{"id":974,"date":"2017-03-19T18:42:16","date_gmt":"2017-03-19T18:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/rhv\/?page_id=974"},"modified":"2023-06-03T22:48:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T22:48:38","slug":"bartleby-skrifari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/rhv\/%c3%bey%c3%b0andinn\/bartleby-skrifari\/","title":{"rendered":"Bartleby skrifari"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u201e\u00c9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur,\u201c segir Bartleby skrifari hva\u00f0 eftir anna\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessari s\u00f6gu. Hann hefur r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 sig til starfa \u00e1 l\u00f6gmannsstofu \u00e1 Wall Street og \u00feetta tilsvar hans hrindir af sta\u00f0 atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1s sem er \u00ed senn skondin og sorgleg. Um lei\u00f0 vekur h\u00fan grundvallarspurningar um samskipti manna, spurningar sem \u00fe\u00f3 f\u00e1st engin endanleg sv\u00f6r vi\u00f0. Sagan hefur einnig veri\u00f0 r\u00e6dd sem sk\u00e1ldleg yfirl\u00fdsing um borgaralega \u00f3hl\u00fd\u00f0ni andsp\u00e6nis ofurvaldi samf\u00e9lags sem stj\u00f3rnast af l\u00f6gm\u00e1lum Wall Street.<\/p>\n

Sagan af Bartleby kom fyrst \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1853 og er \u00e1samt\u00a0Moby Dick<\/em> l\u00edfseigasta verk Hermans Melvilles. H\u00fan telst lykilsaga \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un sm\u00e1sagnaformsins vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fear koma fram pers\u00f3nur sem l\u00edkjast raunverulegu f\u00f3lki en \u00e1\u00f0ur l\u00edktust s\u00f6gupers\u00f3nur gjarnan go\u00f0sagnaverum.<\/p>\n

Sagan birtist h\u00e9r \u00ed tv\u00edm\u00e1la \u00fatg\u00e1fu \u00e1 \u00edslensku og ensku, me\u00f0 eftirm\u00e1la \u00fear sem fjalla\u00f0 er b\u00e6\u00f0i um s\u00f6guna og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0inguna. Einnig fylgja \u00fdmis umhugsunarefni fyrir lesandann sem g\u00e6tu n\u00fdst vi\u00f0 kennslu \u00ed ensku, b\u00f3kmenntum og ritlist.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta er fyrsta b\u00f3kin \u00ed tv\u00edm\u00e1la ritr\u00f6\u00f0 \u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingaseturs H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands me\u00f0 klass\u00edskum textum \u00ed a\u00f0gengilegu formi fyrir nemendur og b\u00f3kmenntaunnendur. Ritstj\u00f3ri ra\u00f0arinnar er Gauti Kristmannsson, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingafr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ritd\u00f3mur<\/h2>\n

J\u00f3hann Helgi Hei\u00f0dal:<\/p>\n

Frumspekileg tragik\u00f3med\u00eda, tr\u00faarleg samf\u00e9lagsgagnr\u00fdni og abs\u00fardismi (bara svo eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9 nefnt)<\/h3>\n

BARTLEBY SKRIFARI<\/h3>\n

Eftir a\u00f0 hafa loki\u00f0 vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rvirki\u00f0\u00a0Moby-Dick; Or, The Whale<\/i>\u00a0sem kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1851, gaf Herman Melville \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r nokkrar st\u00f3r\u00e1hugaver\u00f0ar sm\u00e1s\u00f6gur. Sumir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn vilja meina a\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum \u00fe\u00e6r hafi hann a\u00f0 einhverju leyti fengi\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00e1s fyrir gremju s\u00edna yfir vi\u00f0t\u00f6kunum, en \u00feetta t\u00edmalausa meistaraverk heimsb\u00f3kmenntanna, afrakstur gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega krefjandi og erfi\u00f0rar vinnu sem Melville gaf allt sem hann \u00e1tti \u00ed, f\u00e9kk ekki n\u00e6rri \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1tti skili\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma og var h\u00f6fundurinn skiljanlega vonsvikinn. Sannleikurinn var s\u00e1 a\u00f0\u00a0Moby-Dick \u2013\u00a0<\/i>sem er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 algj\u00f6rlega \u00f3flokkanleg \u2013 var svo \u00f3tr\u00falega frumleg og langt \u00e1 undan s\u00ednum samt\u00edma a\u00f0 gagnr\u00fdnendur \u00feess t\u00edma vissu einfaldlega ekkert hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 gera vi\u00f0 \u00feetta st\u00f3rskr\u00fdtna verk. \u00c1 me\u00f0an \u00e1 vinnunni st\u00f3\u00f0 var Melville \u00fe\u00f3 fullme\u00f0vita\u00f0ur um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann haf\u00f0i \u00ed h\u00f6ndunum v\u00e6ri einstakt og mikilv\u00e6gt.<\/p>\n

