \u00deetta var N\u00edna Tryggvad\u00f3ttir sem, \u00e1samt sk\u00e1ldinu Steini Steinarr, sendi fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r myndab\u00f3kina Tind\u00e1tanna<\/em> (1943) \u00ed mi\u00f0ri s\u00ed\u00f0ri heimsstyrj\u00f6ld. Vi\u00f0fangefni\u00f0 var eldfimur p\u00f3lit\u00edskur veruleik str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1takanna og sverja sumar myndanna sig \u00ed \u00e6tt bandar\u00edskra myndasagna og teiknimynda<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 lokum<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan var l\u00e1ti\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed liggja a\u00f0 d\u00f6nsk skopmynd af Birni J\u00f3nssyni r\u00e1\u00f0herra sem birtist \u00ed \u00edslensku dagbla\u00f0i og \u00edslensk \"a\u00f0l\u00f6gun\" hennar \u00e1 p\u00f3stkorti smarki upphaf myndasagna\u00fatg\u00e1funnar h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1909. En kannski n\u00e6r \u00feessi saga lengra aftur, a\u00f0 minnsta kosti aftur til \u00e1rsins 1888. \u00de\u00e1 birtist eftirfrandi fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn \u00ed Fjalkonunni<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\"Alkunnugt skopbla\u00f0 (,,Puck\u201c), sem kemr \u00fat \u00ed New York, f\u00e6r\u00f0i fyrir sk\u00f6mmu nokkrar myndir, til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna hina hl\u00e6gilegu hr\u00e6\u00f0slu karlmanna um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00feeir ver\u00f0i misskildir, er \u00feeir koma \u00feanga\u00f0 sem heimas\u00e6tur eru. \"\"<\/a>\u00dear er s\u00fdnt herbergi, \u00fear sem hj\u00f3n sitja me\u00f0 gjafvaxta d\u00f3ttur, enn inn kemr ungr ma\u00f0r og taka \u00feau kve\u00f0ju hans mj\u00f6g vonarlega. Me\u00f0 honum eru tveir fylgdarmenn. Ungi ma\u00f0rinn er mj\u00f6g spj\u00e1trungslegr me\u00f0 gleraugu og skegg \u00e1 efri v\u00f6r, og hefir skj\u00f6ld \u00e1 brj\u00f3stinu, sem grafi\u00f0 er \u00e1: \u201eThis is merely a social call, and does not mean matrimony\" (\u00feetta er a\u00f0 eins venjuleg heims\u00f3kn, enn ekki til kvonm\u00e1la). Annar fylgdarma\u00f0rinn er l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingr og hv\u00edslar a\u00f0 unga manninum, hva\u00f0 hann skuli segja; hinn er hra\u00f0ritari, \u00fat b\u00fainn me\u00f0 vasab\u00f3k og st\u00fdl, og \u00e1 a\u00f0 skrifa n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega hvert or\u00f0 sem tala\u00f0 er. D\u00e1l\u00edtill grimmr hvolpr geltir allt af a\u00f0 gestunum.\"<\/p>\n

\u00cd raun er \u00feetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing e\u00f0a a\u00f0l\u00f6gun \u00e1 skopmynd eftir Frederick Burr Opper. M\u00e1 kannski segja a\u00f0 r\u00e6tur myndasagna\u00fatg\u00e1fu \u00ed prentmi\u00f0lum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi teygi sig allt aftur til \u00feessarar (\u00f3s\u00fdnilegu) myndar?<\/p>\n

Nokkrir frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lar \u00ed myndl\u00fdsingu og myndasagnager\u00f0 og verk \u00feeirra<\/strong><\/p>\n