{"id":148,"date":"2013-10-28T23:04:03","date_gmt":"2013-10-28T23:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/soljak\/?p=148"},"modified":"2013-10-30T00:52:15","modified_gmt":"2013-10-30T00:52:15","slug":"opid-adgengi-og-menntarannsoknir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/soljak\/2013\/10\/28\/opid-adgengi-og-menntarannsoknir\/","title":{"rendered":"Opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi og menntaranns\u00f3knir"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r koma huglei\u00f0ingar a\u00f0 n\u00fdlokinni viku (21.-27. okt\u00f3ber) sem tileinku\u00f0 er opnu a\u00f0gengi (open access week, sj\u00e1 t.d. M\u00e1l\u00feing 25.10. \u00e1 vegum RANN\u00cdS o.fl. um opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi <\/a>og http:\/\/www.openaccessweek.org)<\/a>. Fyrir t\u00e6pu \u00e1ri s\u00ed\u00f0an sag\u00f0i \u00e9g mig \u00far ritstj\u00f3rn t\u00edmarits sem \u00e9g hef veri\u00f0 \u00ed allm\u00f6rg undanfarin \u00e1r. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00fe\u00e1 komi\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e6sta g\u00e6\u00f0aflokk (A) samkv\u00e6mt ERIH-vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 fyrir birtingu greinar \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed t\u00edmariti hef\u00f0i \u00e9g e\u00f0a a\u00f0rir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands fengi\u00f0 20 stig (sj\u00e1 vinnumatsreglur <\/a>fr\u00e1 2012). \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn var \u00feetta t\u00edmarit ekki \u00ed opnum a\u00f0gangi og \u00e1skrift \u00ed landsa\u00f0gangi a\u00f0 t\u00edmaritinu var ekki lengur virk. \u00c9g hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed aldrei hvatt f\u00f3lk h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi til a\u00f0 birta efni \u00ed t\u00edmaritinu \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00f3a\u00f0gengilegt \u00e1n gjalds og t\u00f6luver\u00f0rar fyrirhafnar fyrir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn, nemendur, kennara e\u00f0a almenning h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g var \u00fe\u00e1 b\u00fain a\u00f0 \u00e6tla m\u00e9r alllengi a\u00f0 segja mig \u00far ritstj\u00f3rninni eftir a\u00f0 \u00e9g haf\u00f0i hlusta\u00f0 \u00e1 erindi S\u00f3lveigar \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttur, deildarstj\u00f3ra Heilbrig\u00f0isv\u00edsindab\u00f3kasafns Landsp\u00edtalans \u00ed \u00e1rslok 2011 sem h\u00fan flutti \u00e1 m\u00e1lstofu RANNUM<\/a>, Ranns\u00f3knarstofu \u00ed uppl\u00fdsingat\u00e6kni og mi\u00f0lun vi\u00f0 Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0. \u00c9g st\u00fdri \u00feeirri stofu en RANNUM er ein af 21 ranns\u00f3knarstofu \u00e1 svi\u00f0inu. A\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 erindinu <\/a>er \u00e1 vef stofunnar fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem hafa \u00e1huga. S\u00f3lveig benti \u00fear me\u00f0al annars \u00e1 Berl\u00ednaryfirl\u00fdsinguna (Berlin Declaration<\/a>) fr\u00e1 2003 um opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 \u00feekkingu \u00ed hug- og raunv\u00edsindum en \u00ed n\u00fdli\u00f0inni viku um opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi voru 451 a\u00f0ilar b\u00fanir a\u00f0 undirrita hana. H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi skrifa\u00f0i V\u00edsindar\u00e1\u00f0 RANN\u00cdS undir sam\u00feykktina \u00ed ma\u00ed 2010. \u00cd yfirl\u00fdsingunni er \u00e1hersla \u00e1 opi\u00f0 og frj\u00e1lst a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 t\u00edmaritsgreinum ekki s\u00edst a\u00f0 greinum sem bygg\u00f0ar eru \u00e1 ranns\u00f3knum styrktum af almannaf\u00e9. En \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 v\u00e6ntanlega vi\u00f0 allar e\u00f0a langflestar ranns\u00f3knir unnar af starfsm\u00f6nnum H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. \u00cd Berl\u00ednaryfirl\u00fdsingunni er