Af \u00feessum sm\u00e1s\u00f6gum sem Melville skrifa\u00f0i \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 er\u00a0Bartleby the Scrivener,\u00a0<\/i>sem R\u00fanar Helgi Vignisson hefur \u00fe\u00fdtt sem\u00a0Bartleby skrifari\u00a0<\/i>og \u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingasetur H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands n\u00fdlega gefi\u00f0 \u00fat, l\u00edklega s\u00fa besta og \u00e1hugaver\u00f0asta.<\/p>\n

\u00cd s\u00f6gunni kynnumst vi\u00f0 \u00f3nefndum s\u00f6gumanni, l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingi sem rekur eigin l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0istofu me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp tveggja starfsmanna sem kalla\u00f0ir eru \u00feeim undarlegu n\u00f6fnum Kalk\u00fann, Naglb\u00edtur, \u00e1samt sendisveininum Pipark\u00f6ku. Fyrri tveir eru skrifarar, en \u00fea\u00f0 starf felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 afrita mikilv\u00e6g skj\u00f6l og papp\u00edra. En vi\u00f0skiptin aukast hj\u00e1 s\u00f6gumanninum og \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0ur hann a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a annan skrifara. \u00deannig kemur Bartleby inn \u00ed l\u00edf hans, en \u00ed fyrstu er hann fyrirmyndarstarfsma\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 vera kannski einum of \u00f3f\u00e9lagslyndur. En l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn veit ekki hva\u00f0an \u00e1 sig stendur ve\u00f0ri\u00f0 \u00feegar hann bi\u00f0ur Bartleby einn daginn a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa s\u00e9r me\u00f0 anna\u00f0 verkefni og hann svarar \u201e\u00e9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur\u201c. Hann heldur \u00ed fyrstu a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 einangra\u00f0 tilvik, en \u00feegar Bartleby fer a\u00f0 svara \u00f6llum bei\u00f0num me\u00f0 \u00feessum or\u00f0um veit l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn ekki hva\u00f0 hann \u00e1 til brag\u00f0s a\u00f0 taka. Hann veltir fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 reka hann, en fellur \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00fear sem hver veit hvar Bartleby \u2013 sem honum l\u00edkar \u00fe\u00f3 vel vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir allt \u2013 g\u00e6ti enda\u00f0 (e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 telur hann s\u00e9r tr\u00fa um, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 nokku\u00f0 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an er fyrst og fremst \u00e1takaf\u00e6lni hans). En \u00feegar Bartleby h\u00e6ttir einnig a\u00f0 vinna vinnu s\u00edna, situr allan daginn \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru herbergi og starir \u00e1 vegg og svarar \u00f6llum tilraunum til a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa honum me\u00f0 \u201e\u00e9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur\u201c e\u00f0a einhverjum \u00fatg\u00e1fum af \u00fev\u00ed, \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0ur l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn a\u00f0 skipa honum a\u00f0 fara. \u00dev\u00ed svarar hann \u00fe\u00f3 einnig me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu or\u00f0um. L\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn \u00e1kve\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skipta um h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 losna vi\u00f0 hann, en n\u00fdju eigendurnir hafa \u00fe\u00f3 flj\u00f3tt uppi \u00e1 honum og gr\u00e1tbi\u00f0ja hann um a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa s\u00e9r me\u00f0 Bartleby sem situr enn sem fastast \u00ed h\u00fasinu og neitar a\u00f0 hafa sig \u00e1 brott. Bartleby er a\u00f0 lokum f\u00e6r\u00f0ur \u00ed fangelsi \u00fear sem l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn heims\u00e6kir hann. \u00dear situr hann einnig og starir \u00fat \u00ed t\u00f3mi\u00f0 allan daginn og neitar a\u00f0 gera nokkurn skapa\u00f0an hlut. Vill ekki einu sinni a\u00f0 bor\u00f0a \u2013 en \u00e1 endanum deyr Bartleby \u00fev\u00ed \u00far hungri.<\/p>\n

