\u00cd kosningum til stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings ver\u00f0ur nota\u00f0 kosningakerfi sem aldrei hefur veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1\u00f0ur. Kerfi\u00f0 er fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 og \u00fdmislegt rangt og \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6mt hefur veri\u00f0 sagt um \u00fea\u00f0. H\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 \u00fdtarlega um kerfi\u00f0 en \u00ed \u00f6rstuttu m\u00e1li eru skilabo\u00f0in sem mikilv\u00e6gast er a\u00f0 komist til kj\u00f3senda eftirfarandi: R\u00f6\u00f0 frambjo\u00f0enda skiptir \u00f6llu m\u00e1li. Ra\u00f0a\u00f0u \u00feeim 25 sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt helst a\u00f0 komist \u00e1 \u00feingi\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 s\u00e1 sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt allra helst a\u00f0 komist inn s\u00e9 efst, n\u00famer tv\u00f6 s\u00e9 s\u00e1 sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt n\u00e6st helst a\u00f0 komist inn og svo framvegis. Ekki h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a fyrr en \u00fe\u00fa hefur ekki orku \u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a fleirum.<\/p>\n
H\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an mun \u00e9g kafa d\u00fdpra og leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00fat eftirfarandi atri\u00f0i:<\/p>\n
1. Hvers vegna stu\u00f0lar einfalt kosningakerfi ekki a\u00f0 j\u00f6fnu v\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feinginu?<\/p>\n
2. Hver er hugsunin \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 kosningakerfi\u00f0 sem ver\u00f0ur nota\u00f0 sem stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 jafnara v\u00e6gi atkv\u00e6\u00f0a og hvernig er framkv\u00e6mdin \u00e1 kerfinu n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega?<\/p>\n
3. Hver ver\u00f0ur ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a kosninganna?<\/p>\n
4. Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00e1 betri \u00e1rangri me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hunsa skilabo\u00f0in h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan?<\/p>\n
1. Kannski er einfaldasta kosningakerfi\u00f0 sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 hugsa s\u00e9r fyrir stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingi\u00f0 eftirfarandi: Merktu X vi\u00f0 alla \u00fe\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt kj\u00f3sa. \u00cd talningunni er \u00f6ll X fyrir hvern frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda tekin saman. \u00deau 25 sem f\u00e1 flest X eru kosin.<\/p>\n
Fyrsta vandam\u00e1li\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feetta kerfi er a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem liggja yfir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endab\u00e6klingnum og velja s\u00e9r marga frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur f\u00e1 meira v\u00e6gi vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru l\u00edklegir til a\u00f0 setja fleiri X. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 komast fyrir \u00feetta me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um, til d\u00e6mis me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skikka alla kj\u00f3sendur til a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa sama fj\u00f6lda af n\u00f6fnum.<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00e1 sitja hins vegar eftir tv\u00f6 st\u00f3r vandam\u00e1l. Fyrra vandam\u00e1li\u00f0 kemur til af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu kerfi \u00fe\u00e1 dreifast atkv\u00e6\u00f0i mj\u00f6g misjafnt \u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 lei\u00f0a l\u00edkum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00fa sem f\u00e6r flest atkv\u00e6\u00f0i geti fengi\u00f0 meira en t\u00edu sinnum fleiri atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en s\u00e1 sem lendir \u00ed 25. s\u00e6ti. Samt komast b\u00e6\u00f0i inn \u00e1 \u00feingi\u00f0 og hafa jafna vigt \u00fear. Hitt vandam\u00e1li\u00f0 er a\u00f0 l\u00edklegt m\u00e1 teljast a\u00f0 helmingur atkv\u00e6\u00f0a fari til \u00feeirra t\u00e6plega 500 frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda sem komast ekki a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feinginu.