Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect VPN client on Debian Bookworm

Helmut Neukirchen, 19. December 2024

To install a Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect VPN client on Debian Bookworm, the following should in principle be sufficient

apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

However, this did not work with KDE/Plasma. I then tried logging in with Gnome as Desktop Environment and I got once shown the SSO (with MFA) web interface inside the the Openconnect window, but without further success, i.e. without establishing the VPN connection.

Then, I downloaded from the assets at https://github.com/yuezk/GlobalProtect-openconnect the most recent amd64 deb:
https://github.com/yuezk/GlobalProtect-openconnect/releases/download/v2.3.9/globalprotect-openconnect_2.3.9-1_amd64.deb
and installed a missing dependency using apt install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 and then installed the downloaded deb.

I tried the graphical client (trial version working for 10 days only), but that did anyway not work. However, then the command line version finally worked:
sudo -E gpclient connect vpn.hi.is
It opens (probably using libwebkit2gtk that Debian had installed) a graphical Window for the SSO/MFA. Note that I had to re-run that command a couple of times until it finally worked.

Cybersecurity research centre (rannsóknarsetrur í netöryggisfræðum) will get funded with 67.3 m.kr. by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation

Helmut Neukirchen, 18. December 2024

Reykjavik University, University of Iceland, and University of Akureyri and applied together for funding in order to establish a joint Cybersecurity research centre. The Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation announced that the thre universities will together get for the project Rannsóknarsetur um netöryggisfræði get 67.3 million ISK funding over 2 years from the university collaboration fund (Samstarf háskóla). This is a continuation of a established collaboration that created the M.Sc. cybersecurity specialisations/emphasis that received previously 2 years of funding.

However, we envisaged a significantly higher grant and with that, the idea was to use the grant to introduce a new Ph.D. program, co-funding two Ph.D. student positions, to hold community engagement activities, to organise a "Defend the Flag" contest, and to create undergraduate and M.Sc research opportunities. Now, with the lower funding, we need to adjust our vision for the Cybersecurity research centre.

The grant will also be used as co-funding for cybersecurity Digital Europe Programme projects that are funded by the EU, however only at a 50% funding rate, so that the ministry funding is needed to provide part of the co-funding.

As we will have soon a new government in Iceland, we can expect that the ministries will get re-organised and we have to see what this means for this funding.

Crossover Office Wine on Debian 12 Bookworm

Helmut Neukirchen, 16. December 2024

While I had never problems using Crossover Office on Debian, a fresh install on a fresh Debian 12 Bookworm revealed that 32 bit dynamic libraries were missing -- I got a message like:


Can't exec "bin/wineloader": No such file or directory at cxoffice/bin/wine line 1310.
wine:error: unable to start 'cxoffice/bin/wineloader': No such file or directory

To fix that, run:

cxoffice/bin/cxfix --auto

That should add the missing 32 bit libraries.

To check in addition for any other missing libraries: In the running crossover GUI:
Help -> System Information
to see if you are still missing any library. And indeed, still I needed to install apt install libcapi20-3 libosmesa6.

See also https://www.codeweavers.com/support/forums/general?t=26;msg=215738

USB C to M.2 enclosures/chipsets

Helmut Neukirchen, 14. December 2024

Just for the record: I have two different USB C to NVMe enclosures with different chipsets, one is crap, one is great:

  • Crap: Icy box IB-1817M-C31 with with JMicron JMS583 PCIe-USB Bridge Controller chipset: read stalls (not so much when writing, though), no S.M.A.R.T. support, no M.2 SATA support -- AVOID!
  • Sabrent EC-SNVE 10Gbps Tool-Free Enclosure with Realtek RTL9210 chipset: performant, with S.M.A.R.T. support, supports both M.2 SATA and NVMe, and the tool-free approach (i.e. no screws) is also nice, even though the case is smaller, it gets less hot than the other one (which could either mean that the heat transfer from the SSD to the case is bad, or that the bridge controller chipset gets less hot) -- RECOMMENDED!

But it seems that firmware versions matter a lot. But Sabrent has only an updating tool for Windows, maybe these images can be used as input for some Linux-based tool?

Two cybersecurity papers at the 11th IEEE International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS-2024)

Helmut Neukirchen, 7. December 2024

We have two research papers accepted at the 11th IEEE International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS-2024).

  • Brynjólfur Stefánsson, Ásta Guðrún Helgadóttir, Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille, Helmut Neukirchen, Thomas Welsh: Understanding Trust in Authentication Methods for Icelandic Digital Public Services. IEEE SNAMS 2024: The 11th IEEE International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security, IEEE, to appear 2024 or 2025. Preprint DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2501.17548
  • Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille, Brynjólfur Stefánsson, Helmut Neukirchen, Thomas Welsh.
    Towards Supporting Penetration Testing Education with Large Language Models: an Evaluation and Comparison. IEEE SNAMS 2024: The 11th IEEE International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security, IEEE, to appear 2024 or 2025. Preprint DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2501.17539

The program lists only paper titles -- not authors nor presenters. Our student Brynjólfur Stefánsson presented both papers at the conference.