Sm\u00e1saga Melville er \u00fev\u00ed v\u00e6gast sagt fur\u00f0uleg. H\u00fan er almennt talin vera mikilv\u00e6gur undanfari abs\u00fardista b\u00f3kmennta, en greina m\u00e1 sterk l\u00edkindi me\u00f0 fr\u00e6gum h\u00f6fundum \u00feeirrar hef\u00f0ar \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld. Kafka fyrst og fremst, en einnig Camus, Vonnegut, o.fl. H\u00fan er einnig \u00e1litin vera eitt mikilv\u00e6gasta verk amer\u00edskrar sm\u00e1sagnahef\u00f0ar og hefur l\u00f6ngum veri\u00f0 skyldulesning \u00ed sk\u00f3lum \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum og fastagestur \u00ed s\u00f6fnum yfir bestu sm\u00e1s\u00f6gur Bandar\u00edkjanna.<\/p>\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed hversu langl\u00edf og \u00e1hrifamikil h\u00fan hefur reynst liggur kannski fyrst og fremst \u00ed \u00feeirri st\u00f3rfur\u00f0ulegu r\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1tu sem lesandinn stendur uppi me\u00f0. Hver er Bartleby? Hva\u00f0 vakir fyrir honum? Hva\u00f0 er Melville a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 segja n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega me\u00f0 \u00feessari s\u00f6gu? H\u00fan streitist \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00f6llum endanlegum t\u00falkunum og skilningum; en h\u00fan er b\u00e6\u00f0i mj\u00f6g fyndin og mj\u00f6g sorgleg, og Bartleby b\u00e6\u00f0i aumkunarver\u00f0ur en \u00e1 sama t\u00edma g\u00f6fugur. E\u00f0a hvorugt?<\/p>\n