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi tv\u00f6 atri\u00f0i geta leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur heg\u00f0i s\u00e9r skringilega \u00ed kj\u00f6rklefanum. T\u00f6kum d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta. D\u00e6mi um fyrra atri\u00f0i\u00f0 er Kjartan Konr\u00e1\u00f0sson sem vill kj\u00f3sa \u00d6nnu Arad\u00f3ttur af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 honum l\u00edst best \u00e1 hana. Hann hefur heyrt marga tala um hversu framb\u00e6rileg h\u00fan s\u00e9, miklu fleiri en hann hefur heyrt m\u00e6ra a\u00f0ra frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur. Hann grunar a\u00f0 Anna s\u00e9 s\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi sem muni f\u00e1 flest atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed kosningunum, kannski t\u00edfalt fleiri atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en h\u00fan \u00fearf. V\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1 ekki betra, hugsar Karl me\u00f0 s\u00e9r, a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa einhvern annan sem er \u00ed \u00feeirri st\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 vera \u00ed bar\u00e1ttu um a\u00f0 komast inn frekar en \u00d6nnu sem er n\u00e6sta \u00f6rugg inn. \u00deetta er greinilega hugsanagangur sem er h\u00e6ttulegur \u00d6nnu \u00fev\u00ed ef allir kj\u00f3sendur hennar f\u00e6ru a\u00f0 hugsa \u00feessa r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tu hugsun \u00fe\u00e1 kemst h\u00fan alls ekki a\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i n\u00e1tt\u00farlega ekki ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an sem Kjartan vildi.<\/p>\n
D\u00e6mi um seinna atri\u00f0i\u00f0 er Laufey Leifsd\u00f3ttir sem lag\u00f0ist \u00fdtarlega yfir kosningab\u00e6klinginn og rakst \u00fear \u00e1 \u00d6rn \u00d6rlygsson sem er me\u00f0 m\u00f6rg skynsamleg stefnum\u00e1l. \u00d6rn er s\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi sem Laufey vill helst a\u00f0 komist a\u00f0. Hins vegar hefur h\u00fan aldrei heyrt neinn tala um \u00d6rn af fyrra brag\u00f0i og h\u00fan skynjar a\u00f0 flestir eru h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r b\u00e6klinginn. \u00deess vegna grunar hana a\u00f0 \u00d6rn geti veri\u00f0 talsvert fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0. H\u00fan hugsar \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 s\u00f3un \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa \u00d6rn, sem kemst hvort sem er ekki a\u00f0, heldur s\u00e9 betra fyrir hana a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa einhvern sem s\u00e9 \u00ed bar\u00e1ttunni um a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0. Ef margir tilvonandi kj\u00f3sendur Arnar hugsa svona \u00fe\u00e1 b\u00edtur \u00feessi sp\u00e1 \u00ed skotti\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00e9r. \u00dea\u00f0 a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sendur tr\u00faa ekki a\u00f0 \u00d6rn komist a\u00f0 hefur \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 hann kemst ekki a\u00f0!<\/p>\n
2. \u00cd stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingskosningunum ver\u00f0ur nota\u00f0 kerfi sem nefnist Eitt f\u00e6ranlegt atkv\u00e6\u00f0i, \u00e1 ensku Single Transferable vote e\u00f0a STV. F\u00e6ranlega atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 er tilraun til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 \u00feessum tveimur g\u00f6llum sem l\u00fdst er \u00ed li\u00f0 eitt. Til \u00feess fer talningin fram \u00ed umfer\u00f0um. Allra fyrst er reiknu\u00f0 tala sem nefnist s\u00e6tishlutur. H\u00fan er einum st\u00e6rri en 1\/26 af fj\u00f6lda greiddra atkv\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00ed mesta lagi 25 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur geta haft atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda sem n\u00e6r s\u00e6tishlutnum sem fyrsta val. \u00dea\u00f0 mun tryggja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 geta ekki fleiri en 25 n\u00e1\u00f0 kj\u00f6ri me\u00f0 \u00feessari a\u00f0fer\u00f0. Grunnreglan er s\u00fa a\u00f0 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi sem hefur \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 sig atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda sem n\u00e6r uppfyrir s\u00e6tishlutinn n\u00e6r kj\u00f6ri.<\/p>\n
Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir fer talningin fram \u00ed umfer\u00f0um. \u00cd fyrstu umfer\u00f0 tilheyrir hvert atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeim frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda sem nefndur er sem fyrsta val. En \u00ed seinni umfer\u00f0um getur atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00e6rst milli frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda eftir \u00e1kve\u00f0num reglum. \u00deessar reglur eru tv\u00e6r, \u00f6nnur \u00feeirra dregur \u00far angist Kjartans og hin dregur \u00far angist Laufeyjar. \u00dea\u00f0 sem hj\u00e1lpar Kjartani er a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00ed lj\u00f3s kemur a\u00f0 Anna er me\u00f0 t\u00edu sinnum fleiri atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en h\u00fan \u00fearf til a\u00f0 komast inn \u00fe\u00e1 eru atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hennar ekki bara l\u00f6g\u00f0 til hli\u00f0ar heldur f\u00e6rast \u00feau til annarra frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt. Anna \u00feurfti \u00ed raun bara t\u00edunda hluta af atkv\u00e6\u00f0um s\u00ednum til a\u00f0 komast a\u00f0. \u00deannig m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 90% atkv\u00e6\u00f0a hennar s\u00e9u \u00f3n\u00fdtt. \u00de\u00e1 er liti\u00f0 \u00e1 nafni\u00f0 fyrir ne\u00f0an \u00d6nnu \u00e1 hverjum atkv\u00e6\u00f0ase\u00f0li og s\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi f\u00e6r atkv\u00e6\u00f0i, ekki heilt atkv\u00e6\u00f0i heldur 90% af heilu atkv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deannig fer\u00f0ast atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur hvern kj\u00f6rse\u00f0il. \u00deegar \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fdtist einhverjum frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda \u00fe\u00e1 minnkar gildi \u00feess fyrir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endurna fyrir ne\u00f0an hann \u00e1 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0linum.<\/p>\n
Hva\u00f0 um Laufeyju sem vildi sty\u00f0ja \u00d6rn en telur ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 hann komist a\u00f0. F\u00e6ranlega atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 tryggir a\u00f0 h\u00fan getur \u00f3hika\u00f0 stutt \u00d6rn \u00fev\u00ed ef frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi kemst ekki a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 gagnast atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 100% \u00feeim sem er \u00ed s\u00e6tinu fyrir ne\u00f0an hann. Ef \u00d6rn er s\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi sem hefur f\u00e6st atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 sig \u00fe\u00e1 er honum hent \u00fat og \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00e6rist atkv\u00e6\u00f0i Laufeyjar yfir \u00e1 \u00feann frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda sem er n\u00e6st fyrir ne\u00f0an \u00d6rn \u00e1 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0li hennar. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki dreginn neinn afsl\u00e1ttur af atkv\u00e6\u00f0i Laufeyjar vi\u00f0 \u00feetta vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00fdttist Erni alls ekki, hann komst j\u00fa ekki a\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00cd hverri umfer\u00f0 er annarri hvorri \u00feessara reglna beitt. \u00dea\u00f0 er fyrst athuga\u00f0 hvort einhver frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi s\u00e9 me\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 sig sem fer uppfyrir s\u00e6tishlutinn. Ef svo er \u00fe\u00e1 kemst hann inn og atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hans f\u00e6rast eins og l\u00fdst er \u00ed tilfelli \u00d6nnu. Ef svo er ekki, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00feeim frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda sem er me\u00f0 f\u00e6st atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hent \u00fat og hann kemur ekki lengur til greina vi\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0atalninguna. Atkv\u00e6\u00f0i sem tilheyr\u00f0u honum eru svo f\u00e6r\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt reglunni sem l\u00fdst er \u00ed tilfelli Arnar.<\/p>\n
3. \u00cd s\u00ed\u00f0asta punkti var rakin grunnhugmyndin \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 f\u00e6ranlega atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00c1 hitt ber a\u00f0 l\u00edta a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingskosningarnar eru einstakar \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 aldrei hafa svo margir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur veri\u00f0 \u00ed bo\u00f0i \u00ed kosningum sem nota \u00feetta kerfi og \u00fea\u00f0 hefur heldur aldrei veri\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 svona m\u00f6rgum s\u00e6tum. N\u00fa skulum vi\u00f0 \u00e1lykta hvernig kosningarnar fara mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feennan mikla fj\u00f6lda frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda og s\u00e6ta.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 fyrsta sem gerist \u00ed talningunni er a\u00f0 s\u00e6tishluturinn er reikna\u00f0ur. Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir er \u00fea\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0atala sem \u00ed mesta lagi 25 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur geta n\u00e1\u00f0. Um lei\u00f0 og einhver frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi n\u00e6r \u00feessari t\u00f6lu \u00fe\u00e1 telst hann kj\u00f6rinn. Vi\u00f0 skulum gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00e6tishluturinn ver\u00f0i 7.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i. S\u00fa \u00e1giskun er ekki fjarri lagi. \u00cd fyrstu umfer\u00f0 talningarinnar er einungis liti\u00f0 \u00e1 fyrsta val kj\u00f3senda. Ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega hvernig fyrsta vali\u00f0 dreifist \u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur en \u00fe\u00f3 er \u00f6ruggt a\u00f0 margfaldur munur ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda \u00feess sem f\u00e6r flest og \u00feess sem f\u00e6r f\u00e6st atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fyrsta val. Einfalt l\u00edkan kennt vi\u00f0 Zipf sem oft reynist r\u00e9tt var\u00f0andi svona fj\u00f6ldat\u00f6lur er a\u00f0 s\u00e1 sem er \u00ed 10. s\u00e6ti f\u00e1i einn t\u00edunda atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess sem er \u00ed fyrsta s\u00e6ti og s\u00e1 sem er \u00ed 100. s\u00e6ti f\u00e1i einn hundra\u00f0asta atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess sem er \u00ed fyrsta s\u00e6ti og svo framvegis. Hins vegar vir\u00f0ist f\u00e1tt benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 einn e\u00f0a tveir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur muni algerlega skara fram \u00far \u00ed atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda og \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0laga\u00f0i \u00e9g l\u00edkani\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. \u00c9g vil giska \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00fa sem f\u00e6r flest atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fyrsta val f\u00e1i um 10.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en s\u00e1 sem f\u00e1i f\u00e6st \u00ed fyrsta val f\u00e1i um 60. H\u00e9r er n\u00e6stum tv\u00f6hundru\u00f0faldur munur.<\/p>\n
\u00cd fyrstu umfer\u00f0 talningarinnar fl\u00fdgur \u00feessi me\u00f0 10.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i inn og \u00ed fyrstu fj\u00f3rum til fimm umfer\u00f0unum fara inn \u00feau fj\u00f6gur til fimm sem f\u00e1 umfram 7.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fyrsta val. Vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um a\u00f0 enginn af \u00feeim skilur eftir miki\u00f0 af umframatkv\u00e6\u00f0um, \u00fea\u00f0 er enginn frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0u sem er neitt \u00ed l\u00edkingu vi\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00d6nnu \u00ed d\u00e6minu \u00ed li\u00f0 tv\u00f6. Anna f\u00e9kk t\u00edu sinnum fleiri atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en h\u00fan\u00a0 \u00feurfti en s\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi sem er me\u00f0 mest af umframatkv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingskosningunum g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 40% meira en hann \u00fearf. Hin \u00ferj\u00fa til fj\u00f6gur sem komast inn strax \u00e1 eftir fyrsta manni munu hafa enn minna af umframatkv\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00e1 tekur vi\u00f0 annar fasi talningarinnar sem hefst \u00feegar enginn frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi er me\u00f0 n\u00f3gu m\u00f6rg atkv\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 komast upp fyrir s\u00e6tishlutinn, 7.000. \u00de\u00e1 taka vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldamargar umfer\u00f0ir \u00fear sem \u00feeim sem eru me\u00f0 f\u00e6st atkv\u00e6\u00f0i er hent \u00fat. \u00cd hvert skipti sem frambj\u00f3a\u00f0anda er hent \u00fat er liti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0la sem hann hefur atkv\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00edn af og atkv\u00e6\u00f0i hvers kj\u00f6rse\u00f0ils er sett \u00e1 n\u00e6sta nafn fyrir ne\u00f0an \u00e1 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0linum. En \u00fea\u00f0 sem skiptir miklu m\u00e1li \u00ed framhaldinu er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er horft framhj\u00e1 \u00feeim n\u00f6fnum sem ekki eru lengur me\u00f0 \u00ed talningunni, anna\u00f0hvort af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur eru \u00feegar komnir inn e\u00f0a af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru dottnir \u00fat. Einst\u00f6ku sinnum gerist \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessum umfer\u00f0um a\u00f0 frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi kemst uppfyrir s\u00e6tishlutinn og fer inn \u00e1 \u00feingi\u00f0. En \u00fe\u00e1 