This research is in the context of our cybersecurity activities and the ECCC/EU co-funded projects ICEDEF – Defend Iceland and Eyvör – the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS).


Cybersecurity at Þjóðarspegillinn 2024 social science conference

Helmut Neukirchen, 12. November 2024

On Friday, 1 November 2024, we had a we have a presentation (in Icelandic) on Cybersecurity at Þjóðarspegillinn 2024, the University of Iceland social science conference. This is to raise cybersecurity awareness, see also the NCC-IS and ICEDEF projects.


This talk is in the context of our cybersecurity activities and the ECCC/EU co-funded projects ICEDEF – Defend Iceland and Eyvör – the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS).


Poster at the 2024 annual conference of Vegagerðin, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration

Helmut Neukirchen, 1. November 2024

As part of our IoT for buoys research, we had on 1. November 2024 a poster at the 2024 annual conference of Vegagerðin, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration.

Click on the poster image for the full size PDF of the poster.

Sociotechnical Resilience and Cybersecurity Workshop

Helmut Neukirchen, 29. September 2024

We are holding a Sociotechnical Resilience and Cybersecurity Workshop 1.-2. October 2024 in Gróska, room Fenjamýri.

Contact the organiser Thomas Welsh for registration.


This event is in the context of our cybersecurity activities and the ECCC/EU co-funded projects ICEDEF – Defend Iceland and Eyvör – the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS).


European Researchers' Night 2024 / Vísindavaka 2024

Helmut Neukirchen, 27. September 2024

On Saturday, 28. September 2024, 13:00-18:00, there is Vísindavaka 2024, the Icelandic family-friendly-during-daytime edition of European Researchers' Night 2024 at Laugardalshöll.

The Computer Science department of University of Iceland has a booth there, showcasing some of their research:

  • Cybersecurity: Eyvör NCC-IS, the National Coordination Centre Iceland for Cybersecurity. The Computer Science department of University of Iceland is part of Eyvör NCC-IS and we will show three pieces to raise awareness:
    • Has my user info (in the worst case: my password) been leaked? Look up who else owns your login data: https://haveibeenpwned.com
      Note: if your data shows up there to have been leaked, then this is not your fault, but the fault of the website that was storing your data in an insecure manner and you should change your password at that website (also check whether the password has been leaked or only, e.g., your email adress). However, it is your fault if you use the same password for multiple websites: should your password leak from one website, criminals will try that password on other websites and will have success if you use the same password there. Use different passwords for different services. Even better: use multifactor authentication, i.e. not just a password (that can be easily leaked), but in addition something that can be less easily stolen, such as your phone: an authenticator app running on it, an SMS sent to your phone number, or the Icelandic digital ID on your SIM card.
    • An online quiz on how good you are at identifying phishing emails, i.e. emails trying to trick you into providing information, e.g. passwords: https://cybersecuritymonth.eu/quiz (Note: solutions not provided online -- you need to visit us to get hints where you were wrong and where you were right!)
    • A LEGO model of Iceland representing critical infrastructure that is subject to attacks. Each time, a service on our Internet-connected computer is attacked via the Internet from anywhere in the world, a light goes off. So when all Iceland turns dark in our Lego model, then you know that all of our services are currently being attacked at the same time. We use just a dummy sample server, but in fact, it could be your computer or a power plant that is attacked. True Blinkenlights - next time, we should do it using the lights in the glass front of Harpa concert hall.


  • A 3D scanner that scans the shape of your ear: used in CoE RAISE in order to find with AI out how the shape of your ear influences how you hear from different directions.
  • Quantum computing: a new piece to show, therefore no photos yet -- you really need to come and see!

See you at Laugardalshöll!

Cybersecurity at Menntakvika 2024 education conference

Helmut Neukirchen, 25. September 2024

On Friday, 27 September 2024, 10:45-12:15, we have in room SAGA - E (former Hotel Saga) a presentation (in Icelandic) on Cybersecurity at Menntakvika 2024, the University of Iceland education conference. See, the abstract titled "Net og gagnaöryggi í nútímasamfélagi" in the abstract collection. This is to raise cybersecurity awareness, see also the NCC-IS and ICEDEF projects.


This talk is in the context of our cybersecurity activities and the ECCC/EU co-funded projects ICEDEF – Defend Iceland and Eyvör – the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre of Iceland (NCC-IS).