H\u00e6gt er \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 t\u00falka s\u00f6guna \u00e1 \u00f3tal mismunandi vegu. Fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 fyrsta v\u00e6ri einfaldlega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa hana sem framsetningu \u00e1 \u00feunglyndi \u2013 en heg\u00f0un Bartlebys ber oft sterk einkenni \u00feess ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ms. H\u00fan hefur einnig veri\u00f0 lesin fr\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfs\u00e6vis\u00f6gulegu sj\u00f3narhorni, en \u00fe\u00e1 er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 Melville hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur sem \u201ekaus s\u00ed\u00f0ur\u201c a\u00f0 fylgja stefnum og straumum b\u00f3kmennta s\u00edns t\u00edma og skrifa verk sem f\u00e6ru betur ofan \u00ed lesendur og seldust meira. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn skrifa\u00f0i hann gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega metna\u00f0arfull og fl\u00f3kin verk sem reyndu a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um d\u00f6kkan og \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilegan (\u00e1samt margr\u00e6\u00f0num og \u00f3lj\u00f3sum) sannleika um manninn og tilvistina \u2013 en \u00feau f\u00e9llu oft \u00ed gr\u00fdttan jar\u00f0veg og n\u00e1\u00f0i Melville aldrei neinni alv\u00f6ru fr\u00e6g\u00f0 e\u00f0a velgengni sem rith\u00f6fundur \u00e1 me\u00f0an hann lif\u00f0i. \u00deannig er Bartleby a\u00f0 einhverju leyti Melville sj\u00e1lfur.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 liggur au\u00f0vita\u00f0 einnig beinast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 t\u00falka hana \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskan h\u00e1tt: sem and\u00f3f gegn r\u00edkjandi gildum og\u00a0 atferli, a\u00f0 synda gegn straumnum, einstaklingur sem neitar a\u00f0 fara eftir reglum samf\u00e9lagsins, o.s.frv. N\u00fa m\u00e1 telja fullv\u00edst a\u00f0 Melville hafi veri\u00f0 undir a.m.k. einhverjum \u00e1hrifum fr\u00e1 fr\u00e6gu verki Henry David Thoreau,\u00a0Civil Disobedience<\/i>, sem haf\u00f0i komi\u00f0 \u00fat r\u00e9tt \u00e1\u00f0ur, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1849. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed verki heldur hinn fr\u00e6gi heimspekingur og uppreisnarseggur \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 einstaklingnum beri engin skylda til a\u00f0 fara eftir l\u00f6gum sem str\u00ed\u00f0a gegn samvisku hans \u2013 \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti ber honum skylda til til a\u00f0 neita a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0. Hann segist neita me\u00f0 \u00f6llu a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna r\u00edkisvald sem einnig er r\u00edkisvald yfir \u00fer\u00e6lum og h\u00e1ir gl\u00e6psamleg og si\u00f0laus str\u00ed\u00f0 gegn l\u00f6ndum eins og Mex\u00edk\u00f3. Thoreau neita\u00f0i a\u00f0 borga skatta af \u00feessum s\u00f6kum eins og fr\u00e6gt er og enda\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed fangelsi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Eins og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0andinn bendir einnig \u00e1 \u00ed eftirm\u00e1la, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 heldur engin tilviljun a\u00f0 sagan gerist \u00e1 Wall Street. Veggir eru mj\u00f6g fyrirfer\u00f0armiklir \u00ed s\u00f6gunni, og t\u00e1kna m.a. m\u00f6rkin milli Bartleby og samstarfsf\u00e9laga hans \u2013 sem og samf\u00e9lagsins alls. Hversu gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega a\u00f0skilinn og einangra\u00f0ur hann er. En me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa s\u00f6gusvi\u00f0i\u00f0 Wall Street, sem \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma sem sagan er skrifu\u00f0 l\u00edkt og n\u00fa \u00e1 d\u00f6gum, vekur upp hugmyndir um si\u00f0laust fj\u00e1rm\u00e1labrask og gr\u00e6\u00f0gi hinna r\u00edku, m\u00e6tti \u00e6tla a\u00f0 Melville s\u00e9 h\u00e9r a\u00f0 rei\u00f0a fram sterka samf\u00e9lagsgagnr\u00fdni. Enda hefur Bartleby, me\u00f0 afst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni og heg\u00f0un, dj\u00fapst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 s\u00e1larl\u00edf s\u00f6gumannsins. Bartleby f\u00e6r hann til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru sj\u00f3narhorni og eftir \u00feessa reynslu l\u00edtur \u00fat fyrir a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 or\u00f0inn a\u00f0 betri manneskju me\u00f0 meiri samkennd fyrir viki\u00f0. \u00cd dag vekur lesturinn einnig \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega upp tengsl vi\u00f0 fr\u00e6ga and\u00f3fshreyfingu: Occupy Wall Street, en or\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0occupy<\/i>\u00a0kemur oft fyrir \u00ed frumtextanum til a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa st\u00f6\u00f0u Bartleby \u00e1 l\u00f6gmannstofunni. Enda nota\u00f0i hreyfingin or\u00f0 Bartleby \u2013\u00a0I would prefer not to \u2013\u00a0<\/i>sem slagor\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 allir \u00feessir lestrar eru \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ir og ekkert endilega rangir, \u00fe\u00e1 tel \u00e9g \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 eitthva\u00f0 mun d\u00fdpra og fl\u00f3knara \u00ed gangi \u00ed s\u00f6gunni \u2013 eins og vi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 b\u00faast af h\u00f6fundi\u00a0Moby-Dick<\/i>. \u00dev\u00ed s\u00fa d\u00f6kka frumspekilega s\u00fdn sem Melville rei\u00f0ir \u00fear fram er einmitt undir sterkum \u00e1hrifum, en \u00e1 sama t\u00edma mj\u00f6g gagnr\u00fdnin \u00e1 transcendentalista heimspeki Ralph Waldo Emersons, sem Thoreau a\u00f0hylltist au\u00f0vita\u00f0 einnig og s\u00e9st \u00ed verkum hans. S\u00fa j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ni, jafnvel bjarts\u00fdni, sem finna m\u00e1 \u00ed verkum Thoreau og margra annarra transcendentalista \u2013\u00a0 \u00e1samt ofureinstaklingshyggjunni au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u2013\u00a0 umbreytist \u00ed frumspekilega ge\u00f0veiki Ahab \u00ed me\u00f0f\u00f6rum Melville.<\/p>\n

