{"id":398,"date":"2026-01-19T13:00:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T13:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/?p=398"},"modified":"2026-01-29T20:25:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T20:25:48","slug":"398","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/2026\/01\/19\/398\/","title":{"rendered":"NAS002F - Lestur viku 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SFFF Pistill #3\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Mzfv4Mf5EcA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 skilgreina n\u00e1m \u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edka vegu \u2014 kalt og \u00f3pers\u00f3nluega, e\u00f0a h\u00e1fleygt og lj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6nt \u2014 en \u00ed grunninn felst \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed umbreytingu \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem vi\u00f0 erum. \u00dea\u00f0 er kannski r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e1m \u00fearf ekki endilega a\u00f0 vera j\u00e1kv\u00e6tt \u2014 vi\u00f0 getum t.a.m. l\u00e6rt sl\u00e6ma heg\u00f0un \u2014 \u00fe\u00f3tt yfirleitt sn\u00faist \u00fea\u00f0 um a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 einhverri uppbyggilegri e\u00f0a gagnlegri h\u00e6fni vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0um fyrir.<\/p>\n<p>Hr\u00f3bjartur snertir einnig \u00e1 einu sem \u00e9g tel mikilv\u00e6gt: Hann segir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 n\u00e1mi\u00f0 sem hafi fleytt okkur eins langt og vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum n\u00e1\u00f0 sem er heldur miki\u00f0 mannhorf fyrir minn part, en \u00e9g er \u00fev\u00ed hjartanlega samm\u00e1la sem hann fylgir \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0; a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er geta okkar til a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra saman sem skiptir okkur miklu m\u00e1li. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki bara a\u00f0 okkur s\u00e9 e\u00f0lisl\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra heldur er okkur e\u00f0lisl\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra og mi\u00f0la \u00ed samf\u00e9lagi vi\u00f0 anna\u00f0 f\u00f3lk.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/namfullordinna.is\/2021\/11\/15\/3-malid-er-ad-studla-ad-nami\/\">3. M\u00e1li\u00f0 er a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 N\u00c1MI<\/a><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u00c1skorun: N\u00e1m<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u00c1\u00f0ur en \u00fe\u00fa lest \u00e1fram skrifa\u00f0u hj\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e9r \u00fe\u00edna skilgreiningu \u00e1 n\u00e1mi:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>Hva\u00f0 er n\u00e1m \u00ed \u00fe\u00ednum huga?\u00a0 Hvernig g\u00e6tir \u00fe\u00fa l\u00fdst \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e1m ER \u00ed nokkrum or\u00f0um?\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00deegar \u00e9g hugsa um n\u00e1m lei\u00f0i \u00e9g hugann a\u00f0 me\u00f0vita\u00f0ri \u00f6flun \u00feekkingar e\u00f0a h\u00e6fni, en \u00e1 m\u00f3ti kemur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 svosum segja a\u00f0 n\u00e1m geti vel \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nemandinn \u00e1tti sig e\u00f0a s\u00e6kist s\u00e9rstaklega eftir \u00fev\u00ed. \u00deannig m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 nemandi sem hefur engan \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sitja \u00ed einhverri ger\u00f0 t\u00edma en l\u00e6tur til lei\u00f0ast a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed verkefnum e\u00f0a samr\u00e6\u00f0um getur vel l\u00e6rt. Kannski er ekkert unni\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilgreina n\u00e1m svo \u00fea\u00f0 utanskilji \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra a\u00f0 beygja sig \u00feegar fari\u00f0 er \u00ed gegnum l\u00e1gar dyr til a\u00f0 reka h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0 ekki uppundir.<\/p>\n<p>Kannski er munurinn fremur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1m sem nemandinn s\u00e6kist eftir og er me\u00f0vita\u00f0ur um er hagkv\u00e6mara og d\u00fdpra, frekar en a\u00f0 anna\u00f0 s\u00e9 n\u00e1m en hitt ekki.