skilur hann eftir sig mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 umframatkv\u00e6\u00f0i vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eru svo f\u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i sem er endur\u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00ed hverri umfer\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 margir kj\u00f3sendur munu ekki hafa orku \u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a mj\u00f6g m\u00f6rgum frambj\u00f3\u00f0endum \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur talsver\u00f0ur hluti af atkv\u00e6\u00f0um sem sem fellur ni\u00f0ur \u00f3n\u00fdttur vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau nefna einungis frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem eru nokku\u00f0 langt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 komast inn. \u00deess vegna ver\u00f0a varla nema um 15 frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem n\u00e1 s\u00e6tishlutnum 7.000 yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0. Til \u00feess a\u00f0 fylla s\u00ed\u00f0ustu t\u00edu s\u00e6tin \u00e1 \u00feinginu ver\u00f0ur \u00feeim \u00fathluta\u00f0 til \u00feeirra t\u00edu sem sitja eftir \u00ed lok talningarinnar. \u00deetta eru \u00feeir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem s\u00ed\u00f0ast ver\u00f0a fyrir bar\u00f0inu \u00e1 reglunni a\u00f0 hafa f\u00e6st atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 sig. \u00de\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed segja a\u00f0 \u00feessir t\u00edu s\u00e9u n\u00e6st \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feessum 7.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0um sem \u00fearf.<\/p>\n
Ef vi\u00f0 sko\u00f0um betur \u00f6rl\u00f6g atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed \u00feessu kerfi \u00fe\u00e1 sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g l\u00edti\u00f0 um a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fdtist fleiri en einum sem kemst inn, \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja ef atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feitt lendir einhvern t\u00edmann \u00ed bunka hj\u00e1 frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda sem er um \u00fea\u00f0 bil a\u00f0 komast inn \u00fe\u00e1 situr \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fear \u00feanga\u00f0 til frambj\u00f3\u00f0andinn kemst inn. En \u00feegar \u00feessi frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi kemst inn \u00fe\u00e1 skilur hann eftir sig mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 umframatkv\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00feess vegna fer n\u00e1nast ekkert af atkv\u00e6\u00f0inu yfir \u00e1 \u00feau n\u00f6fn sem koma fyrir ne\u00f0an hann.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00f3 alls ekki a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 fleiri en nokkur efstu n\u00f6fnin \u00e1 hverjum kj\u00f6rse\u00f0li komi vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu. Kj\u00f3sendur sem kynna s\u00e9r marga frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur \u00fdtarlega eru l\u00edklegir til a\u00f0 velja \u00fe\u00f3nokku\u00f0 m\u00f6rg n\u00f6fn sem munu ekki n\u00e1 inn og \u00fea\u00f0 ska\u00f0ar aldrei atkv\u00e6\u00f0ase\u00f0il a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 honum n\u00f6fn sem komast ekki inn vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 ef frambj\u00f3\u00f0andi kemst ekki inn \u00fe\u00e1 fer atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 heilt yfir \u00e1 n\u00e6sta nafn \u00e1 kj\u00f6rse\u00f0linum. \u00deetta sty\u00f0ur \u00feann bo\u00f0skap a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 borgar sig a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a eins m\u00f6rgum og hver og einn hefur orku til.<\/p>\n
4. \u00de\u00e1 er komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0asta umfj\u00f6llunarefninu sem er \u00fea\u00f0 hvort h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 sn\u00faa \u00e1 kerfi\u00f0. Hugsum okkur tvo kj\u00f3sendur El\u00ednu og Finn. El\u00edn sty\u00f0ur R\u00f6gnu og svo Sigur\u00f0 en Finnur R\u00f6gnu og svo Tinnu. Ragna, Sigur\u00f0ur og Tinna hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni og eiga talsvert g\u00f3\u00f0a m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 a\u00f0 komast inn. En \u00fear fyrir utan er Unnsteinn, fr\u00e6ndi El\u00ednar, \u00ed frambo\u00f0i. Unnsteinn hefur ekki veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni en El\u00edn \u00feekkir sko\u00f0anir hans mj\u00f6g vel og h\u00fan sty\u00f0ur hann allra helst. Semsagt, El\u00edn ra\u00f0ar svona: 1. Unnsteinn, 2. Ragna, 3. Sigur\u00f0ur en Finnur ra\u00f0ar svona: 1. Ragna, 2. Tinna.<\/p>\n