\u00cd\u00a0Bartleby skrifari<\/i>\u00a0rei\u00f0ir Melville fram pers\u00f3nu sem sn\u00fdr baki vi\u00f0 \u00f6ll: \u00f6\u00f0ru f\u00f3lki, samf\u00e9laginu, eigin \u00fe\u00e6gindum, sj\u00e1lfsvir\u00f0ingu og jafnvel n\u00e6ringu. \u00deessi ofur r\u00f3t\u00e6ka afsta\u00f0a m\u00e6tti l\u00fdsa sem vissri ge\u00f0veiki sem \u00e1 margt skylt me\u00f0 fr\u00e6gri ge\u00f0veiki Ahab. En eins og a\u00f0 fer\u00f0alag Ahab \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00f3m\u00f6gulegu og vonlausu takmarki s\u00ednu, \u00fear sem hann l\u00e6tur ekkert stoppa sig (\u201eI would strike the sun if it insulted me<\/i>\u201c er ein eftirminnilegasta setning b\u00f3karinnar), gerir hann a\u00f0 skepnu sem er firrt \u00f6llu \u00fev\u00ed sem mannlegt er og tekur \u00e1 endanum einnig l\u00edf hans, er Bartleby \u00e1 svipa\u00f0an h\u00e1tt \u00ed einhvers konar sj\u00e1lfsey\u00f0ileggjandi fer\u00f0alagi \u00fear sem hann tapar \u00f6llum mannlegum eiginleikum. Markmi\u00f0 Bartleby er \u00f3lj\u00f3st, en uppreisn Ahab gegn frumspekilegum skilyr\u00f0um tilvistarinnar, veggjum hins sj\u00e1anlega og n\u00e1tt\u00farulega heims (\u201eStrike through the Mask!<\/i>\u201c), vir\u00f0ist vera skyld uppreisn Bartleby, nema hann fer \u00ed hina \u00e1ttina. Hann vi\u00f0urkennir ekki a\u00f0eins veggina, heldur styrkir \u00fe\u00e1 og b\u00fdr til eins marga og m\u00f6gulegt er \u00fear til \u00fea\u00f0 sem eftir stendur er pers\u00f3na gersneydd allri mannlegri reisn sem hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vera \u00ed eins mikilli \u00fej\u00e1ningu og m\u00f6gulegt er; f\u00e9lagslegri, s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri, andlegri og \u00e1 endanum l\u00edkamlegri. \u00deannig v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa Bartleby sem hryllingss\u00f6gu einnig.<\/p>\n

Sagan endar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00f6gupers\u00f3nan kemst a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Bartleby starfa\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, og ey\u00f0a, dau\u00f0um br\u00e9fum. Sem sagt p\u00f3sti \u00fear sem vi\u00f0takandi er l\u00e1tinn. Lei\u00f0ir hann a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edkur a\u00f0 \u00feessi reynsla s\u00e9 r\u00f3tin a\u00f0 fur\u00f0ulegu afst\u00f6\u00f0u Bartleby, a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi fyllt hann algj\u00f6ru vonleysi. S\u00f6guma\u00f0urinn sj\u00e1lfur vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 hafa fengi\u00f0 n\u00fdja s\u00fdn \u00e1 mannkyni\u00f0 eftir kynnin af Bartleby og endar sagan \u00e1 eftirminnilegri upphr\u00f3pun sem einnig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00e1 margan \u00f3l\u00edkan h\u00e1tt \u201e\u00d3, Bartleby! O, mannkyn!\u201c.<\/p>\n