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd myndbandinu er sett fram eftirfarandi skilgreining:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>N\u00e1m er s\u00e9rhvert ferli sem lei\u00f0ir til varanlegra breytinga \u00ed \u00feekkingu, heg\u00f0un, vi\u00f0horfi og leikni. Breytinga sem ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tengja beint vi\u00f0 aukinn aldur e\u00f0a \u00feroska.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00deessi skilgreining fer vel \u00ed a\u00f0 a\u00f0greina \u201ee\u00f0lilegan \u00feroska\u201c fr\u00e1 n\u00e1mi, en \u00e9g er efins um a\u00f0 seinni setningin s\u00e9 jafn au\u00f0veld og a\u00f0greinanleg og h\u00fan kann a\u00f0 virka sem. Er \u00fea\u00f0 virkilega svo a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar varanlegar breytingar s\u00e9u anna\u00f0 hvort tengdar vi\u00f0 aukinn aldur e\u00f0a \u00feroska, e\u00f0a ekki?<\/p>\n<p>Myndbandi\u00f0 snertir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 n\u00f3g a\u00f0 f\u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingar; vinna \u00fearf me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00deekking: \u00dea\u00f0 sem ver\u00f0ur til \u00feegar einhver vinnur me\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingar og gerir a\u00f0 s\u00ednum. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3ZhPEAIwDQY?t=565\">9:25<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Leikni: Getan til a\u00f0 vinna verk og leysa verkefni (<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/3ZhPEAIwDQY?t=590\">9:50<\/a>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Hr\u00f3bjartur kemur a\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 nemendur sj\u00e1i markmi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00feau l\u00e6ra. \u00deau spyrja sig (og jafnvel kennarann) hvort \u00feetta muni n\u00fdtast \u00feeim. \u00c9g velti \u00fev\u00ed fyrir m\u00e9r hvernig s\u00fa spurning tengist annarri spurningu: \u201eKemur \u00feetta \u00e1 pr\u00f3fi?\u201c og huglei\u00f0i hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 sem nemendur eru farnir a\u00f0 tengja helst vi\u00f0 \u2014 og \u00fe\u00e1 hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 heilbrigt...<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/namfullordinna.is\/2021\/11\/15\/fjorar-tegundir-nams-2\/\">Fj\u00f3rar tegundir n\u00e1ms<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Kaflinn fjallar um fj\u00f3rflokkun n\u00e1ms:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Upps\u00f6fnun (e. cumulative)<\/li>\n<li>Saml\u00f6gun (e. assimilative)<\/li>\n<li>A\u00f0h\u00e6fingu (e. accommodative)<\/li>\n<li>Umbreytingu (e. transformative)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u00c1skorun: Fj\u00f3rar tegundir n\u00e1ms<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sp\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0eins \u00ed \u00fe\u00edna kennslu og \u00feessar fj\u00f3rar tegundir n\u00e1ms. Veldu tilteki\u00f0 n\u00e1mskei\u00f0 e\u00f0a n\u00e1msferli sem \u00fe\u00fa ver\u00f0ur \u00e1byrg\/ur fyrir flj\u00f3tlega. Veltu fyrir \u00fe\u00e9r hvers konar n\u00e1m \u00fe\u00fa reiknar me\u00f0 a\u00f0 nemendur \u00fe\u00ednir fari \u00ed gegnum \u00e1 \u00feessu tilteknu n\u00e1mskei\u00f0i. Eru \u00feeir a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra eitthva\u00f0 alveg n\u00fdtt og \u00feurfa a\u00f0 safna saman uppl\u00fdsingum e\u00f0a stangast \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00feau munu l\u00e6ra \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00feau telja sig vita fyrir o.s.frv. Skrifa\u00f0u sv\u00f6rin \u00ed gl\u00f3sub\u00f3kina \u00fe\u00edna, \u00feau n\u00fdtast \u00fe\u00e9r \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa fer\u00f0 a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa framsetningu n\u00e1msefnis og verkefni.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00c9g hugsa a\u00f0 s\u00fa kennsla sem \u00e9g hafi helst bo\u00f0i\u00f0 fullor\u00f0num upp \u00e1 hafi veri\u00f0 blanda upps\u00f6fnunarn\u00e1ms og saml\u00f6gunar. Miki\u00f0 til hefur \u00feetta veri\u00f0 \u00e1 formi efnislegrar fr\u00e6\u00f0slu um e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a forritun, en einnig um a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 au\u00f0velda kennurum a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a nemendum upp \u00e1 (auki\u00f0) verklegt n\u00e1m e\u00f0a verkefnavinnu. A\u00f0 einhverju leyti snertir sl\u00edkt n\u00e1m \u00e1 a\u00f0h\u00e6fingu, s\u00e9r \u00ed lagi \u00feegar forhugmyndir \u00feeirra reynast vera ranghugmyndir. Umbreytandi n\u00e1m v\u00e6ri \u00e6skilegast en til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 einhverju sl\u00edku \u00feyrfti eflaust a\u00f0 n\u00e1 a\u00f0 fylgja \u00fe\u00e1tttakendum eftir \u00ed einhvern t\u00edma \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feau geti m\u00e1ta\u00f0 l\u00e6rd\u00f3minn vi\u00f0 starfi\u00f0 og s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00ed reynd hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 getur virka\u00f0.