| 1980 | Ph.D. from the University of Reading. Thesis: What's in a word? A Study on Word Recognition. |
| 1973 - 1977 | Research for a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Reading, supervised by Professor Max Coltheart. |
| 1973 | M.Sc. in experimental Psychology from the University of Sussex. |
| 1972 | B.Sc. in Physics at the University of Edinburgh. |
| 1967- 1968 | Studied History, Political Science and Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. |
| 1967 | Matriculated from Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík (high school), Science option. |