Hver svo sem endanlegi sannleikurinn um Bartleby (e\u00f0a Ahab) er, \u00fe\u00e1 er\u00a0Bartleby skrifari\u00a0<\/i>st\u00f3rmerkileg saga eins af st\u00e6rstu og mikilv\u00e6gustu rith\u00f6fundum b\u00f3kmenntas\u00f6gunnar. H\u00fan er dularfull r\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta, en eins og \u00fe\u00e6r margar \u00f3l\u00edku t\u00falkanir \u00e1 henni s\u00fdna fram \u00e1, \u00fe\u00e1 er h\u00fan \u00e1 sama t\u00edma r\u00edk au\u00f0lind \u00e1hugaver\u00f0a heimspekilegra, tr\u00faarlegra, s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra og f\u00e9lagslegra vangaveltna sem hafa ekki tapa\u00f0 neinu af \u00e1hrifam\u00e6tti s\u00ednum \u00ed dag \u2013 settar fram \u00ed einst\u00f6kum st\u00edl Melvilles sem n\u00e6r einhverju meistaralegu og fullkomnu jafnv\u00e6gi \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir allar \u00fe\u00e6r \u00f3l\u00edku stefnur og hugmyndir sem togast \u00e1 \u00ed verkinu.<\/p>\n

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\u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingin er hluti af ritr\u00f6\u00f0 \u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingaseturs H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00fear sem frumtextinn er birtur vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0in\u00e1. Sl\u00edk n\u00e1lgun hefur s\u00fdna kosti. \u00dea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 geta bori\u00f0 textana \u00feannig saman og \u00fea\u00f0 er alltaf betra a\u00f0 eiga b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fatg\u00e1furnar heldur en a\u00f0eins a\u00f0ra hvora. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 spurning hvort \u00feetta trufli lesturinn hj\u00e1 einhverjum, en ef ma\u00f0ur getur ekki stillt sig um a\u00f0 vera s\u00edfellt a\u00f0 fara fram og tilbaka og bera saman \u00fe\u00e1 getur \u00fea\u00f0 ekki anna\u00f0 en dregi\u00f0 \u00far upplifuninni \u2013 en verk Melville eru full af t\u00e1knr\u00e6num merkingum og l\u00famskum v\u00edsunum og sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um sem krefjast mj\u00f6g n\u00e1ins lesturs og einbeitningar. \u00dea\u00f0 trufla\u00f0i mig svo sem ekkert, en \u00e9g velti fyrir m\u00e9r hvort sl\u00edk \u00fatg\u00e1fa s\u00e9 meira fyrir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn en almenna lesendur sem myndu kannski frekar vilja geta lesi\u00f0 s\u00f6guna \u00e1 hef\u00f0bundin h\u00e1tt? Spyr s\u00e1 sem ekki veit.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingin sj\u00e1lf er svo til fyrirmyndar eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g f\u00e6 best s\u00e9\u00f0. \u00c9g f\u00f3r \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00ed neinn n\u00e1kv\u00e6man samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llu verkinu, l\u00e9t valda kafla duga. Eins og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0andinn r\u00e6\u00f0ir \u00ed eftirm\u00e1lanum, \u00fe\u00e1 eru \u00fdmis vandam\u00e1l sem sta\u00f0i\u00f0 er frammi fyrir og mikilv\u00e6gar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0andi \u00fearf a\u00f0 taka \u00feegar svo gamall texti er \u00fe\u00fdddur. En m\u00e9r fannst n\u00e1lgunin heppnast mj\u00f6g vel. R\u00fanar Helgi n\u00e6r a\u00f0 yfirf\u00e6ra st\u00edl og m\u00e1l Melville, s\u00e9rstaklega einstakan h\u00famorinn, \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u00e1 fr\u00e1b\u00e6ran h\u00e1tt. Fyrirfram hef\u00f0i \u00e9g tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti aldrei veri\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en \u00fatv\u00f6tnun, bj\u00f6gun e\u00f0a jafnvel afskr\u00e6ming \u00e1 snilld frumtextans. F\u00e1ir eru amer\u00edskari en Melville. Kannski svipa\u00f0 og a\u00f0 lesa Halld\u00f3r Laxness \u00e1 ensku. E\u00f0a Goethe \u00e1 einhverju \u00f6\u00f0ru tungum\u00e1li en \u00fe\u00fdsku. \u00dev\u00ed hef \u00e9g ekki lagt \u00ed\u00a0Moby-Dick<\/i>\u00a0\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0inguna, en \u00fea\u00f0 er verk sem \u00e9g get hreinlega ekki \u00edmynda\u00f0 m\u00e9r hvernig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a (\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin er eflaust mj\u00f6g vel og vandvirknislega unnin, er ekki a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a neitt um g\u00e6\u00f0i hennar \u00fear sem \u00e9g hef ekki hugmynd um \u00feau). En \u00feessi \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing kom m\u00e9r allavega mj\u00f6g skemmtilega \u00e1 \u00f3vart.\u00a0Bartleby the Scrivener\u00a0<\/i>er \u00fe\u00f3 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 mun einfaldari verk. En \u00e9g v\u00e6ri spenntur a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 R\u00fanar Helga taka\u00a0Billy Budd<\/i>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0The Confidence-Man: The Masquerade<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Annars er \u00fea\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 alltaf fagna\u00f0arefni \u00feegar klass\u00edsk verk heimsb\u00f3kmenntanna eru \u00fe\u00fddd. \u00de\u00e1 einna helst au\u00f0vita\u00f0 fr\u00e6gu st\u00f3rvirkin. En \u00fea\u00f0 er einnig mikil \u00e1n\u00e6gja f\u00f3lgin \u00ed a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 minna \u00feekkt verk eftir st\u00e6rstu h\u00f6fundana vera \u00fe\u00fddd sem lei\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00e1 vonandi til aukins \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00feeim. \u00cd tilfelli Melville er allavega til mj\u00f6g margt a\u00f0 uppg\u00f6tva.<\/p>\n