tali\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hvetja v\u00edsindamenn til a\u00f0 hafa opi\u00f0 og fr\u00edtt a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu efni og ef m\u00f6gulegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 halda sj\u00e1lfir h\u00f6fundarr\u00e9ttinum en l\u00e1ta hann ekki \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00ed t\u00e9. \u00de\u00e1 \u00e1 a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja hugmyndir um a\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knartengd skrif s\u00e9u metin a\u00f0 eigin ver\u00f0leikum en ekki ver\u00f0leikum t\u00edmaritsins sem birtir efni\u00f0.<\/p>\n

S\u00f3lveig benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00e1fa fr\u00e6\u00f0it\u00edmarita v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 f\u00e6rast \u00e1 s\u00edfellt f\u00e6rri \u00fatg\u00e1fufyrirt\u00e6ki og \u00ed raun v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a milljar\u00f0a-(svika?)myllu \u00fear sem h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar v\u00e6ru rukka\u00f0ir um risah\u00e1ar upph\u00e6\u00f0ir fyrir a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum \u00feeirra t\u00edmarita sem reiknu\u00f0ust me\u00f0 h\u00e1an \u00e1hrifastu\u00f0ul. H\u00e1sk\u00f3larnir, mj\u00f6g margir reknir af opinberu f\u00e9, s\u00e6ju hins vegar um a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagna ranns\u00f3knirnar. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00e6ri hef\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn taki a\u00f0 s\u00e9r ritr\u00fdningu \u00e1n grei\u00f0slu, v\u00e6ntanlega flestir \u00e1 launum hj\u00e1 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lunum. \u00deeir g\u00e6fu h\u00f6fundarr\u00e9ttinn af greinunum til \u00fatg\u00e1fufyrirt\u00e6kjanna sem s\u00ed\u00f0an r\u00f6ku\u00f0u til s\u00edn fj\u00e1rmagni fr\u00e1 stofnunum og einstaklingum sem borgu\u00f0u fyrir a\u00f0ganginn. \u00c9g \"g\u00fagla\u00f0i\" a\u00f0 gamni \"science journals racket in publishing millions of dollars\" og f\u00e9kk \u00fe\u00e1 upp mj\u00f6g \u00e1hugaver\u00f0a grein \u00ed the Guardian <\/a>fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed fyrra. \u00dear er bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur the Guardian alveg g\u00e1tta\u00f0ur yfir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig \u00feetta kerfi geti sta\u00f0ist. Hann t\u00f3k vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 Tim Gowers, pr\u00f3fessor og fr\u00e6gan st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ing vi\u00f0 Cambridge-h\u00e1sk\u00f3la, sem hefur skori\u00f0 upp her\u00f6r gegn \u00fatgefendum eins og Elsevier. \u00c9g hvet f\u00f3lk til a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r greinina en \u00fear kemur t.d. fram a\u00f0 tali\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 bara s\u00fa vinna sem starfsmenn breskra h\u00e1sk\u00f3la leggi \u00ed ritr\u00fdningu til a\u00f0 tryggja g\u00e6\u00f0i t\u00edmarita s\u00e9 \u00e1\u00e6tlu\u00f0 \u00e1 um 165 millj\u00f3nir punda.<\/p>\n

\u00datg\u00e1fufyrirt\u00e6kin f\u00e1 a\u00f0 leika \u00feennan leik \u00e1 me\u00f0an h\u00e1sk\u00f3larnir vi\u00f0halda s\u00ednu matskerfi og spila me\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 hriktir \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed kerfinu eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem krafan um opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi ver\u00f0ur h\u00e1v\u00e6rari og s\u00edfellt au\u00f0veldara er a\u00f0 birta efni\u00f0, m.a. \u00ed t\u00edmaritum sem bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 opinn a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 greinunum <\/a>(gullin lei\u00f0 \u00ed opnum a\u00f0gangi). Sum t\u00edmarit eru \u00fe\u00e1 hins vegar a\u00f0 hluta til \u00e1fram loku\u00f0 en rukka \u00fe\u00e1 sem senda inn greinar, oft um st\u00f3rar fj\u00e1rh\u00e6\u00f0ir vilji \u00feeir hafa a\u00f0gengi opi\u00f0 sem lei\u00f0i til meiri lesturs greinanna. Sl\u00edk gjaldtaka hefur veri\u00f0 umdeild, sj\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis n\u00fdlega bloggf\u00e6rslu. <\/a> \u00deessari gjaldt\u00f6ku hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00edkt vi\u00f0 kr\u00f6fu um lausnargjald fyrir eitthva\u00f0 sem \u00fatgefendur \u00e6ttu ekki a\u00f0 f\u00e1 a\u00f0 sl\u00e1 eign sinni \u00e1. M\u00f6rgum hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 gr\u00e6n lei\u00f0 \u00ed opnum a\u00f0gangi f\u00fdsilegri en samkv\u00e6mt henni \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast nokku\u00f0 endanlegar \u00fatg\u00e1fur af efninu \u00ed gagnagrunnum og \u00fe\u00e1 umsami\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fatgefendur um \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g vil hins vegar benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 miki\u00f0 er til af t\u00edmaritum sem hafa a\u00f0ganginn alveg opinn og rukka ekki fyrir ritr\u00fdningu og birtingu og \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 um NETLU - veft\u00edmarit um uppeldi og menntun <\/a>sem Kennarah\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands (n\u00fa Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands) hefur gefi\u00f0 \u00fat samfellt fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2002. \u00c1 DOAJ-vefnum (Directory of Open Access Journals, http:\/\/www.doaj.or<\/a>g) er a\u00f0 finna skr\u00e1 yfir m\u00f6rg \u00fe\u00fasund t\u00edmarit \u00ed opnu a\u00f0gengi (9.929 journals fr\u00e1 123 l\u00f6ndum me\u00f0 1.521.764 greinum \u00feegar \u00feetta er skrifa\u00f0, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al Netlu) og er langst\u00e6rstur hluti t\u00edmaritanna alveg opinn (\u00e1n birtingargjalds) e\u00f0a 6.569. Vonandi fer \u00e1hrifastu\u00f0ull \u00feeirra \u00f6rt vaxandi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 sem st\u00f3\u00f0um a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 stofna NETLU \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma erum mj\u00f6g stolt af \u00fev\u00ed framtaki enda er \u00feetta eitt fyrsta fr\u00e6\u00f0it\u00edmariti\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi sem a\u00f0gengilegt var \u00e1 netinu og rafr\u00e6n \u00fatg\u00e1fa fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra t\u00edmarita var einnig a\u00f0 st\u00edga s\u00edn fyrstu spor erlendis. Ekki s\u00edst erum vi\u00f0 hreykin af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upphafi var tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um opi\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi. Vi\u00f0 settum \u00e1 oddinn a\u00f0 auka og b\u00e6ta a\u00f0gengi alls sk\u00f3lasamf\u00e9lagsins a\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu efni tengdu uppeldi, menntun og sk\u00f3lastarfi. \u00cd byrjun var \u00feetta frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lastarf nokku\u00f0 umdeilt og vafi talinn leika \u00e1 a\u00f0 g\u00e6\u00f0in g\u00e6tu veri\u00f0 samb\u00e6rileg vi\u00f0 efni sem birt v\u00e6ri \u00e1 hef\u00f0bundinn h\u00e1tt \u00ed prentmi\u00f0lunum. Sagan s\u00fdnir hins vegar a\u00f0 \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum hefur \u00fatg\u00e1fa fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra t\u00edmarita \u00ed heiminum f\u00e6rst n\u00e6r alfari\u00f0 \u00e1 netmi\u00f0ilinn. \u00c9g fullyr\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem taka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r ritr\u00fdningu \u00e1 greinum \u00ed Netlu og \u00f6\u00f0rum t\u00edmaritum \u00ed opnu a\u00f0gengi gera \u00fea\u00f0 ekki me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti en var\u00f0andi \u00fe\u00e6r greinar sem \u00feeir eru be\u00f0nir um a\u00f0 ritr\u00fdna \u00ed erlendum t\u00edmaritum \u00ed loku\u00f0u e\u00f0a h\u00e1lfopnu a\u00f0gengi sem f\u00e1 \u00ed m\u00f6rgum tilvikum a\u00f0ra g\u00e6\u00f0aflokkun. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 minnsta kosti vi\u00f0 um sj\u00e1lfa mig sem hef ritr\u00fdnt greinar \u00ed nokkrum erlendum t\u00edmaritum og einnig st\u00f6ku sinnum veri\u00f0 fengin til a\u00f0 ritr\u00fdna efni \u00ed Netlu.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 svo sem deila um hvort ritr\u00fdndar greinar s\u00e9u endilega besta lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 koma ranns\u00f3knarni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri, sj\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis n\u00fdlega bloggf\u00e6rslu hj\u00e1 Sigur\u00f0i Fjalari J\u00f3nssyni<\/a> \u00fear sem hann v\u00edsar \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00e1 Menntakviku, \u00e1rlegu \u00feingi Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0s<\/a>. \u00c1 r\u00e1\u00f0stefnunni hefur vel komi\u00f0 fram s\u00fa gr\u00f3ska sem er \u00ed menntaranns\u00f3knum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. En \u00ed f\u00e6rslu Sigur\u00f0ar Fjalar hvetur hann til a\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0larnir s\u00e9u n\u00fdttir \u00ed auknum m\u00e6li til a\u00f0 kynna ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur menntaranns\u00f3kna svo \u00fe\u00e6r hafi meira hagn\u00fdtt gildi fyrir \u00fer\u00f3un sk\u00f3lastarfs. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur svo a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar kynningar v\u00e6ru taldar l\u00edtils sem einskis vir\u00f0i samkv\u00e6mt vinnumatskvar\u00f0a H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans og \u00fea\u00f0 gildir reyndar um margt fleira af \u00fev\u00ed ranns\u00f3knar- og \u00fer\u00f3unarstarfi sem unni\u00f0 er \u00e1 svi\u00f0inu.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn \u00e1 Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0i eru oft fengnir til a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r matsranns\u00f3knir og -verkefni. Fyrsta (og oft eina) birting sl\u00edkra verkefna er vi\u00f0amikil matssk\u00fdrsla en samningsatri\u00f0i er oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um hvort birta megi uppl\u00fdsingar me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti. D\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 eru sk\u00fdrslur um matsranns\u00f3knir<\/a> sem RANNUM hefur teki\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r. \u00dear sem \u00e9g hef sj\u00e1lf ekki veri\u00f0 s\u00e9rlega sni\u00f0ug a\u00f0 spila eftir vinnumatskerfinu hef \u00e9g \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur mun takmarka\u00f0ri stigafj\u00f6lda en ef \u00e9g hef\u00f0i neita\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0 m\u00e9r vi\u00f0komandi verkefni og\/e\u00f0a haft skemmri sk\u00edrn \u00e1 sk\u00fdrsluger\u00f0 en sett mestan hluta ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0na \u00ed greinar til birtingar \u00ed h\u00e1ttmetnum erlendum t\u00edmaritum. Nokkur stig (1-5 stig) geta hugsanlega fengist fyrir eina sk\u00fdrslu, ef \u00fea\u00f0 er vel r\u00f6kstutt, en klipi\u00f0 er af \u00feeim stigafj\u00f6lda \u00feegar h\u00f6fundar eru margir.<\/p>\n

Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 fyrir eftirfarandi fj\u00f3rar sk\u00fdrslur \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2010-2012 f\u00e9kk \u00e9g alls samkv\u00e6mt vinnumatskerfi h\u00e1sk\u00f3lans sem samsvarar 9 stigum (ca. 2,25 fyrir hverja sk\u00fdrslu) um helmingi minna en fengist hef\u00f0i fyrir eina grein \u00ed t\u00edmaritinu sem \u00e9g sag\u00f0i mig \u00far fyrir \u00e1ri. Ekkert af \u00feessum verkefnum v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00f3 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 vinna almennilega \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 hafa g\u00f3\u00f0an grunn \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 svi\u00f0i menntav\u00edsinda.<\/p>\n