N\u00fa fara kosningarnar \u00feannig a\u00f0 Unnsteinn lendir \u00ed 200. s\u00e6ti, Ragna \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1ttunda en Sigur\u00f0ur og Tinna eru a\u00f0 berjast um 25. s\u00e6ti\u00f0. Atkv\u00e6\u00f0i Finns n\u00fdtist ekki mj\u00f6g vel. R\u00f6gnu vantar d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 7.000 atkv\u00e6\u00f0um sem fyrsta val en \u00feegar b\u00fai\u00f0 er a\u00f0 henda \u00fat 100 ne\u00f0stu frambj\u00f3\u00f0endunum og l\u00edta \u00e1 n\u00e6stu v\u00f6l \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0ase\u00f0lum \u00feeirra \u00fe\u00e1 n\u00e6r h\u00fan inn me\u00f0 7.005 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00de\u00e1 er liti\u00f0 \u00e1 anna\u00f0 val hj\u00e1 Finni sem er Tinna en h\u00fan f\u00e6r ekki nema brotabrot af atkv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fdttist n\u00e1nast a\u00f0 fullu hj\u00e1 R\u00f6gnu.<\/p>\n
Hins vegar er atkv\u00e6\u00f0i El\u00ednar \u00ed allt annarri st\u00f6\u00f0u. \u00deegar Ragna kemst inn \u00fe\u00e1 tilheyrir atkv\u00e6\u00f0i El\u00ednar enn\u00fe\u00e1 Unnsteini. Hann dettur svo \u00fat talsvert s\u00ed\u00f0ar og \u00fe\u00e1 er liti\u00f0 \u00e1 n\u00e6sta val hj\u00e1 El\u00ednu sem er Ragna en af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er komin inn \u00fe\u00e1 fer \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 fullu yfir \u00e1 Sigur\u00f0. \u00deannig t\u00f3kst El\u00ednu a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a Sigur\u00f0i heilt atkv\u00e6\u00f0i en Finnur styrkti Tinnu n\u00e1nast ekki neitt \u00feegar upp er sta\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00deessi munur lei\u00f0ir svo a\u00f0 lokum til \u00feess a\u00f0 Sigur\u00f0ur kemst inn en Tinna ekki.<\/p>\n
Ef Unnsteinn hef\u00f0i dotti\u00f0 \u00fat fyrr, \u00e1\u00f0ur en Ragna komst inn \u00fe\u00e1 hef\u00f0i atkv\u00e6\u00f0i El\u00ednar fari\u00f0 heilt \u00e1 R\u00f6gnu og n\u00e1nast ekkert n\u00fdst Sigur\u00f0i en \u00fea\u00f0 er greinilegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki verra fyrir El\u00ednu a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja Unnstein og g\u00e6ti hafa veri\u00f0 mun betra.<\/p>\n
Ef Finnur veit af \u00feessum m\u00f6guleika, er \u00fe\u00e1 ekki e\u00f0lilegt fyrir hann a\u00f0 hugsa sem svo, hvernig get \u00e9g komi\u00f0 m\u00e9r \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0u El\u00ednar, a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i mitt n\u00fdtist R\u00f6gnu ef h\u00fan \u00fearf \u00fea\u00f0 en ef h\u00fan \u00fearf \u00fea\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 fari \u00fea\u00f0\u00a0 \u00f3skert yfir \u00e1 Tinnu? Ein lei\u00f0 sem g\u00e6ti duga\u00f0 til \u00feess er fyrir Finn a\u00f0 breyta listanum s\u00ednum. Hann g\u00e6ti sett kunningja sinn, hann Vigni, efst. Finnur er svo sem ekkert andsn\u00fainn Vigni en honum finnst minna til hans koma en R\u00f6gnu og Tinnu. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur ra\u00f0ar hann 1. Vignir, 2. Ragna, 3. Tinna. Ef Vignir lendir \u00ed s\u00e6ti kringum 200 \u00fe\u00e1 gegnir hann sama hlutverki fyrir Finn og Unnsteinn ger\u00f0i fyrir El\u00ednu, hann gerir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 er ekki tali\u00f0 til R\u00f6gnu fyrr en eftir a\u00f0 h\u00fan er komin inn og lendir \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3skert \u00e1 Tinnu.<\/p>\n
Af \u00feessu m\u00e1 draga \u00feann bo\u00f0skap a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 borgar sig alls ekki a\u00f0 sni\u00f0ganga frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem \u00fe\u00e9r l\u00edst vel \u00e1 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir muni f\u00e1 l\u00edti\u00f0 af atkv\u00e6\u00f0um. \u00dea\u00f0 gerir atkv\u00e6\u00f0ase\u00f0ilinn \u00feinn ekki verri a\u00f0 hafa frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur sem detta \u00fat efst \u00e1 honum, \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti jafnvel gert \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00fdtist betur \u00feeim sem eru \u00ed bar\u00e1ttunni um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu s\u00e6tin \u00e1 \u00feinginu. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 jafnvel ganga lengra \u00ed yfirl\u00fdsingum, \u00fea\u00f0 eru miklar l\u00edkur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa getir b\u00e6tt n\u00fdtinguna \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00ednu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a \u00f3l\u00edklegum frambj\u00f3\u00f0endum \u00ed efstu s\u00e6tin. \u00de\u00e1 mun atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feitt duga betur \u00feeim frambj\u00f3\u00f0endum sem \u00fe\u00fa nefnir og eru \u00ed bar\u00e1ttunni um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu s\u00e6tin \u00e1 \u00feinginu. Hins vegar ver\u00f0ur hafa \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed huga a\u00f0 h\u00e9r erum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum nokku\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0a hugmynd um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig a\u00f0rir muni kj\u00f3sa. Ef virkilega margir fara a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt \u00fe\u00e1 g\u00e6tu einhverjir af \u00feessum frambj\u00f3\u00f0endum sem vi\u00f0 t\u00f6ldum veikari fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 blanda s\u00e9r \u00ed bar\u00e1ttuna. \u00dear me\u00f0 g\u00e6ti gamani\u00f0 fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 k\u00e1rna. Fyrir R\u00f6gnu er l\u00edka \u00e1hyggjuefni ef mj\u00f6g margir kj\u00f3sendur hennar heg\u00f0a s\u00e9r eins og El\u00edn. \u00de\u00e1 g\u00e6ti Ragna seti\u00f0 eftir me\u00f0 mj\u00f6g f\u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fyrsta val en fj\u00f6ldann allan af atkv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00fear sem h\u00fan er anna\u00f0 val. \u00dea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 Ragna dytti snemma \u00fat \u00far talningunni \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 er einungis liti\u00f0 \u00e1 fyrsta val \u00e1 hverjum kj\u00f6rse\u00f0li. Allir frambj\u00f3\u00f0endur \u00e6ttu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hvetja s\u00edna kj\u00f3sendur til a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a s\u00e9r efst en kj\u00f3sandi sem vill sty\u00f0ja fleiri en einn frambj\u00f3\u00f0anda sem g\u00e6ti blanda\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00ed bar\u00e1ttuna g\u00e6ti hugsa\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 ford\u00e6mi Finns ef hann er viss um \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u ekki margir sem viti af \u00feessum m\u00f6guleika.<\/p>\n
Reyndar er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feannig \u00ed \u00f6llum kosningakerfum a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 heppilegra a\u00f0 svegja fr\u00e1 sinni sannf\u00e6ringu til a\u00f0 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00fdtist betur. \u00deetta er nefnt a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa takt\u00edskt. Bestu kerfin eru samt \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er erfitt a\u00f0 vita hvernig best s\u00e9 a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa takt\u00edskt. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilega au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa takt\u00edskt \u00ed stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingskerfinu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota a\u00f0fer\u00f0 Finns h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00e1h\u00e6ttulaust. \u00dea\u00f0 eru til a\u00f0rar \u00fatf\u00e6rslur \u00e1 talningu \u00e1 \u00feessum f\u00e6ranlegu atkv\u00e6\u00f0um sem gera a\u00f0fer\u00f0 Finns gagnslausa en \u00fe\u00e6r eru enn fl\u00f3knari en a\u00f0fer\u00f0in sem ver\u00f0ur notu\u00f0 fyrir stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feingi\u00f0 og ver\u00f0a ekki r\u00e6ddar h\u00e9r.<\/p>\n
Stef\u00e1n Ingi Valdimarsson
\nS\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00e1 St\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0istofu Raunv\u00edsindastofnunar H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands
\nsiv at hi punktur is<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cd kosningum til stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings ver\u00f0ur nota\u00f0 kosningakerfi sem aldrei hefur veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1\u00f0ur. Kerfi\u00f0 er fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 og \u00fdmislegt rangt og \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6mt hefur veri\u00f0 sagt um \u00fea\u00f0. H\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 \u00fdtarlega um kerfi\u00f0 en \u00ed \u00f6rstuttu m\u00e1li eru skilabo\u00f0in sem mikilv\u00e6gast er a\u00f0 komist til kj\u00f3senda eftirfarandi: R\u00f6\u00f0 frambjo\u00f0enda skiptir \u00f6llu m\u00e1li. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":505,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kosningakerfi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/505"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4\/revisions\/10"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/siv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}