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20.6.2017 | 19:14<\/p>\n

Herman Melville: \u00c9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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\"IMG_4079\"<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00f3kin Bartleby skrifari eftir Herman Melville l\u00e6tur ekki miki\u00f0 fyrir s\u00e9r fara. \u00dea\u00f0 var ein \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e9g valdi hana \u00feegar \u00e9g rakst \u00e1 hana \u00ed Hlj\u00f3\u00f0b\u00f3kasafninu. Ein \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an var a\u00f0 h\u00fan er lesin af Gu\u00f0mundi S. Brynj\u00f3lfssyni. Allt sem hann les lifnar vi\u00f0. H\u00fan tekur 2 t\u00edma og 40 m\u00edn\u00fatur \u00ed afspilun. B\u00f3kin kom \u00fat 1853 og ekki spillti a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er eftir heimsfr\u00e6gan rith\u00f6fund. Flest f\u00f3lk kannast vi\u00f0 s\u00f6guna um Moby Dick, ef ekki sem b\u00f3k, \u00fe\u00e1 sem kvikmynd. \u00c9g sem er skammarlega illa a\u00f0 m\u00e9r um bandar\u00edskar b\u00f3kmenntir haf\u00f0i ekki kveikt \u00e1 nafninu.<\/p>\n

\u00cd s\u00f6gunni segir af samskiptum l\u00f6gmanns \u00e1 l\u00f6gmannsskrifstofu \u00ed Wall Sreet vi\u00f0 skrifara sinn. \u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma, fyrir daga ritv\u00e9la og t\u00f6lva, voru ritarar afar mikilv\u00e6gir. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00f6gma\u00f0urinn sem er s\u00f6guma\u00f0ur og hann gefur s\u00e9r g\u00f3\u00f0an t\u00edma til a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r a\u00f0 efninu. Hann l\u00fdsir l\u00edfinu \u00e1 l\u00f6gmannsskrifstofunni og segir fr\u00e1 hinum riturunum. N\u00fa hafa umsvif aukist svo a\u00f0 hann \u00fearf a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 ritara. Hann velur hann sj\u00e1lfur og \u00ed fyrstu gengur allt vel. Ritarinn kann vel til verka. Svo fer a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ritarinn gerir ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sem honum er fali\u00f0 og svarar fyrirm\u00e6lum me\u00f0 \"\u00c9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur.\" \u00c1 endanum gerir hann alls ekki neitt og l\u00f6gma\u00f0urinn kemst a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann b\u00fdr \u00e1 skrifstofunni. L\u00f6gma\u00f0urinn sem l\u00fdsir sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r sem g\u00f3\u00f0um og vel meinandi. Hann veit a\u00f0 ef hann segir honum upp, endar hann \u00e1 g\u00f6tunni. Hann b\u00fd\u00f0ur honum \u00fdmsa \u00e1litlega kosti, en f\u00e6r st\u00f6\u00f0ugt sama svari\u00f0,\"\u00c9g k\u00fds \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur.\"<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 lokum tekur hann \u00fe\u00f3 r\u00f6gg \u00e1 sig og l\u00e6tur hann fara, mest fyrir ytri \u00fer\u00fdsting. \u00c9g \u00e6tla ekki a\u00f0 rekja \u00feessa s\u00f6gu lengra en kjarni hennar eru innri \u00e1t\u00f6k l\u00f6gmannsins, \u00feegar hann \u00fearf a\u00f0 horfast \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 vanm\u00e1tt sinn.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi b\u00f3k skilur mann eftir me\u00f0 \u00f3tal spurningar. Lesandinn ver\u00f0ur engu n\u00e6r um hvers konar ma\u00f0ur Bartleby er e\u00f0a hva\u00f0 l\u00f6gma\u00f0urinn hef\u00f0i geta\u00f0 gert \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0unni. \u00dea\u00f0 styrkir mig \u00ed afst\u00f6\u00f0u minni um a\u00f0 b\u00e6kur eru til a\u00f0 kveikja spurningar en ekki til a\u00f0 svara \u00feeim. \u00deessi b\u00f3k er hrein perla. Og \u00fea\u00f0 sem merkilegt er, er a\u00f0 h\u00fan g\u00e6ti alveg eins \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 daginn \u00ed dag. \u00dea\u00f0 er enn jafn erfitt a\u00f0 hafa f\u00e1t\u00e6ktina inn \u00e1 s\u00e9r og horfa upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 geta engu breytt. E\u00f0a er \u00fea\u00f0 svo? \u00dearf ma\u00f0ur e.t.v. a\u00f0 breyta einhverju hj\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r?<\/p>\n

Er \u00fea\u00f0 tilviljun a\u00f0 s\u00f6gunni er fundinn sta\u00f0ur \u00ed Wall Street, \u00fear sem peningahjarta kap\u00edtalismans sl\u00e6r? Nei, \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki tilviljun, allt \u00ed \u00feessari b\u00f3k er \u00ferauthugsa\u00f0. \u00deetta er b\u00f3k sem ma\u00f0ur getur lesi\u00f0 aftur og aftur, ekki vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur hafi gleymt, heldur vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur finnur st\u00f6\u00f0ugt eitthva\u00f0 n\u00fdtt. Ef ekki \u00ed b\u00f3kinni, \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed s\u00ednum eigin vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3kin er \u00fe\u00fddd af R\u00fanari Helga Vignissyni og \u00f3\u00fearft a\u00f0 taka \u00fea\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fear er vanda\u00f0 til verka. Auk \u00feess skrifar R\u00fanar Helgi eftirm\u00e1la um \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0inguna, \u00e1bendingar til lesanda og stingur upp \u00e1 rilistarverkefnum fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem vilja spreyta sig \u00e1 \u00feeim vettvangi. \u00deetta er b\u00f3k sem lifir, af \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan f\u00e6r mann til a\u00f0 leita svara vi\u00f0 spurningum, sem aldrei ver\u00f0ur svara\u00f0 til fulls.<\/p>\n

Berg\u00fe\u00f3ra G\u00edslad\u00f3ttir<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Sj\u00e1 einnig umfj\u00f6llun Eir\u00edks Gu\u00f0mundssonar \u00e1 vef R\u00daV<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Frumspekileg tragik\u00f3med\u00eda, tr\u00faarleg samf\u00e9lagsgagnr\u00fdni og abs\u00fardismi (bara svo eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9 nefnt)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n