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/assets.cambridge.org\/97805218\/45540\/excerpt\/9780521845540_excerpt.pdf\"><span class=\"TextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\">Keith Sawyer: Introduction: The new science of learning<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\">Inngangskaflinn \u00far The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun  BCX2 SCXO199367311\"> (pp. 1\u201318) en hlekkurinn er bara me\u00f0 10 bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0ur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Keith fer \u00fearna \u00ed gegnum ...<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/onedrive.live.com\/?id=B20F6D79701BE589%21s111af05615b7481f8f4388ade56f815f&amp;cid=B20F6D79701BE589&amp;redeem=aHR0cHM6Ly8xZHJ2Lm1zL2IvYy9iMjBmNmQ3OTcwMWJlNTg5L0lRQlc4Qm9SdHhVZlNJOURpSzNsYjRGZkFaMi1QS0JaN0NJOHhNNGN4SUotcVZRP2U9bWVROXBP&amp;parId=B20F6D79701BE589%2187845&amp;o=OneUp\">\u00d6rstutt um n\u00e1m fullor\u00f0inna<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fullordnir.namfullordinna.is\/2016\/11\/06\/ad-saekja-ser-kartoflur-i-sodid-og-menntun-i-leidinni\/\">A\u00f0 s\u00e6kja s\u00e9r \u2026 kart\u00f6flur \u00ed so\u00f0i\u00f0 og menntun \u00ed lei\u00f0inni\u2026<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e9r fer Hr\u00f3bjartur yfir \u00feau or\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 notum til a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a menntun:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Sumir\u00a0<strong>s\u00e6kja sk\u00f3la,<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>s\u00e6kja n\u00e1mskei\u00f0,<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0<strong>fara \u00e1 n\u00e1mskei\u00f0<\/strong>;\u00feeir\u00a0<strong>leggja stund \u00e1 n\u00e1m, stunda n\u00e1m, setjast \u00e1 sk\u00f3labekk<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0<strong>ganga<\/strong>\u00a0jafnvel\u00a0<strong>sk\u00f3laveginn\u00a0<\/strong>\u00ed \u00feessum tilgangi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Hann gerir svo s\u00e9rstaklega a\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni or\u00f0asamband sem hann segir or\u00f0i\u00f0 algengt: \u201eA\u00f0 s\u00e6kja s\u00e9r menntun\u201c sem hann telur vera tilkomi\u00f0 af ruglingi vi\u00f0 or\u00f0atilt\u00e6ki\u00f0 \u201ea\u00f0 s\u00e6kja sk\u00f3la\u201c og \u00feykir gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far virka \u00fe\u00e6tti menntunar. \u00c9g tel mig skilja r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rsluna, en er henni ekki alveg samm\u00e1la.<\/p>\n<p>\u00de\u00f3tt vissulega s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edti\u00f0 m\u00e1l a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja s\u00e9r kart\u00f6flur \u00ed so\u00f0i\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 minn m\u00e1lskilningur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201es\u00e6kja s\u00e9r \u00ed so\u00f0i\u00f0\u201c merki a\u00f0 vei\u00f0a s\u00e9r til matar sem getur veri\u00f0 (er yfirleitt?) svo sannarlega virk a\u00f0ger\u00f0 og getur veri\u00f0 mikil \u00e1skorun.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 skilgreina n\u00e1m \u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edka vegu \u2014 kalt og \u00f3pers\u00f3nluega, e\u00f0a h\u00e1fleygt og lj\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e6nt \u2014 en \u00ed grunninn felst \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed umbreytingu \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1485,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[171631],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-naf002f"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1485"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=398"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":404,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398\/revisions\/404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/martin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}